Proper disposal of chemicals

Most chemicals used by the amateur chemist come from every day use and do not require special treatment before being discarded in the usual way. However there are many chemicals, such as heavy metal compounds or organic solvents, that require special disposal techniques. In the interest of keeping lab costs low, though, it may be a good idea to look into ways to recycle and recover chemicals such as solvents, which can be reclaimed by distillation.

IMPORTANT NOTE!!!

The information posted in this article is merely a collection of observations from various amateur chemists and is NOT meant for professionally disposing large amounts of chemicals and should NOT be used as a guideline on neutralizing reagents. For the disposal of large amounts of hazardous reagents or for special reagents, ask the help of professional hazardous chemical disposal entities. ALWAYS CHECK THE LOCAL LAWS BEFORE DISPOSING OF ANY REAGENT! This wiki will NOT take any responsibility (legal or other) for any (failed) attempts at neutralizing hazardous reagents. Do not treat the written disposal guidelines as absolute.

Standard procedures

Acids

Acids are best neutralized with a base, such as carbonate/bicarbonate, hydroxide (calcium hydroxide e.g.) best as aqueous solution. Before neutralizing them, always dilute the acid first, to limit splashing or boiling the acid. ALWAYS POUR THE ACID IN WATER AND NOT THE OTHER WAY AROUND! After you diluted the acid, dissolve the base in water or, if it's insoluble, add just enough water to turn it into a suspension. Slowly add the base in the diluted acid, and watch out for foaming or, if it's a strong acid, boiling. Never add solid alkali bases in strong acids, as this will cause the acids to violently boil and splash acid everywhere. After neutralization, you're left with a solution containing the salt of the neutralized acid. Salts of hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric acids can be further diluted then safely poured down the drain, or recycled if you want.

The soluble salts of halogen acids and oxoacids (except perchloric and chloric acids) can be safely poured down the drain. Special acids and their salts, such as hydrazoic acid and azides must not be poured directly down the drain, they must be treated with nitrous acid to destroy them.

Oxidizing mixtures, such as aqua regia, piranha solution or the nitrating mixture must also never be poured down the drain, as they're much more dangerous than simple acids, and can wreak havoc on your plumbing. Instead, they must be neutralized first.

Bases

Alkali hydroxides can be left in open air to absorb carbon dioxide as well as corrosive and unpleasant gases, forming carbonates and salts. However, as the carbonate is formed, it will creep out of the flask, covering it. For quicker results, alkali bases can be neutralized with any acid, though for practical and economical purposes, acetic acid or citric acid are sufficient. Just make sure to dilute the bases first. Bases may be reused to absorb acidic vapors in a desiccator, which mitigates their dangers. Care must be taken to avoid excess heating with strong bases.

Cyanides

Waste containing cyanide, either from gold refining or from organic extractions of alkaloids from cyanide containing plants, must be neutralized with bleach or hydrogen peroxide, to turn them into less harmful cyanates. The resulting cyanates will slowly hydrolyze in basic environment to ammonium carbonates, while excess bleach/oxidizer will further convert them to nitrogen and carbon dioxide.

Cyanides must never be poured down the drain before neutralization.

Heavy metals

Since the biggest hazard comes from the volatile and soluble heavy metal compounds, it's best to convert them into insoluble compounds, which are less toxic.

Heavy metals, such as mercury, can often be neutralized with a mixture of zinc and sulfur powders, which yields mercury sulfide aka cinnabar. This compound is insoluble in water and acids, showing little reactivity.

Very dangerous heavy metals such as cadmium, thallium and arsenic should always be properly disposed of at designated facilities, as their effects on human life and the environment is sometimes catastrophic.

Inorganic anions

Inorganic anions, based on halogens, sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, carbon and silicon can be flushed down the drain with lots of water. Examples of these are sulfide, sulfate, chloride, chlorate, nitrate, nitrite, thiocyanate.

Metal ions

A good rule of thumb for transition metals is to convert solutions of their ions to the insoluble carbonate or oxide, often one of the most stable and nontoxic forms of these elements, prior to disposal. Another simple solution is to reduce the ions back to the metal.

Copper salts are dangerous to the environment and should be reduced with iron to elemental copper, that can be reused, and the iron salts produced are less toxic.

Nickel-containing compounds, especially organonickel compounds, are carcinogens, and are also dangerous to many other forms of life. It is a good idea to take these to a proper waste disposal facility.

Cobalt salts may be carcinogenic and should be taken to a proper waste disposal facility.

Aluminium compounds generally should not be disposed in the sewage. They can, however, be converted to aluminium sulfate, which is safe to dispose of in soil, though it will cause a decrease in pH (it is used as a fertilizer for this purpose), and in diluted form can be poured down the drain, as at low concentrations it's used in the treatment of water. It is a good idea to dispose of aluminium sulfate and a safe basic compound (such as calcium carbonate) at the same time.

Many compounds of chromium, especially chromium(VI), are poisonous and carcinogenic. These should be converted to the +3 oxidation state; hydrogen peroxide as well as sulfites or thiosulfate will do this, which is typically the least harmful, preferably to chromium(III) oxide. Chromium dioxide may be another feasible option, as it is found in cassette tapes and can be recycled with them.

Zinc compounds can be refined to zinc metal using electrowinning. It's not recommended to use zinc compounds obtained from technical sources as zinc supplements for soil or livestock, as it may contain traces of heavy metals, such as cadmium.

Some MSDS sheets recommend that rare earths be converted to their oxalates or carbonates and disposed of in the trash.

Alkali metals are minimally toxic as their salts and may be dumped down the drain.

Organic compounds

Organic solvents should be poured in labeled waste tanks, such as: halogenated, non-halogenated solvents. Flammable organic solvents that are safe in low exposures, such as ethanol, methanol, and acetone can often simply be burned outside for disposal, as most often their combustion products are simply carbon dioxide and water. It may be a better idea just to recover them by distillation, though. An alcohol burner can be used to burn these liquids.

Halogenated compounds like chloroform can be neutralized with a strong base, although this neutralization should not be done without safety precautions.

A good, though resource-intensive way to destroy halogenated and aromatic compounds is with Fenton's reagent, which breaks them down to simpler non-toxic compounds. It's best however, to avoid dumping large quantities of waste, as the reaction in exothermic and may splash or volatilize some of the waste, so it's best to perform the neutralization in small steps. Many methods described in literature involve slowly bubbling the organic compound with a carrier gas in the Fenton solution, as this increases oxidation and limits splashing. However, because only small amounts of compound gets neutralized at a time, this process takes a while. For safety, you will need to use diluted hydrogen peroxide, meaning that at the end of the neutralization process you will be left with a large volume of water filled with iron precipitate and some organic residues that did not decompose completely, though they're generally not as toxic as their parent compound.

Chromic acid and it's derivatives can also be used to destroy hazardous chemical compounds, as it neutralizes them to carbon dioxide and water. However, chromic acid will (violently) oxidize alcohols to their respective aldehydes or ketones, which cannot be oxidized further by the acid alone, which limits it's use in neutralizing many compounds.

Piranha solution is an excellent material for the disposal of organic compounds. The decomposition is highly exothermic and the resulting smoke is very dangerous. As such, this method is generally considered a last resort in disposal, and it's mostly used for cleaning rather than disposal.

Organic salts, such as acetates and oxalates can be pyrolyzed to carbonates and water vapors. The decomposition works best in oxygen-rich atmosphere.

Recycling

Main article: Reagent recycling

Sometimes it is an option to purify waste products into chemicals that are pure enough to be used again. While this can sometimes be time consuming, it can often be more environmentally and economically friendly than discarding the waste in one manner or another is. Before discarding waste, think about what all it contains, and if there is some way that it could be used.

Down the drain vs. into the soil

The availability of these disposal methods varies depending on where you live. If you live in an apartment block, you only have the drain. If you live in a suburban house, you have both. If you live in some quaint rustic shithole paradise like the author of this edit, you only have the "into the soil" option.

Generally, the soil option is safer, because there is no plumbing you should worry about, but some chemicals shouldn't be released into the soil, either. In general, your designated place for pouring chemicals into the soil should be far from any gardens, horticulture or any other agricultural objects. Chemicals marked as "Oh yes!" in the table below are harmless and even useful in agriculture as fertilizers. These you can pour down in your garden.

Lists of various chemical compounds that can be safely released in the ground or down the drain can be found here, here or here.

Other

Heavy metal salts or solutions can be mixed with cement, and trapped by making a concrete block. The resulting block can also be covered in another layer of cement, to reduce the diffusion of the heavy metals. Unless the concrete is damaged, broken or dissolved in acid, the heavy metal ions will not be released. However, this merely is a method to prevent the heavy metals from being released in the environment and is not a permanent way of disposal.

Legal considerations

Releasing hazardous chemicals in the environment is a crime in all jurisdictions and carries heavy fines or even jail time. While properly neutralized reagents may be poured down the drain, dumping very large amounts of said reagents is frowned upon. Incineration is attractive as it's a good method of getting rid of wastes, but unless you're using an incinerator, some material will not be destroyed and instead it will be scattered in air. Likewise, it's forbidden to burn certain materials in open air, such as aromatic compounds or organosulfur compounds and for those, special incinerators are a must.

Always check the local laws before choosing the disposal method.

Chemical disposal table

A-L

Substance	Neutralization	Heat treatment	Down the drain	Into the soil	Environmental considerations
1,2-Dichloroethane	Oxidation with Fenton's reagent; Concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide	Flammable, releases corrosive fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife
1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate	Safe detonation in remote area; Strong dilution in organic solvent followed by safe incineration; Hydrolysis with cold sodium hydroxide solution	Detonation above 230 °C	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to organisms; nitrate source for plants
1,4-Dichlorobenzene	Oxidation with an oxidizing solution, such as chromic acid, piranha solution, Fenton's reagent	Flammable, releases corrosive fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife, suspected carcinogen
1,4-Dioxane	Incineration (no peroxides); Oxidation with Fenton's reagent; Chlorination in water with chlorine or hypochlorous acid; If peroxides are present, addition of excess ferrous sulfate, sodium bisulfite or metabisulfite to neutralize the peroxides, followed by incineration; If the bottle has peroxides on the cap, do not open it, instead safely detonate it in a remote or special area	Incineration produces carbon dioxide and water vapor	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Although small amounts can be diluted with large amounts of water and poured down the drain, 1,4-dioxane does not undergo significant biodegradation and most will end up in the environment.
2-Chloroethanol	Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Generates carbon dioxide, HCl, water, phosgene	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to all wildlife
2-Mercaptoethanol	Hydrogen peroxide, bleach; poured down the drain	Decomposes to release hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide	Neutralize it with bleach or hydrogen peroxide first	Not recommended	Harmful to organisms due to its ability to weaken S-S bonds in various tissues
2-Nitrotoluene	Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Generates oxidation products and lots of soot	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to all wildlife
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane	Incineration	Generates carbon oxides, water vapor and soot	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife and dangerous for water bodies as it floats
2,4-Dinitrobromobenzene	Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Generates carbon oxides, water vapor, soot and bromine vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to all wildlife
4-Aminoantipyrine	Strong dilution; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Generates carbon oxides, water vapor, soot and nitrogen vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Considered to be toxic to wildlife, but not much is known about its effects
4-Toluenesulfonyl chloride	Neutralization with diluted aq. NaOH; Strong dilution; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Generates carbon oxides, water vapor, soot, sulfur oxides and HCl fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Considered to be toxic to wildlife, but not much is known about its effects
Acetaldehyde	Incineration; Sodium pyrosulfite; L-cysteine	Generates carbon oxides and water vapors; some will evaporate when heated	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to the wildlife
Acetamide	Dilution in a more flammable solvent, followed by incineration; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Gives off carbon monoxide, dioxide, ammonia, acetonitrile, hydrogen cyanide	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Possibly harmful
Acetamidine hydrochloride	Addition to water followed by heating, yielding acetic acid and ammonium chloride	Anhydrous conditions yields ammonium chloride and acetonitrile; In presence of water acetic acid and ammonium chloride are formed	Dilute first	Dilute first	Effects unknown, possibly toxic
Acetic acid	Bicarbonates, carbonates, bases, oxides	Flammable (high concentrations), no dangerous combustion products	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; avoid dumping large amounts, acidifies soil
Acetic anhydride	Bicarbonates, carbonates, bases, oxides	Flammable, no dangerous combustion products	Yes	Yes	Biodegradable; avoid dumping large amounts, acidifies soil
Acetone	Oxidation/incineration, reducing, photolysis	Flammable, no dangerous combustion products	Not advised	Yes	Biodegradable, though not advised for large amounts
Acetone peroxide	Photolysis, detonation in safe area	Explosive, not recommended	Not advised	Not advised	Biodegradable, though not advised
Acetonitrile	Fenton's reagent; Aqueous solution of excess sodium hydroxide	All treatments give some hydrogen cyanide fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to all life due to its cyanide/nitrile group; does not quickly break down in environment
Acetophenone	Mixed with a more flammable solvent and incinerated	Generates smoke, carbon dioxide and water vapors	Yes, but dilute it first	Yes, but dilute it first	Relative safe, biodegradable; Occurs naturally in small amounts
Acetyl chloride	Slow addition to a basic solution	Burn products include hydrogen chloride which is corrosive	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic and corrosive to organisms and environment
Acetylacetone	Incineration	Gives off carbon dioxide and water vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife
Acetylene	Oxidation, photolysis	Dangerously flammable	Not possible	Not possible	Safe, biodegradable
Acetylsalicylic acid	Any base	Not particularly helpful	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable
Acrolein	Addition of a base, which causes polymerization	Burns in the presence of oxygen releasing carbon oxides, water, and various other organic products	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic to all organisms
Activated carbon	Burning, dumping in ground; Desorption by heating it to high temperature and reuse	Results in carbon dioxide and ash	DO NOT DUMP	OH YES!	Unless it adsorbed dangerous volatile compounds or heavy metals, it can be used as a fertilizer (powdered form); Less effective as beads or pellets
Agar	Not required	Pyrolysis gives foul smelling compounds	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; nourishment for many organisms
Allyl alcohol	Diluted with a flammable solvent, like ethanol or acetone and burned; Epoxidation and hydrolysis to glycerol	Burns, releasing an acrid smoke	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Very toxic to all organisms
Alnico	Recycled Dumped in trash	Loses magnetism when heated and melts at high temperatures	Not recommended	Not recommended	Nickel and cobalt are harmful for the environment
Alpha-pinene	Not required	Generates smoke, carbon dioxide and water vapor	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; Occurs naturally
Aluminium chloride	Treatment with water, precipitation with a base	No effect; Water solutions however will give off hydrogen chloride vapors	Not advised	Yes	Lowers the soil pH, corrosive
Aluminium iodide	Treatment with water, precipitation with a base; recycling of iodine	No effect; Water solutions however will give off hydrogen iodide and iodine vapors	Not advised	Yes	Lowers the soil pH, corrosive
Aluminium isopropoxide	Incineration outside; Treatment with water, recovery of isopropanol and aluminium oxide/hydroxide or incineration of isopropanol	Melts and decomposes to give various ketones and isopropanol which may ignite; leaves behind alumina residue	Do not dump	DO NOT DUMP	Increases level of aluminium from soil, corrosive and harmful to organisms
Aluminium nitrate	Pyrolysis; Aqueous ammonia or alkaline hydroxide solution	Gives off nitrogen oxide fumes	DO NOT DUMP	Not recommended	Lowers soil pH, corrosive
Aluminium oxide	Not always required, can be dumped in trash	Not useful	Do not dump, may clog plumbing	Yes, but avoid dumping large amounts	Increases level of aluminium in soil, toxic to animals in large quantities
Aluminium phosphide	Diluted sodium hypochlorite, bleach	Burns in air, releasing fumes of phosphorus pentoxide and aluminium oxide, as well as traces of phosphine if any moisture is present	DO NOT DUMP!	DO NOT DUMP	Releases phosphine gas on contact with water, which is deadly to organisms
Aluminium sulfate	Any alkaline hydroxide	Releases sulfur oxides at high temperature	Dilute it first; neutralization with a base first is recommended	No	Increases the aluminium concentration in soil and water, lowers pH
Aluminium sulfide	Hydrogen peroxide, bleach	No	NO	NO	Releases hydrogen sulfide on contact with water, which is toxic to organisms
Amatol	VERY controlled incineration	Burns, may detonate in the presence of metallic impurities, like copper, brass	DO NOT DUMP!	DO NOT DUMP!	While ammonium nitrate is a good nitrogen source for plants, TNT is very harmful for wildlife
Aminoguanidine	Not required, can be discarded in any way	Pyrolysis gives nitrogen and carbon oxides	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable
Aminoguanidinium bicarbonate	Not required, can be dumped in ground; Pyrolysis done outside	Pyrolysis gives nitrogen, water and carbon/nitrogen oxides	Yes, but not recommended	Yes	Little is known about its environmental impact
Aminoguanidinium nitrate	Not required, can be dumped in ground; Careful and controlled pyrolysis	Pyrolysis gives nitrogen, water and carbon/nitrogen oxides; may explode at high temperatures	Not recommended	Yes	Safe, nitrogen source for plants; Guanidine derivates occur in guano
Ammonal	VERY controlled incineration	Burns, may detonate in the presence of metallic impurities, like copper	DO NOT DUMP!	DO NOT DUMP!	While ammonium nitrate is a good nitrogen source for plants, the aluminium, TNT and other impurities present are harmful for wildlife
Ammonia	Oxidation, neutralization with acids	At high concentrations may generate nitrogen oxides	Not possible (gaseous), safe to pour (as solution)	Not possible (gaseous), safe to pour (as solution); Good nitrogen source for plants	Biodegradable
Ammonium acetate	Unnecessary	Releases acetonitrile fumes	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable
Ammonium azide	Acidified sodium nitrite, nitrous acid	Slowly volatilizes and explodes at 400 °C releasing nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia gasses	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Very toxic for wildlife
Ammonium bicarbonate	Pyrolysis, hydroxides, acids	Decomposes on heating releasing carbon dioxide, ammonia fumes and water vapors	Yes	Oh yes!	Safe, good fertilizer (nitrogen source)
Ammonium bisulfate	Neutralize it with ammonia; can then poured down the drain	Decomposes to release sulfur oxides and ammonia	Yes, though recommended to neutralize first	No, neutralize first	Acidic, but once neutralized good nitrogen and sulfur source for plants
Ammonium bisulfite	While it can be diluted and poured down the drain, it's recommended to neutralize it first; hydrogen peroxide and ammonia can be used to safely neutralize it	Decomposes to release sulfur dioxide and ammonia	Yes, though recommended to neutralize first	No, neutralize first	Oxidation of aqueous ammonium bisulfite to bisulfate can reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen from water bodies and will lower water pH
Ammonium carbonate	Pyrolysis, hydroxides, acids	Decomposes on heating releasing carbon dioxide, ammonia fumes and water vapors	Yes	Oh yes!	Safe, good fertilizer (nitrogen source)
Ammonium chlorate	Controlled incineration in small batches	Decomposes on heating releasing nitrogen, water, oxygen and hydrogen chloride, sometimes explosively	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Chlorates are harmful to plants
Ammonium chloride	Soluble sulfate salts, base + other acid	Decomposes on heating releasing ammonia and hydrogen chloride	Yes	Yes	Safe, good fertilizer (nitrogen source); May prove unsuitable to chloride sensitive plants
Ammonium chromate	Reducing with a reducing agent, such as sodium metabisulfite, sulfite, bisulfite, ascorbic acid, at acidic pH	Decomposes, the famous volcano reaction, releasing nitrogen gas, water vapors, fine particulates of unburnt ammonium chromate, leaving behind Cr(III) oxide	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Cr(VI) ions are carcinogenic and very toxic to organisms
Ammonium dichromate	Reducing with a reducing agent, such as sodium metabisulfite, sulfite, bisulfite, ascorbic acid at acidic pH	Decomposes, the famous volcano reaction, releasing nitrogen gas, water vapors, fine particulates of unburnt ammonium dichromate, leaving behind Cr(III) oxide	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Cr(VI) ions are carcinogenic and very toxic to organisms
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate	Not required; Slaked lime can be used to precipitate calcium phosphate	Decomposes on heating to release ammonia	Yes	Yes	Safe, good fertilizer (nitrogen and phosphorus source)
Ammonium dinitramide	Careful thermal decomposition	Decomposes on heating to release nitrogen, water and oxygen; may explode if heated too high	Do not dump	Unknown	While it may be a good fertilizer, its environmental effects are unknown
Ammonium ferrocyanide	Not required	Decomposes in several steps, releasing ammonia, water, cyanogen, ferric oxide, in air	Dilute first	Dilute first	Low toxicity, environmental effects unknown
Ammonium formate	Alkali hydroxide, carbonate, sulfate; heating in the presence of a base	Decomposes on heating to release ammonia, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide and water	Yes, if diluted	Yes, if diluted	Dangerous to wildlife in large amounts
Ammonium heptamolybdate	Alkali hydroxide, carbonate, sulfate; Dilution, poured down the drain	Decomposes on heating to release ammonia, water, leaving behind MoO3	Yes, if strongly diluted	Not recommended	Dangerous to wildlife in large amounts
Ammonium hypophosphite	Diluted cooled hydrogen peroxide solution	Decomposes to ammonia and phosphine	Neutralize first	Neutralize first	Harmful to organisms, especially aquatic ones
Ammonium iron(II) sulfate	Pyrolysis, hydroxides, carbonates	Emits ammonia, sulfur oxides and water vapors, leaving behind iron oxides	Yes	Oh yes!	Safe, good fertilizer (nitrogen, iron and sulfur source); May cause algal bloom in water bodies however
Ammonium nitrate	Pyrolysis, hydroxides, carbonates	Emits nitrous oxide, may explode if the temperature is too high	Yes	Oh yes!	Safe, good fertilizer (nitrogen source); May cause algal bloom in water bodies however
Ammonium nitrite	Alkali hydroxides; strong dilution followed by heating; will slowly decompose even at room temperature, so you may leave it in a safe area and let it decompose	Decomposes or detonates, releasing nitrogen and water vapors	DO NOT DUMP	Yes	Decomposes quickly in environment, especially at low pH
Ammonium oxalate	Alkali hydroxide, carbonate, sulfate; pyrolysis in the presence of a base	Decomposes on heating to release ammonia, carbon monoxide, oximide, hydrogen cyanide and water vapors	Yes, if diluted	Yes, if diluted	May pose a threat to wildlife in large amounts; Occurs naturally in guano
Ammonium perchlorate	Reduction with metallic iron under UV light in the absence of air; Heating perchlorate at 200 °C with metallic iron for several hours	Decomposes to release nitrogen, water vapors, oxygen and hydrogen chloride	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Hazardous to aquatic life
Ammonium permanganate	Dissolution in water, followed by reduction with sulfur dioxide or sodium sulfite, thiosulfate or metabisulfite	Detonates above 60-110 °C, releasing nitrogen, water vapors and a smoke of manganese dioxide	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Strong oxidizer and explosive, hazardous for wildlife
Ammonium persulfate	Pyrolysis, hydrolysis, various reducing agents	Decomposes at 120 °C releasing sulfur and nitrogen oxides, oxygen and ammonia	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Strong oxidizer, hazardous for wildlife
Ammonium sulfamate	Not required; Strong dilution is sufficient	Decomposes on heating to release ammonia, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid vapors	Yes	Yes	Considered to be environmentally friendly due to its degradation to non-harmful residues
Ammonium sulfate	Not required; Calcium hydroxide can be used to precipitate calcium sulfate	Decomposes on heating to release ammonia, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid vapors	Yes	Yes	Safe, good fertilizer (nitrogen and sulfur source); slightly lowers the soil pH
Ammonium sulfide	Hydrogen peroxide; hot sulfur dioxide	Decomposes releasing hydrogen sulfide and ammonia	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic for wildlife; Dangerous for the environment (DSD)
Ammonium sulfite	Not required, simply pour down the drain; Bleach or hydrogen peroxide can be used if desired	Decomposes to release sulfur dioxide	Yes	Yes	Oxidation of aqueous ammonium sulfite to sulfate can reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen from water bodies; otherwise, safe, used as fertilizer
Ammonium tetrafluoroborate	Precipitation with sodium hydroxide to less sodium fluorides	Emits very toxic fumes of hydrogen fluoride, nitrogen oxides and ammonia	Do not dump	Do not dump	Harmful for organisms
Ammonium thiosulfate	Dilute then pour down the drain; Bleach or hydrogen peroxide can be used if desired	Decomposes to release sulfur dioxide, ammonia, water vapors	Yes, but dilute first	Yes. but dilute first	May be harmful for aquatic life; safe, used as fertilizer
ANFO	VERY controlled incineration	Burns, almost never detonates	DO NOT DUMP!	DO NOT DUMP!	While ammonium nitrate is a good nitrogen source for plants, the fuel oil (FO) from its composition is harmful for wildlife
Aniline	Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Gives off carbon oxides, soot, nitrogen and or nitrogen oxides and water vapor	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to most wildlife
Anisole	Dilution with a solvent, followed by incineration; Oxidation with an oxidizing solution, like Fenton's reagent	Gives off carbon oxides, soot and water vapor	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Potentially hazardous to wildlife
ANNM	VERY controlled incineration	Burns, almost never detonates	DO NOT DUMP!	DO NOT DUMP!	While ammonium nitrate is a good nitrogen source for plants, nitromethane and methanol may be harmful for wildlife
Anthocyanin	Not necessary	Gives off carbon oxides and water vapor	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; Occurs naturally
Anthranilic acid	Dumped in trash, poured down the drain	Sublimes and decomposes, releasing carbon oxides, water vapors, soot, anilline	Yes	Yes	Low toxicity, nutrient for organisms
Anthraquinone	Mixed with a more flammable solvent and safely incinerated; Controlled oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Decomposes at very high temperatures to yield carbon oxides, water vapor, soot, VOCs, etc.	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Occurs naturally; effects on the environment unknown
Antimony(III) chloride	Precipitation with a base; Taken to waste disposal centers	Sublimes; Water solutions however will give off hydrogen chloride vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Lowers the soil pH, corrosive; Toxic to organisms
Antimony(III) oxide	Taken to hazardous waste disposal centers	Not useful	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife
Arabitol	Not required	Yields carbon oxides, water vapors	Yes	Yes	Low toxicity
Armstrong's mixture	Dissolution in water; Reduction with sodium thiosulfate, sulfite, metabisulfite	Detonates	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Potassium chlorate is a potent herbicide
Arsenic trichloride	Very careful neutralization with a base to non-volatile arsenic compounds, then taken to hazardous waste disposal centers	Evaporates, reacts with moisture in air	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic to the environment and all life
Asbestos	Pyrolysis; Oxalic acid and ultrasounds	At temperatures over 1000 °C it turns into harmless silicate glass	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to animals via inhalation
Ascaridole	Iron(II) sulfate	Burns releasing carbon dioxide, water vapors, soot; may explode at high concentrations and high temperatures	Neutralize first	Neutralize first	Toxic to animals, parasitic worms, small animals; Occurs naturally
Ascorbic acid	Unnecessary	Releases carbon oxides and water vapor	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; Occurs naturally
Ash	Unnecessary	Not useful, already byproduct of incineration	Yes	Oh yes	Safe, biodegradable, good source of potassium for plants; Coal ash however, is harmful and contains heavy metals and other impurities; Volcanic ash is abrasive and extremely harmful for the lungs
Asphalt	Dumping in trash	Will decompose at high temperatures, releasing carbon oxides, water vapors and soot	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Asphalt is harmful for wildlife
Barbituric acid	Poured down the drain or in trash; Can be destroyed using a strong oxidizing mixture for complete neutralization	At very high temperatures decomposed to barium oxide and releases carbon dioxide	Yes, but in small amounts	Yes, but in small amounts	Harmful to the environment in short term
Barium acetate	Addition of a soluble sulfate, such as sodium, potassium or magnesium sulfate	Decomposes releasing acetone, carbon dioxide, water, leaving behind barium carbonate	Neutralize with magnesium sulfate first	Neutralize with magnesium sulfate first	Very toxic for wildlife and environment
Barium azide	Acidified sodium nitrite, nitrous acid; precipitation of barium sulfate with sodium sulfate	Melts and explodes above 160 °C releasing nitrogen and barium oxide	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Very toxic for wildlife
Barium carbonate	Sulfuric acid; Resulting BaSO4 can be dumped in trash	At very high temperatures decomposed to barium oxide and releases carbon dioxide	Not advised	Not advised	May react with acid rain to release soluble barium ions; Occurs naturally
Barium chlorate	Reduction with a reducing agent, such as sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite, followed by oxidation in open air to sulfate; Addition of excess soluble sulfate to remove any soluble barium ions	Disproportionates into perchlorate and chloride when alone; Burns when mixed with a flammable material	No	No	Toxic for environment
Barium chloride	Addition of a soluble sulfate, such as sodium, potassium or magnesium sulfate	Not useful, melts at high temperatures	Neutralize with magnesium sulfate first	Neutralize with magnesium sulfate first	Toxic for environment
Barium chromate	Precipitation of barium, reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III)	Not useful, melts at high temperatures	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Carcinogenic, toxic for environment and wildlife
Barium ferrate	Sulfuric acid	Breaks down to barium and iron oxides, which require further disposal	No	No	Dangerous to wildlife in short term (oxidizer); Releases toxic barium ions in environment
Barium hypophosphite	Diluted cooled hydrogen peroxide solution; addition of sodium sulfate	Decomposes to disodium phosphate and phosphine	Neutralize first	Neutralize first	Harmful to organisms, especially aquatic ones; soluble barium compounds are toxic
Barium manganate	Sulfuric acid	Breaks down into barium and manganese oxides	Not advised	No	Toxic to wildlife in short term (oxidizer); Will release toxic barium ions in the environment
Barium nitrate	Sodium sulfate, potassium magnesium sulfate, sulfuric acid	Breaks down into barium oxide, releasing nitrogen dioxide and oxygen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife, due to the soluble barium ions
Barium nitrite	Precipitation with sodium sulfate; Oxidation to nitrate	Breaks down to barium oxide, oxygen and nitrogen oxides at high temperatures	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife in short term; nitrites are toxic
Barium oxide	Sulfuric acid, aq. sodium/potassium/magnesium sulfate	Not useful, converts to barium peroxide, then reverts back to barium oxide	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife, due to the soluble barium ions
Barium perchlorate	Reduction with metallic iron under UV light in the absence of air; precipitation to barium sulfate, using a soluble sulfate	Oxidizes flammable materials, burning them; alone decomposes above 505 °C	DO NOT DUMP	Do NOT DUMP	Very toxic to aquatic life
Barium permanganate	Hydrogen peroxide	Decomposes to manganese dioxide at high temperatures	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	The resulting manganese and barium oxides from the decomposition can be toxic if ingested by animals
Barium peroxide	Hydrolysis with dilute sulfuric acid, followed by careful decomposition of the peroxide with iron oxide	Decomposes above 800 °C	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Peroxides are deadly to small animals; soluble barium salts are toxic
Barium sulfate	Not required	Decomposes at > 1600 °C	Yes	Yes	Low toxicity to wildlife due to its poor solubility in water; occurs naturally as the mineral barite
Basic lead chromate	May be converted to lead(II) carbonate; should be taken to disposal centers	Not useful	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to environment due to lead and Cr(VI) content
Basic lead picrate	Careful and controlled destruction using an oxidizing solution; insoluble lead wastes should be taken to hazardous waste disposal centers	Explodes, releasing lead oxide fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic to all organisms; lead is a known neurotoxin
Beeswax	Not required, can be dumped in trash or ground	Pyrolysis gives foul smelling compounds	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; nourishment for some organisms
Benzaldehyde	Incineration; Oxidation to benzoic acid; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Generates carbon oxides, water vapors, soot	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Low toxicity, but avoid releasing in environment
Benzene	Oxidation with Fenton's reagent; Incineration with afterburner incinerators	Generates dangerous combustion products	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Avoid releasing in environment
Benzocaine	Oxidation with Fenton's reagent; incineration; down the drain	Generates soot and various VOCs and PAHs	Yes	Not in large quantities	Avoid releasing in environment, effects unknown
Benzododecinium bromide	Dilute it with water	Decomposes	Dilute it first	Dilute it first	Unknown environmental effects
Benzoic acid	Not always required	Breaks down to carbon oxides, water vapors, soot; may give off benzene vapors	Yes	Yes, but not in large quantities	Decarboxylation with some compounds, such as ascorbic acid, may release traces of benzene; otherwise safe, occurs naturally
Benzonitrile	Mixed with a more flammable solvent and safely incinerated; Controlled oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Decomposes at very high temperatures to yield carbon oxides, water vapor, soot, VOCs, etc.	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Harmful to the environment
Benzophenone	Mixed with a more flammable solvent and safely incinerated; Controlled oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Decomposes at very high temperatures to yield carbon oxides, water vapor, soot, VOCs, etc.	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Harmful to the environment
Benzoquinone	Mixed with a more flammable solvent and safely incinerated; Controlled oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Decomposes at high temperatures to yield carbon oxides, water vapors, soot, VOCs, etc.	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Harmful to the environment
Benzoyl chloride	Sodium hydroxide in cooled water/crushed ice or alcohol solution	Burns at high temperatures giving off carbon dioxide, water vapors, soot and hydrogen chloride fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Very toxic and corrosive for wildlife and aquatic life; lachrymator agent
Benzyl alcohol	Mixed with a more flammable solvent and incinerated	Flammable, gives off carbon dioxide, soot and water vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Harmful for wildlife and aquatic life in large concentrations
Benzyl chloride	Sodium hydroxide in water or alcohol solution	Burns at high temperatures giving off carbon dioxide, water vapors, soot and hydrogen chloride fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Very toxic and corrosive for wildlife and aquatic life; lachrymator agent
Benzyl cyanide	Sodium hydroxide in water or alcohol solution; neutralization of cyanide with bleach	Burns at high temperatures giving off carbon dioxide, water vapors, soot and hydrogen cyanide fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Harmful for wildlife
Benzylacetone	Excess bleach, excess NaOH	Breaks down releasing carbon dioxide, water vapors, soot, PAHs	Neutralize first	Neutralize first	Relative safe, poses low toxicity
Benzylamine	Neutralization with an acid; mixed with a flammable solvent, followed by an incineration	Burns in air to release carbon dioxide, water vapor and nitrogen	DO NOT DUMP	Not recommended	Dangerous to aquatic life, albeit recognized as biodegradable
Bis(ethylenediamine)copper(II) perchlorate	Crystallize and ignite safely	Detonates	DO NOT DUMP	No	Copper kills aquatic life and plant roots
Bismuth chloride	Reduced to bismuth metal; neutralized with a base then taken to disposal centers or recovered	Hydrolyzes and releases HCl fumes in open air	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Hazardous for the environment in large quantities
Bismuth trioxide	Reduced to bismuth metal	Will oxidize anything (yes, platinum too) when molten	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	May become hazardous for the environment in large quantities
Biuret	Not always required	Gives off combustion gasses	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable
Biuret reagent	Neutralization with an acid	Gives off combustion gasses	Debatable	No	Copper and sodium ions pose toxicity to plants and animals
Black powder	Controlled incineration	Will burn to release a thick cloud of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide in open air; will detonate in a sealed container	Not recommended	Yes	Its components are already used as fertilizers and the environmental effect are similar
Borax	Not required	Dehydrates	In small quantities	In small quantities	Dangerous to small animals
Borazine	Careful hydrolysis in cold water, outside	Burns, releasing boric acid, boron nitride and nitrogen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Boric acid resulted from hydrolysis is harmful to the fauna
Boric acid	Not required	Will dehydrate it to boron trioxide	In small quantities	In small quantities	Dangerous to small animals
Borneol	Not required	Generates smoke, carbon dioxide and water vapor	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; Occurs naturally
Boron carbide	Not required	Not useful	In small quantities	In small quantities	Dangerous to small animals
Boron nitride	Not required	Not useful	In small quantities	In small quantities	Dangerous to small animals
Boron trichloride	Careful neutralization by adding it in ice cold water, floowed by neutralization with a base	Evaporates, non-flammable, not effective	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Boron compounds tend to be harmful for wildlife
Boron trioxide	Not required	Not useful; may volatilize at high temperatures	In small quantities	In small quantities	Dangerous to small animals
Brass	Recycling; Traces of brass waste can be completely dissolved with nitric acid, followed by neutralization of leftover acid, recovering copper and zinc via electrowinning	Not useful; melts above 900 °C	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Old brass may contain lead or nickel which is harmful to the environment
Bromoacetic acid	Neutralization with excess sodium hydroxide to sodium glycolate	Evaporates and burns at high temperatures, releasing toxic fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic and corrosive to most wildlife
Bromocresol green	Oxidized with a strong oxidizing solution, such as chromic acid, Fenton's reagent, piranha solution, followed by neutralization and then poured down the drain	Decomposes giving off carbon dioxide, water vapors, sulfur oxides, bromine, soot	Yes, but not recommended	No, neutralize first	May be harmful to water bodies; environmental effects unknown
Bromoform	Destruction with aqueous sodium hydroxide, which can be aided by methanol or acetone; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Evaporates, should not be attempted indoors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Dangerous to aquatic life at high concentrations, occurs naturally; May cause ozone depletion
Bromothymol blue	Oxidized with a strong oxidizing solution, such as chromic acid, Fenton's reagent, piranha solution, followed by neutralization and then poured down the drain	Decomposes giving off carbon dioxide, water vapors, sulfur oxides, bromine, soot	Yes, but not recommended	No, neutralize first	May be harmful to water bodies
Bromous acid	Reducing with a reducing agent, such as sodium metabisulfite, sulfite, bisulfite, thiosulfate	Decomposes to bromine, bromate	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Bromous acid and its decomp. products are harmful
Bronze	Recycling; Traces of bronze waste can be completely dissolved with nitric acid, followed by neutralization of leftover acid, recovering copper and tin via electrowinning	Not useful; melts above 900 °C	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Old bronze may contain arsenic, lead or nickel which is harmful to the environment
Butane	Incineration	Will burn to release carbon dioxide and water vapors	Not possible	Yes (heavier than air)	May induce greenhouse effect
Butanol	Incineration	Will burn to release carbon dioxide and water vapors	Not recommended	Not recommended	Poses toxicity to wildlife, water bodies
Butyl acetate	Incineration	Will burn to release carbon dioxide and water vapors	Not recommended	Not recommended	Poses toxicity to wildlife, water bodies
Butylated hydroxytoluene	Incineration, strong dilution	Will burn to release carbon dioxide, soot, VOCs, PAHs and water vapors	Strongly dilute it first	Strongly dilute it first	Harmful in large amounts
Butyric acid	Bicarbonates, carbonates, bases, oxides; neutralized solution can be safely poured down the drain	Flammable (high concentrations), no dangerous combustion products, though the smoke will have a rancid smell	Yes, but recommended to neutralize first	Neutralize first	Safe, biodegradable; avoid dumping large amounts, dangerous to microfauna and water bodies
C-4	Very controlled incineration, done outside or in a kiln; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent; Hot aqueous solution containing sodium hydroxide and sodium tetraborate	Ignites, gives off carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, water vapors, soot	Do not dump	Do not dump	Displays toxicity to aquatic life; RDX can be degraded by the fungus Phanaerocheate chrysosporium; binders may be harmful for organisms
Cadmium acetate	Precipitation to cadmium sulfide, taken to hazardous waste disposal centers	Decomposes at high temperatures to cadmium oxide	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic and dangerous to wildlife; Highly carcinogenic
Cadmium nitrate	Precipitation to cadmium sulfide, taken to hazardous waste disposal centers	Decomposes at high temperatures to cadmium oxide and nitrogen dioxide	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic and dangerous to wildlife; Highly carcinogenic
Cadmium oxide	Precipitation to cadmium sulfide, taken to hazardous waste disposal centers	Decomposes and sublimes at high temperatures	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic and dangerous to wildlife; Highly carcinogenic
Cadmium sulfate	Precipitation to cadmium sulfide, taken to hazardous waste disposal centers	Decomposes at high temperatures to basic sulfate then cadmium oxide releasing sulfur oxides	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Very toxic and dangerous to wildlife; Highly carcinogenic
Caesium azide	Sodium nitrite, nitrous acid; recycling of caesium	Breaks down to caesium metal and gives off nitrogen gas	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Very toxic for wildlife
Caesium chloride	Recycling; Taken to waste disposal centers	Not useful in any way	Yes, though best to recycle it	Yes	Dangerous to organisms in very high concentrations; Caesium ions have similar toxicity to those of sodium and potassium
Caesium hydroxide	Neutralization with any acid, carbon dioxide; recycling;	Not useful; highly corrosive when hot to glass, most common metals	Yes, though best to recycle it	Yes, though best to recycle it	Dangerous to wildlife in short term (highly corrosive); Caesium ions have similar toxicity to those of sodium and potassium
Caffeine	Not required; Can be dumped almost anywhere	Sublimes; Oxidation Generates carbon oxides, water vapors, soot	Yes	Yes	Toxic to small animals, addictive to large organisms; biodegradable; occurs naturally
Calcium acetate	Pyrolysis; Not always required	Decomposes to calcium carbonate and acetone at high temperature, which burns in an oxygen-rich atmosphere	Yes	Yes	Biodegradable
Calcium bicarbonate	Any acid; not always required	Not useful; breaks down into calcium carbonate and carbon dioxide as the solution is heated	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; occurs naturally
Calcium carbide	Lots of water in an open space; low chain alcohols	Not useful	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Dangerous to wildlife in short term (reacts with water); may also release phosphine gas if carbide sample is impure
Calcium carbonate	Any acid; not always required	Not useful; breaks down into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide at high temperatures	Yes, as powder	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; occurs naturally
Calcium chloride	Not required; Any soluble carbonate	Not useful; May release some HCl fumes if wet	Yes	Yes	Chloride ions may be harmful to certain plants
Calcium chromate	Neutralization with a reducing agent, such as ascorbic acid sodium metabisulfite, sulfite, bisulfite at acidic pH	Decomposes, releasing oxygen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Cr(VI) ions are powerful carcinogens and very toxic to organisms
Calcium cyanamide	Lots of water	Not useful; Sublimes at very high temperatures	Yes, though not recommended	Yes	Slowly hydrolyzes to urea, which is a good plant fertilizer
Calcium fluoride	Not required	Unnecessary	Not useful	Yes	Safe to environment, occurs naturally
Calcium gluconate	Not required	Will result in calcium carbonate and give off carbon dioxide and water vapors at high temperatures	Yes	Yes	Not dangerous to wildlife
Calcium hydride	Neutralization with a concentrated alkali or carbonate solution, alcohols, long chain alcohols are preferred; water vapor can also be used; best performed in an open area	Decomposes to release hydrogen at very high temperatures	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Corrosive to organisms, toxic to animals
Calcium hydroxide	Any acid	Will dehydrate to calcium oxide at high temperatures	Yes	No	Will "burn" grassland on contact
Calcium hypochlorite	Sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite	Disproportionates into chlorate and chloride; will release chlorine and chlorine dioxide fumes	Yes	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to all wildlife
Calcium nitrate	Not required; soluble carbonate or sulfate solution can be used if necessary	Not useful	Yes	OH YES	Good source of nitrogen for plants (fertilizer); May cause algal bloom in water bodies
Calcium oxide	Plenty of cold water, carbon dioxide, sodium/potassium bicarbonate	No	Do not dump	Do not dump	Burns grass on contact
Calcium perchlorate	Mixing it with a combustible material, like sugar and incineration	Will decompose at high temperatures to release oxygen	Do not dump	Do not dump	Toxic to plants
Calcium propionate	Not required; can be poured down the drain or dumped in trash	Will decompose at high temperatures to release various ketones, carbon oxides, water vapors	Yes	Yes	Large quantities are harmful to water bodies and small animals
Calcium sulfate	Not required; soluble carbonate solution can be used if gypsum is not desired as waste product	Becomes anhydrous at high temperatures (drierite); decomposes to calcium oxide at very high temperatures	Yes, with lots and lots of water	Yes	Anhydrous or hemihydrate form may burn grass on contact
Camphor	Not required	Generates smoke, carbon dioxide and water vapor	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; Occurs naturally
Capsaicin	Not required at low concentrations; high concentrations may require an oxidizer, like bleach	Generates irritant smoke, carbon dioxide, soot and water vapor	Yes	Yes	Harmful for mammals at high concentrations, otherwise relative safe, biodegradable; Occurs naturally
Carbon dioxide	Not required; Alkali hydroxides	Not necessary	Not possible (gaseous form), safe to pour (water solution)	Not possible (gaseous form), safe to pour (water solution)	Contributes to global warming
Carbon disulfide	Incineration, followed by scrubbing of sulfur dioxide (optional)	Burns in presence of oxygen, releasing carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife
Carbon monoxide	Oxidation with ozone; adsorbtion on activated charcoal; absorbtion in a solution of cuprous chloride in hydrochloric acid or cuprous chloride in ammonia	Not useful; burns in the presence of oxygen and hydrogen	Not possible	Not possible	Toxic to animals
Carbon tetrachloride	Sodium hydroxide excess; oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Results in phosgene in the presence of air	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic to wildlife, sinks at the bottom of water bodies
Carbonic acid	Any base	Releases carbon dioxide fumes	Yes	Yes	Toxic to aquatic life in large quantities
Carminic acid	Not always required, any method will do	Decomposes, releases combustion gasses, POCs and VOCs	Yes	Yes	Low toxicity, occurs naturally
Cellulose	Any disposal method	Burns in air; decomposes to release carbon oxides, water vapors	Not recommended, may clog the plumbing	Yes, but avoid water bodies; bury it in ground instead	Safe, biodegradable; avoid dumping large amounts, as it poses choking hazard to most animals
Cerium(IV) oxide	Unnecessary, simply dump in trash; recycle	Releases absorbed water	Do not dump	Do not dump	Effects unknown, may be toxic
Charcoal	Burning, dumping in ground	Results in carbon dioxide and ash	DO NOT DUMP	OH YES!	Unless it adsorbed dangerous volatile compounds or heavy metals, it can be used as a fertilizer
Chevreul's salt	Oxidation with hydrogen peroxide to sulfate, followed by precipitation or reduction of copper ions to metal or hydroxide/oxide	Gives off water vapors when heated and sulfur oxides at very high temperatures	Not recommended	Not recommended	Little is known about its environmental effect; it is used as a fungicide and molluscicide
Chloric acid	Reducing with sodium sulfite, metabisulfite, bisulfite	Breaks down to perchloric acid and chlorine oxides	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Strong oxidizing, toxic and corrosive to all wildlife and everything organic
Chlorine dioxide	Reduction with metabisulfite, sulfite or bisulfite	Evaporates and may explode	Do not dump	Do not dump	Toxic to all organisms, biocide
Chloroacetamide	Neutralization with excess sodium hydroxide to sodium glycolate products	Decomposes high temperatures, releasing toxic fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic and corrosive to most wildlife, used as herbicide
Chloroacetic acid	Neutralization with excess sodium hydroxide to sodium glycolate	Evaporates and burns at high temperatures, releasing toxic fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic and corrosive to most wildlife
Chloroacetone	Neutralization with a cooled solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide	Evaporates and burns at high temperatures, releasing extremely toxic and lachrymator fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic and corrosive to most wildlife
Chloroauric acid	Reduction with a reducing agent, such as ascorbic acid, metabisulfite, sulfur dioxide	Gives off hydrogen chloride gases and leaves gold powder behind	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Dangerous to wildlife; Best to try to recycle it
Chlorobenzene	Neutralization with Fenton's reagent; biodegradation with the bacterium Rhodococcus phenolicus	Gives off hydrogen chloride fumes during burning/pyrolysis, as well as various POCs and soot	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife; chlorobenzene can persist in soil for several months, in air for about 3.5 days, and in water for less than one day
Chlorobutanol	Reducing with alkali hydroxide or magnesium, followed by incineration	Gives off hydrogen chloride fumes during burning/pyrolysis	Not recommended	Not recommended	Toxic to wildlife
Chloroform	Destruction with aqueous sodium hydroxide, which can be aided by methanol or acetone; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Boils to form vapor, should not be attempted indoors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	May cause ozone depletion, dangerous to aquatic life
Chloromethane	Release outside in atmosphere; Photolysis; Destruction with aqueous sodium hydroxide, oxidation with Fenton's reagent (for solutions)	Not useful	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	May cause ozone depletion, dangerous to land and aquatic life
Chloroplatinic acid	Reduction to platinum metal, followed by recovery of the precious metal	Breaks down to platinum(II) chloride, then platinum metal	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to organisms
Chlorous acid	Reducing with a reducing agent, such as sodium metabisulfite, sulfite, bisulfite, thiosulfate	Decomposes to perchloric acid, hydrogen chloride, chlorine dioxide, oxygen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Chlorous acid is a biocide
Chromic acid	Reducing with a reducing agent, such as sodium metabisulfite, sulfite, bisulfite, ascorbic acid	Decomposes to Cr2O3, releases oxygen and water vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Cr(VI) ions are carcinogenic and very toxic to organisms
Chromium(III) chloride	Precipitation with a base; can be dumped in the trash, taken to a waste disposal facility or recycled	Melts and decomposes at high temperatures	Do not dump	Do not dump	Moderate toxicity for the environment
Chromium(III) oxide	Not required; can be dumped in the trash	At temperatures ~1000 °C it will become inert against the action of most reagents	Do not dump	Not recommended	Low reactivity, low danger for environment
Chromium(III) sulfate	Precipitation with a soluble hydroxide, followed by calcination to chromium(III) oxide	Not useful	Do not dump	Do not dump	Dangerous to wildlife in large amounts
Chromium(VI) oxide peroxide	Hydrolysis	Decomposes to harmless Cr(III)	Yes	Yes, but not recommended	Due to its instability, it poses low danger to environment
Chromium trioxide	Dissolving it in water and reducing with a reducing agent, such as sodium metabisulfite, sulfite, bisulfite, ascorbic acid at acidic pH	Decomposes to Cr2O3, releases oxygen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Cr(VI) ions are carcinogenic and very toxic to organisms
Chromyl chloride	A supersaturated solution of a reducing agent, such as sodium sulfite, metabisulfite or thiosulfate at acidic pH	Not useful, boils off and fumes in contact with air moisture	DO NOT DUMP!	DO NOT DUMP!	Corrosive and deadly to all wildlife; Lowers soil pH; Corrosive to rocks, soil; Carcinogenic
Citric acid	Any base, carbonate, bicarbonate, alkaline-earth oxide	Gives off carbon dioxide and water vapors	Yes	Yes	In wet environment it acts as fungi growth environment
Coal	Dumped in trash, incineration, taken to waste disposal centers	Gives off carbon dioxide and water vapors, leaving ash behind	DO NOT DUMP	Some types can be	Coal ash is harmful for the environement
Cobalt(II) chloride	Any soluble hydroxide, carbonate	May give off hydrogen chloride fumes in the presence of water	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife; classified as "Substance of very high concern" in the EU
Cobalt(II) sulfate	Any soluble hydroxide, carbonate; Taken to disposal centers	Gives off sulfur oxides fumes and sulfuric acid vapors, leaving behind cobalt oxide residue	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife, suspected carcinogen
Cobalt (III) oxide	Not required	Not useful	Do not dump	Do not dump	Cobalt is necessary for vitamin B12 production
Copper chromite	Not always required; can be dumped in trash	Not useful	Not recommended	Not recommended	Unknown environmental effects
Copper citrate	Recover copper via reduction; Discard in trash	Decomposes to copper oxide and releases various gasses	Yes, in small quantities	Yes, in small quantities	High levels of copper are dangerous to wildlife
Copper oxychloride	Reduction with a iron or zinc to metallic copper	Gives off HCl fumes and leaves behind CuO slag	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Generally toxic to wildlife
Copper(I) acetylide	Addition of water, followed by careful addition of acid	Detonates	DO NOT DUMP!	DO NOT DUMP!	Copper ions may be harmful for wildlife and plants
Copper(I) chloride	Oxidizing with air/oxygen or H2O2 to the more soluble CuCl2, followed by reduction to metallic copper with iron or zinc.	May hydrolyze in the presence of water and air to give off hydrogen chloride fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Oxidizes to copper(II) chloride in the presence of air, which is toxic and corrosive in water
Copper(I) oxide	Dissolving it in an acid, followed by reduction to metallic copper	Not useful	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Generally considered harmful to wildlife
Copper(II) acetate	Reduction with iron or zinc to metallic copper, which is recycled	Gives off carbon oxides, water, acetic acid and acetone vapors	Not recommended	DO NOT DUMP	Unknown effects in the environment; presence of copper ions however is generally considered harmful
Copper(II) acetylsalicylate	Pyrolysis, incineration, oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Gives off carbon oxides and water vapors, as well as soot and VOCs	Not recommended	Not recommended	Unknown effects in the environment; presence of copper ions however is generally considered harmful
Copper(II) carbonate	Not required; can be neutralized with an acid and reduced to metallic copper	Will give off carbon dioxide fumes and leave CuO residues	Do not dump	DO NOT DUMP	Copper ions are considered harmful to the environment
Copper(II) chloride	Precipitate as carbonate or reduce to copper metal using aluminium, iron or zinc	Loses water and hydrogen chloride, turns brown	DO NOT DUMP	Yes, but far from any agricultural plants	Kills aquatic life and plant roots
Copper(II) hydroxide	Reduction to metallic copper	Loses water, yielding CuO	Do not dump	Only as agricultural product	Copper ions are considered harmful to most wildlife
Copper(II) nitrate	Any alkali or ammonium hydroxide, carbonate	Gives off nitrogen oxide and nitric acid fumes, leaving copper oxides/hydroxides slag	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Copper ions may be harmful to wildlife; the nitrate group is a nitrogen source for plants
Copper(II) oxide	Dissolving it in an acid, followed by reduction to metallic copper	Not useful	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Generally considered harmful to wildlife
Copper(II) phosphate	Not always required	May decompose to copper oxide and phosphorus oxides at high temperatures, or elemental phosphorus in the presence of a reducing agent	Not recommended	Not recommended	Due to low solubility, it has lower toxicity than other copper compounds
Copper(II) sulfate	Reduction with aluminium, iron or zinc to metallic copper	Loses water when heated, releases sulfur trioxide at high temperatures, leaving behind CuO	Not recommended	Only as agricultural product	Shows toxicity to pests, wildlife
Curcumin	Not required	Releases carbon oxides and water vapors, as well as soot	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; occurs naturally
Cyanogen	Incineration outside; oxidation with an oxidizing solution	Flammable, burns in the presence of oxygen to release carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Deadly to wildlife
Cyanuric acid	Not required; Any base, carbonate, bicarbonate, alkaline-earth oxide can be used if desired	Gives off carbon dioxide and water vapors	Yes	Yes	Low environmental impact
Cyclam	Oxidation with Fenton's reagent or piranha solution	Generates carbon oxides, water vapor, soot and nitrogen vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Considered to be harmful, but little is known about its toxicity
Cyclen	Oxidation with Fenton's reagent or piranha solution	Generates carbon oxides, water vapor, soot and nitrogen vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Considered to be harmful, but little is known about its toxicity
Cyclohexane	Dilution with a flammable solvent and incineration; oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Flammable, burns in the presence of oxygen to release carbon oxides, water vapors, soot and VOCs	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife
Cyclohexanol	Dilution with a flammable solvent and incineration; oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Flammable, burns in the presence of oxygen to release carbon oxides, water vapors, soot and VOCs	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife
Cyclohexanone	Dilution with a flammable solvent and incineration	Flammable, burns in the presence of oxygen to release carbon oxides, water vapors, soot and VOCs	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Low toxicity to organisms, but may be harmful to wildlife
Decalin	Mixed with a more flammable solvent and incinerated	Ignites at high temperatures and generates carbon oxides, water vapors, carbon monoxide, soot, VOCs	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Harmful to wildlife and water bodies
Decane	Incineration; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Ignites in air, gives off carbon dioxide and water vapors, soot	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to aquatic life and organisms
Devarda's alloy	Dissolved in acid, followed by recovery of copper and zinc Dumped in trash	Melts between 490 to 560 °C	Not recommended	Do not dump	Toxic to wildlife
Dextrin	Any disposal method	Decomposes to release carbon oxides, water vapors	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable
Diatomaceous earth	Any disposal method	Not effective	Yes	Yes	Toxic to small animals, otherwise relative safe
Diborane	Burned outside or in an incinerator; hydrolysis in water	Self-ignites in air above 38 °C	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Boron compounds tend to be harmful for wildlife
Dichlorine heptoxide	Careful dissolving in cold water/crushed ice, followed by neutralization with base; Reduction with metabisulfite, sulfite or bisulfite	Evaporates and may explode	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to all organisms, corrosive, toxic
Dichloroacetic acid	Neutralization and dehalogenation with excess sodium hydroxide; Reduction with metallic powders to acetic acid	Evaporates and burns at high temperatures, releasing toxic fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic and corrosive to most wildlife
Dichloromethane	Destruction with aqueous sodium hydroxide, iron can also be used; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Boils to form vapor; pyrolysis at high temperatures yielding chlorine, hydrochloric acid and carbon monoxide	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	May cause ozone depletion, dangerous to aquatic life
Dicyanoacetylene	Incineration done outside	Extremely flammable, burns to release carbon dioxide, nitrogen gas and lots of heat	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	May be harmful to wildlife
Diethanolamine	Mixed with a more flammable solvent and incinerated	Yields carbon oxides, water vapor at high temperatures	Strongly diluted	Not recommended	Toxic to organisms, dangerous to aquatic and soil life
Diethyl ether	Incineration (no peroxides); Adding excess ferrous sulfate, sodium bisulfite or metabisulfite to neutralize the peroxides, followed by incineration; If the bottle has peroxides on the cap, do not open it, instead safely detonate it in a remote or special area	Extremely flammable, burns to release carbon dioxide and water vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Dangerous to animals
Difluoroacetic acid	Neutralization with base, bacterial degradation, decarboxylation, taken to waste disposal centers	Decomposes, releases combustion gasses, HF, methylene fluoride	DO NOT DUMP!	DO NOT DUMP!	Displays moderate toxicity to most organisms
Diisopropyl ether	Incineration (no peroxides); Adding excess ferrous sulfate, sodium bisulfite or metabisulfite to neutralize the peroxides, followed by incineration; If the bottle has peroxides on the cap, do not open it, instead safely detonate it in a remote or special area	Extremely flammable, burns to release carbon dioxide and water vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Dangerous to animals
Dimethyl dioxane	Incineration (no peroxides); Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis with sulfuric acid; If peroxides are present, addition of excess ferrous sulfate, sodium bisulfite or metabisulfite to neutralize the peroxides, followed by incineration; If the bottle has peroxides on the cap, do not open it, instead safely detonate it in a remote or special area	Incineration produces carbon dioxide and water vapor	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Unknown, possibly carcinogenic
Dimethyl ether	Incineration; can be released in open air	Extremely flammable, burns to release carbon dioxide and water vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Low toxicity to wildlife
Dimethyl sulfate	Addition in large amounts of water or crushed ice, followed by addition of aq. alkali	Decomposes to dimethyl sulfate, DO NOT CALCINATE	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Corrosive and toxic
Dimethyl sulfoxide	Mixed with a more flammable solvent, followed by incineration; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent if it has too much water	Results in carbon oxides, water vapors and sulfur dioxide	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Waste water bacteria breaks it down into dimethyl sulfide, which is slightly toxic and has a strong disagreeable odor
Dimethyldioxirane	Ferrous sulfate, sodium metabisulfite, bleach	Diluted solutions will break down harmlessly	Safe, though best to neutralize it first	Neutralize first	Harmful for most organisms; acetone has low toxicity
Dimethylformamide	Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Gives off toxic fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife
Dimethylzinc	Very controlled hydrolysis, using alcohols	Ignites in open air; Decomposes above 200 °C	DO NOT DUMP!	DO NOT DUMP!	Zinc oxide fumes are harmful
Dinitrogen pentoxide	Addition to large amounts of cold water; neutralization with a base	Decomposes giving off nitrogen oxide fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Very corrosive to all organisms, may cause fires or explosions
Dinitrogen tetroxide	Addition to large amounts of cold water; neutralization with a base	Decomposes to nitrogen dioxide	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Very corrosive to all organisms, may cause fires or explosions
Dinitrogen trioxide	Addition to large amounts of cold water; neutralization with a base	Decomposes to nitrogen dioxide	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Very corrosive to all organisms, may cause fires or explosions
Diphenylamine	Dissolved in a flammable solvent and burned in an incinerator; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Gives off carbon oxides, soot, nitrogen and or nitrogen oxides and water vapor	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to most wildlife
Diphenylmethanol	Mixed with a more flammable solvent and incinerated	Flammable, gives off carbon dioxide, PAHs, soot and water vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Potentially harmful for wildlife and aquatic life in large concentrations
Dipicolinic acid	Mixed with a more flammable solvent and followed by incineration	Gives off carbon oxides, water vapors and soot	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; occurs naturally
Dipotassium phosphate	Not required; Excess slaked lime can be used to precipitate calcium phosphate	Decomposes on heating at high temperatures to release water vapors, leaving a residue of potassium and phosphorus oxides	Yes	Oh yes	Safe, good fertilizer (potassium and phosphorus source)
Disulfur dichloride	Slaked lime or any other base, carbonate or bicarbonate	Boils off	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic and corrosive
Di-tert-butyl ether	Incineration	Extremely flammable, burns to release carbon dioxide and water vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Displays toxicity to wildlife
Dynamite	"Wetting" with a solvent, extraction of nitro and very careful neutralization of it; addition of more diatomaceous earth to further absorb the nitro	Will explode	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Explosive hazard; otherwise good nitrogen source for plants
Dysprosium(III) nitrate	Precipitation with a base; recycling; separation can be done with a magnet, if no other magnetic salts are present	Decomposes to dysprosium(III) oxide, releases nitrogen dioxide	Do not dump	Do not dump	Effects unknown, may be toxic
Eosin Y	Not always required, any method will do	Decomposes, releases combustion gasses, POCs and VOCs	Yes	Yes	Unknown environmental effects
Erbium(III) oxide	Unnecessary, simply dump in trash	Releases absorbed water or carbon dioxide	Do not dump	Do not dump	Effects unknown, may be toxic
Eriochrome Black T	Poured down the drain	Decomposes giving off carbon and sulfur oxides, nitrogen, water, soot, VOCs	Yes	Yes, but not recommended	Environmental effects are currently unknown
Erythritol	Not required	Yields carbon oxides, water vapors	Yes	Yes	Low toxicity
Erythritol tetranitrate	Cooled aqueous solution of excess sodium hydroxide	Detonates at temperatures > 160 °C	Do not dump	In small amounts	Dangerous to animals due to its vasodilator effects; harmless to plants, nitrogen source for plant life
Ethane	Incineration	Flammable, gives off carbon dioxide and water vapors	Not possible	Not possible	Contributes to greenhouse effect
Ethanol	Not always required; Incineration	Yields carbon oxides, water vapor	Yes	Not recommended	Deadly to small animals on direct contact, dangerous to aquatic and soil life
Ethanolamine	Mixed with a more flammable solvent and incinerated	Yields carbon oxides, water vapor at high temperatures	Strongly diluted	Not recommended	Toxic to organisms, dangerous to aquatic and soil life
Ethenone	Absorbtion in aq. basic solution	Burns, releasing carbon oxides, water vapors	Not possible	DO NOT DUMP	Deadly to all living things, dangerous to aquatic and soil life, as it acidifies water
Ethyl acetate	Sodium hydroxide; Incineration	Combustion in the presence of air	Do not dump	Do not dump	Toxic to aquatic life
Ethyl formate	Incineration	Gives off carbon dioxide and water vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Hazardous to environment in large amounts
Ethyl iodide	Alkali solution, followed by sodium thiosulfate to remove any free iodine	Decomposes to release iodine fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Dangerous to wildlife in high concentrations
Ethyl nitrate	Diluted alkali solution, recommended to be cooled first to prevent possible explosion	Will lead to explosion	No	No	Dangerous to wildlife
Ethylamine	Incineration	Burns in air, giving off carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water vapors	Not recommended	Not recommended	Amines can be source of nitrogen for plants, but may be harmful to fauna and water bodies
Ethylene	Incineration	Flammable, gives off carbon dioxide and water vapors	Not possible	Not possible	Contributes to greenhouse effect
Ethylene glycol	Incineration	Gives off carbon oxides, water vapors and various volatile componds	Not recommended	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to organisms, dangerous to aquatic life
Ethylene glycol dinitrate	Sodium hydroxide, followed by incineration	Detonation	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Poses threat to animals, weak nitrogen source for plants
Ethylene oxide	Incineration; Hydrolysis	Burns, giving off combustion gases	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic and dangerous for all wildlife
Ethylenediamine	Neutralization with sulfuric acid; mixed with a flammable solvent, followed by an incineration; oxidation with potassium permanganate, followed by addition of sodium bisulfite, and neutralization with sodium hydroxide	Burns in air to release carbon dioxide, water vapor and nitrogen	DO NOT DUMP	Not recommended	Dangerous to aquatic life
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid	Poured down the drain if not bonded with heavy metals; otherwise taken to waste disposal centers	Breaks down to give carbon oxides, water vapor, various amines, soot	Yes	Yes, but not recommended	Displays some toxicity to many organisms lifeforms, dangerous to water bodies; can be broken down slowly by various microorganisms
Ethylenedinitramine	Incineration, done outside; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Ignites, gives off carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, water vapors, soot	Do not dump	Do not dump	Little information is given on its environmental impact
Eucalyptol	Incineration if desired; not always required, can be poured down the drain	Releases carbon dioxide, monoxide, water vapors and soot; Burns in rich oxygen atmosphere	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; Occurs naturally in various plants, like eucalyptus, peppermint, etc.
Fehling's solution	Precipitate copper with hydroxide/phosphate, recycle or safely dispose of; tatrate can be disposed of in any method	Decomposes, releases combustion gasses, leaves behind copper, sodium and potassium carbonate slag	Yes	Yes, but not in large quantities	Too much copper is dangerous for animals
Ferrocerium	Recycled Dumped in trash	Melts	Not recommended	Possible, though not recommended	Lanthanides show low toxicity to organisms
Ferroin	Dilution then poured down the drain	Decomposes	Dilute first	Dilute first	Phenanthroline is harmful to environment in high concentration
Ferulic acid	Mixed with a more flammable solvent and followed by incineration	Gives off carbon oxides, water vapors and soot	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; occurs naturally
Fluorenone	Mixed with a more flammable solvent and safely incinerated; Controlled oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Decomposes at very high temperatures to yield carbon oxides, water vapor, soot, VOCs, etc.	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Possibly harmful to the environment
Fluorescein	Not always required, any method will do	Decomposes, releases combustion gasses, POCs and VOCs	Yes	Yes	Unknown effects
Fluoroacetic acid	Decarboxylation, bacterial degradation	Decomposes, releases combustion gasses, HF, methyl fluoride	DO NOT DUMP!	DO NOT DUMP!	Extremely toxic and deadly to insects and mammals, less so to reptiles and birds
Fluoroboric acid	Slowly and carefully added to cold calcium hydroxide solution	Decomposes in moist air releasing hydrogen fluoride	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely corrosive and toxic to all organisms
Fluorosulfuric acid	Slowly and carefully added to cold water or crushed ice, followed by neutralization with a base	Decomposes in moist air releasing sulfuric acid and hydrogen fluoride	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely corrosive and toxic to all organisms
Formaldehyde	Sodium hydroxide	Boils off	DO NOT DUMP	Yes, but only in some places, like farm land	Toxic to small animals, carcinogenic
Formamide	Dilution in a more flammable solvent, followed by incineration; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Gives off carbon monoxide, dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife, teratogen
Formic acid	Sodium hydroxide	Gives off carbon monoxide and water vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Deadly to insects and aquatic life; reason why it's used to kill varroa
FOX-7	Incineration, done outside; Dilution, followed by addition of base, then neutralization of products	Ignites, gives off carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, water vapors, soot	Do not dump	Do not dump	Little information about its environmental impact is available
Fructose	Not required	Will decompose to caramel	Yes	Yes	Non-toxic to environment, nourishment for many organisms
Fumaric acid	Not always required, can be dumped in trash	Decomposes releasing acrid smoke, carbon oxides, water vapors and soot	Yes	Yes	Source of food for some organisms
Furan‎	Dilution with a flammable solvent followed by incineration	Gives off carbon oxides and water vapor	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Harmful to wildlife, carcinogenic
Furfural‎	Incineration	Gives off carbon oxides and water vapor	Debatable	Debatable	Low toxicity to wildlife
Galactitol	Not required	Yields carbon oxides, water vapors	Yes	Yes	Low toxicity
Gasoline	Incineration	Burning gives combustion gasses as well as soot, carbon monoxide and various VOCs	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife; very dangerous for aquatic life
Gelatin	Not required	Pyrolysis gives foul smelling compounds	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; nourishment for many organisms
Gelignite		Will explode	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Explosive hazard; otherwise good nitrogen source for plants
Glucose	Not required; can be disposed in any way	Will decompose to caramel and carbon if heated too long	Yes	Yes	Non-toxic to environment, nourishment for many organisms
Glutamic acid	Not required; can be disposed in any way	Will char and release carbon dioxide, water vapors and nitrogen	Yes	Yes	Non-toxic to environment, nourishment for many organisms
Glycerol	Not required; Incineration	Pyrolysis gives acrolein	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable
Glycine	Not required; can be disposed in any way	Will char and release carbon dioxide, water vapors and nitrogen	Yes	Yes	Non-toxic to environment, nourishment for many organisms
Glycolic acid	Not required; can be disposed in any way	Will char and release carbon dioxide, water vapors	Yes	Yes	Low-toxicity for the environment
Glycoluril	Not required; can be disposed in any way	Will char and release carbon dioxide, water vapors	Yes	Yes	Low-toxicity for the environment
Glyoxal	Incineration; Precipitation with amines (urea, guanidine, etc.)	Burns, releasing carbon oxides and water vapors; some will evaporate when heated	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to the wildlife, suspected carcinogen
Guanidine	Not required, can be discarded in any way	Pyrolysis gives nitrogen and carbon oxides	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable
Guanidinium bicarbonate	Not required, can be dumped in ground; Pyrolysis done outside	Pyrolysis gives nitrogen, water and carbon/nitrogen oxides	Yes, but not recommended	Yes	Safe, nitrogen source for plants; Guanidine derivates occur in guano
Guanidinium carbonate	Not required, can be dumped in ground; Pyrolysis done outside	Pyrolysis gives nitrogen, water and carbon/nitrogen oxides	Yes, but not recommended	Yes	Safe, nitrogen source for plants; Guanidine derivates occur in guano
Guanidinium chloride	Not required; Careful and controlled pyrolysis	Pyrolysis gives nitrogen, water, chlorine and carbon/nitrogen oxides	Yes, but not recommended	Yes	Safe, nitrogen source for plants; Guanidine derivates occur in guano; Chlorides however are harmful for plants in large amounts
Guanidinium nitrate	Not required, can be dumped in ground; Careful and controlled pyrolysis	Pyrolysis gives nitrogen, water and carbon/nitrogen oxides; may explode at high temperatures	Not recommended	Yes	Safe, nitrogen source for plants; Guanidine derivates occur in guano
Guanidinium perchlorate	Careful and controlled pyrolysis Reduction with metallic iron under UV light, in low oxygen	Pyrolysis gives nitrogen, water, chlorine and carbon/nitrogen oxides; may explode at high temperatures	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Perchlorates are harmful for the environment
Guanidinium sulfate	Not required, can be dumped in ground; Pyrolysis done outside	Pyrolysis gives nitrogen, water and carbon/nitrogen/sulfur oxides	Yes, but not recommended	Yes	Safe, nitrogen and sulfur source for plants; Guanidine derivates occur in guano
Guar gum	Not required	Pyrolysis gives foul smelling compounds	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; nourishment for many organisms
Gum arabic	Not required	Pyrolysis gives foul smelling compounds	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; nourishment for many organisms
Haematoxylin	Not required	Gives off carbon oxides, water vapor and soot	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; occurs naturally
Hematein	Not required	Gives off carbon oxides, water vapor and soot	Yes	Yes	Safe
Heptane	Incineration; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Gives off carbon dioxide and water vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to aquatic life and organisms
Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine	Adding a mixture of zinc sulfate, copper(II) chloride with Zn and Cu powder in a 5:5:1 ratio to the peroxide solution, in the presence of small amounts of sulfuric acid	Do not use heat, as it will lead to detonation	DO NOT DUMP	Debatable	Slowly breaks down to harmless products
Hexamethylphosphoramide	Treatment with hydrochloric acid; dilution of resulting products, followed by disposal	Breaks down yielding phosphine, phosphorus oxides and nitrogen oxides.	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Carcinogenic
Hexamine	Incineration	Burning in air yields carbon oxides, water vapor, nitrogen; Pyrolysis yields formaldehyde, carbon oxides, ammonia and nitrogen fumes, HCN (t > 800°C)	Yes	Yes	Nitrogen source for plants
Hexane	Incineration; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Results in carbon dioxide and water vapor	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to aquatic life
Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane	Incineration, done outside	Ignites, gives off carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, water vapors, soot	Do not dump	Do not dump	Little information about its environmental impact
HMX	Incineration, done outside; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent; Hot aqueous solution containing sodium hydroxide and sodium tetraborate	Ignites, gives off carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, water vapors, soot	Do not dump	Do not dump	Displays moderate toxicity to aquatic life; can be degraded by some microorganisms
Holmium citrate	Recycling	Gives off carbon dioxide and water vapors, leaving holmium(III) oxide behind	Not recommended	Not recommended	Low toxicity to wildlife
Hydrazine	Diluted solution of calcium hypochlorite	Gives off toxic fumes; may lead to detonation if temperature is too high	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to all life
Hydrazine hydrochloride	Diluted solution of calcium hypochlorite	Gives off toxic fumes; may lead to detonation if temperature is too high	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to all life
Hydrazine nitrate	Diluted in lots of water, followed by slow addition of a solution of calcium hypochlorite	Decomposes, gives off toxic fumes; may lead to detonation if temperature is too high	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to all life
Hydrazine perchlorate	Diluted in lots of water, followed by slow addition of a solution of calcium hypochlorite	Decomposes, gives off toxic fumes; may lead to detonation if temperature is too high	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to all life
Hydrazine sulfate	Diluted solution of calcium hypochlorite	Gives off toxic fumes; may lead to detonation if temperature is too high	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to all life
Hydrazoic acid	Sodium nitrite or nitrous acid	Will lead to detonation for concentrated solutions	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Dangerous to all life
Hydrobromic acid	Any base, carbonate, bicarbonate; sodium thiosulfate can also be used	Boils off the acid, resulting in extremely toxic and corrosive fumes; will lead to decomposition to elemental bromine	NO! Neutralize first	NO! Neutralize first	Toxic and very corrosive
Hydrochloric acid	Any alkali or alkaline-earth carbonate, bicarbonate	DON'T! Results in acidic vapors, extremely dangerous and corrosive	NO! Neutralize first	NO!	Toxic to wildlife and corrosive to minerals
Hydrofluoric acid	Calcium hydroxide, carbonate	DON'T! Results in acidic fumes, which on contact with skin will lead to burns and death	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Calcium fluoride is more inert than most fluorides and poses little toxicity to wildlife; occurs naturally
Hydrogen bromide	Any base, carbonate, bicarbonate; for gaseous form, ammonia can be used, though will result in a dense mist; sodium thiosulfate can be used for removing free bromine	DON'T! Will lead to extremely dangerous and corrosive fumes, which will decompose, resulting bromine vapors	NO! Neutralize first	NO! Neutralize first	Corrosive to organisms and rocks; Bromides have little effect to wildlife
Hydrogen chloride	Any base, carbonate, bicarbonate; for gaseous form, ammonia can be used, though will result in a dense ammonium chloride mist	NO	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Corrosive for rocks, toxic for all wildlife
Hydrogen cyanide	Absorbtion in water, base, followed by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, bleach, sodium thiosulfate to less harmful compounds, continued by oxidation to carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas	Burns if ignited, but excess oxygen is required for complete burning	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Highly toxic for all wildlife
Hydrogen fluoride	Calcium hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate; for gaseous form, excess ammonia can be used, though will result in a dense ammonium fluoride mist; further treatment with calcium hydroxide, carbonate will convert it to the more safe CaF2	NO	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Corrosive for all life, inorganic materials, toxic for all wildlife
Hydrogen iodide	Any base, carbonate, bicarbonate; for gaseous form, ammonia can be used, though will result in a dense mist; sodium thiosulfate can also be used	DON'T! Will lead to extremely dangerous and corrosive fumes, which will decompose, resulting iodine vapors	NO! Neutralize first	NO! Neutralize first	Corrosive to organisms and rocks; Iodides have little toxicity to wildlife
Hydrogen peroxide	Manganese dioxide, iron(III) oxide	Diluted solutions will break down harmlessly; Very concentrated solutions may explode if contaminated	Not if concentrated solutions	DO NOT DUMP	Deadly for microbial life, extremely toxic for small animals and aquatic life
Hydrogen sulfide	Hydrogen peroxide; sulfur dioxide	Not useful	DO NOT DUMP	Not recommended	Very toxic for animals at high concentrations; Occurs naturally, but at low concentrations
Hydroiodic acid	Any alkali or alkaline-earth carbonate, bicarbonate	DON'T! Will lead to extremely dangerous and corrosive fumes, which will decompose, resulting iodine vapors	NO! Neutralize first	NO! Neutralize first	Corrosive to organisms and rocks; Iodides have little toxicity to wildlife
Hydroquinone	Mixed with a more flammable solvent and safely incinerated; Controlled oxidation with chromic acid, piranha solution, Fenton's reagent	Decomposes at very high temperatures to yield carbon oxides, water vapor, soot, VOCs, etc.	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Occurs naturally; toxic and possibly carcinogen in high doses
Hydroxyacetone	Mixed with a flammable solvent and incinerated; Diluted in water and poured down the drain	Burns at high temperatures, releasing carbon dioxide, water vapors, acrolein	Dilute first	Dilute first	Little environmental impact from the literature available
Hydroxylamine	Reduction with Zn/HCl; Dilution followed by decomposition with ferrous or ferric salts; Addition of ketone or aldehyde then heated to decompose	Explodes (free base)	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic for animals at high concentrations
Hydroxylammonium chloride	Dilution followed by addition of ketone or aldehyde then heated to decompose; Reduction with Zn/HCl	Decomposes releasing HCl and nitrogen oxides	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic for animals at high concentrations
Hydroxylammonium nitrate	Dilution followed by decomposition with ferrous or ferric salts; Addition of ketone or aldehyde then heated to decompose; Reduction with Zn/HCl	Explodes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic for animals at high concentrations
Hydroxylammonium perchlorate	Dilution followed by precipitation of perchlorate with potassium ions, filtration then neutralization of hydroxylamine via addition of ketone or aldehyde, then heated to decompose; Reduction with Zn/HCl	Decomposes releasing nitrogen oxides, nitrogen, HCl, water vapors; explodes at high temperature	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic for animals at high concentrations
Hydroxylammonium sulfate	Dilution followed by addition of ketone or aldehyde then heated to decompose; Reduction with Zn/HCl	Decomposes releasing sulfur and nitrogen oxides	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic for animals at high concentrations
Hypochlorous acid	Any reducing agent, such as sodium metabisulfite, bisulfite, sulfite, thiosulfate	Decomposes to chlorine, chloric acid, hydrogen chloride	Yes, but recommended to neutralize first	DO NOT DUMP	Very toxic and corrosive to organisms, especially aquatic ones
Hypophosphorous acid	Diluted cooled hydrogen peroxide solution	Decomposes to phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, phosphine	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Harmful and corrosive to organisms, especially aquatic ones
Iditol	Not required	Yields carbon oxides, water vapors	Yes	Yes	Low toxicity
Ink	Not always required	Yields carbon oxides, water vapors, leaves ash behind	Yes	Yes	Low toxicity; silver and copper-based inks may be harmful
Inositol	Not required	Yields carbon oxides, water vapor	Yes	Yes	Low toxicity, occurs naturally in plants
Iodic acid	Neutralization with potassium, calcium bases, followed by reduction with a suitable reducing agent to iodide; thiosulfate added to remove any free iodine	Decomposes at high temperatures to iodine pentoxide which further decomposes above 300 °C to iodine and oxygen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife, both animals and plants
Iodine pentoxide	Neutralization with a solution sodium thiosulfate	Decomposes above melting point, releasing iodine and oxygen above 300 °C	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic and corrosive to wildlife
Iodine trichloride	Neutralization with a cooled diluted solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium thiosulfate	Decomposes above melting point, releasing ICl and chlorine	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic and corrosive to wildlife
Iodoacetic acid	Neutralization with excess sodium hydroxide to sodium glycolate	Evaporates and burns at high temperatures, releasing toxic fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic and corrosive to most wildlife
Iodoform	Destruction with aqueous sodium hydroxide	Melts and decomposes near boiling point, releasing iodine, hydrogen iodine fumes	Neutralize first	DO NOT DUMP	Dangerous to wildlife, especially if ingested; small animals are harmed easily
Iron(II) chloride	Calcium hydroxide (slaked lime)	Gives off hydrogen chloride fumes in air and or moisture	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife
Iron(II) sulfate	Not always required; Ammonium hydroxide, carbonate/bicarbonate	Breaks down to iron(III) oxide and gives off sulfur dioxide and trioxide fumes	Yes	Yes	Safe, used in agriculture as iron supplement; May cause algal bloom if released in water bodies
Iron(II,III) oxide	Not required	Results in iron(III) oxide in the presence of air	Yes, but not advised	Yes	Safe, occurs naturally
Iron(III) chloride	Calcium hydroxide (slaked lime)	Gives off hydrogen chloride fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic to wildlife
Iron(III) nitrate	Calcium hydroxide (slaked lime), followed by dilution	Gives off nitrogen oxide fumes, leaving behind iron(III) oxide	Dilute first!	Dilute first!	Harmful to environment in large and concentrated amounts; Diluted iron nitrate is a good source of iron and nitrogen for plants
Iron(III) oxide	Not required	Not useful	Yes, but not advised	Yes	Safe, sometimes used in agriculture as iron supplement; May cause algal bloom if released in water bodies
Iron(III) sulfate	Calcium hydroxide (slaked lime)	Breaks down into iron(III) oxide and gives off sulfur oxides	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Corrosive, toxic to aquatic life
Iron pentacarbonyl	Incineration; oxidation with peroxide; both done outside	Decomposes, releasing copious amounts of iron oxide fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Carbon monoxide is deadly to organisms
Isobutanol	Incineration	Flammable, gives off carbon dioxide and water vapor	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Dangerous for wildlife and aquatic life
Isopropanol	Incineration	Flammable, gives off carbon dioxide and water vapor	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Dangerous for wildlife and aquatic life
Isopropyl nitrate	Photolysis; Hydrolysis with cold sodium hydroxide solution	Ignites and burns, may explode	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to organisms; nitrate source for plants
Isopropyl nitrite	Neutralization with sodium hydroxide, followed by incineration	Detonation	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife and aquatic life
Isopropylamine	Neutralization with any acid; incineration; oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Flammable, burns to release carbon dioxide, water vapors and nitrogen; nitrogen dioxide may also be released	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to all wildlife and especially aquatic life
Juglone	Controlled oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Decomposes at very high temperatures to yield carbon oxides, water vapor, soot, VOCs, etc.	Yes, but dilute first	Do not dump	Occurs naturally; toxic to microorganisms and other plants
Kanthal	Taken to scrap metal centers Dumped in trash	Melts at 1,500 °C	Do not dump	Do not dump	Toxic to wildlife due to chromium
Kerosene	Incineration	Burns in the presence of air, to give off carbon dioxide and water vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Dangerous for wildlife and aquatic environment
Khusimol	Incineration; not required	Releases carbon dioxide, monoxide, water vapors and soot; Burns in rich oxygen atmosphere	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; Occurs naturally in various plants
Kojic acid	Mixed with a more flammable solvent and followed by incineration	Gives off carbon oxides, water vapors and soot	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; occurs naturally
KS Fluid	Immersion underwater to prevent self-ignition, followed by adding a flocculating or a thickening agent to trap the phosphorus inside; resulting mass should be incinerated in a special incinerator	Pyrophoric, releases toxic sulfur dioxide and phosphorus pentoxide fumes	DO NOT DUMP!	DO NOT DUMP!	Pyrophoric, toxic and corrosive to the environment
Lactic acid	Mixed with a more flammable solvent and followed by incineration	Gives off carbon oxides, water vapors and soot	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; occurs naturally
Lead(II) acetate	Alkali carbonate or hydroxide; Lead precipitate should be taken to disposal facilities	Results in lead oxides; Yields carbon oxides, water vapors	DO NOT DUMP!	DO NOT DUMP!	Extremely toxic to all life, due to the good solubility of lead acetate
Lead(II) azide	Nitrous acid, ammonium acetate, sodium dichromate	Decomposes to lead/lead(II) oxide releasing nitrogen gas and may explode during decomposition	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Very toxic for wildlife
Lead(II) chloride	Taken to hazardous waste disposal centers	Not useful	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic to wildlife
Lead(II) chromate	Taken to hazardous waste disposal centers	Breaks down to its component oxides at high temperatures	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic to the environment
Lead(II) iodide	Taken to hazardous waste disposal centers	Not useful	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic to wildlife
Lead(II) nitrate	Precipitation with a sulfide, carbonate or oxalate; wastes are to be taken to hazardous waste disposal centers	Breaks down in to lead oxide and releases nitrogen dioxide fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic to wildlife due to its good solubility in water
Lead(II) oxide	Taken to hazardous waste disposal centers	Not useful	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic to wildlife
Lead(II) sulfide	Taken to hazardous waste disposal centers	Decomposes around 500-1000 °C in air to yield sulfur and lead oxides and lead metal fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Occurs naturally; Extremely toxic to the environment and all life
Lead(II,IV) oxide	Taken to hazardous waste disposal centers	Not effective	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic to wildlife
Lead(IV) acetate	Precipitate with an excess of carbonate, oxalate or a sulfide; waste is to be taken to hazardous waste disposal centers	Results in lead oxide and acetic acid, carbon dioxide, water vapor	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Corrosive and very toxic to all organisms
Lead(IV) oxide	Taken to hazardous waste disposal centers	Not useful	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic to wildlife
Lead styphnate	Careful and controlled destruction using an oxidizing solution; insoluble lead wastes should be taken to hazardous waste disposal centers	Explodes, releasing lead oxide fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic to all organisms; lead is a known neurotoxin
Limonene	Incineration; oxidation; not always required	Results in carbon dioxide, water vapor, soot	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; occurs naturally
Lithium aluminium hydride	Neutralization with an alkali or carbonate solution; recycling of lithium ions	Decomposes to release hydrogen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Corrosive to organisms, will increase the aluminium concentration in soil or water
Lithium azide	Acidified sodium nitrite, nitrous acid	Detonates and gives off nitrogen gas	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Very toxic for wildlife
Lithium borohydride	Neutralization with an alkali or carbonate solution; Slow addition in a large volume of water or alcohol;Recycling of lithium ions	Decomposes to release hydrogen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Corrosive to organisms, will increase the boron concentration in soil or water
Lithium chloride	Not required	Hydrated form will give some oxychloride salt	Yes	Yes	Increases the chloride concentration in soil as well as lithium
Lithium hydride	Neutralization with a concentrated alkali or carbonate solution, alcohols, long chain alcohols are preferred; best performed in an open area	Decomposes to release hydrogen at very high temperatures	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Corrosive to organisms, toxic to animals
Lithium hydroxide	Any acid, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide; recycling is a good choice	Breaks down to lithium oxide and water vapor	Yes	Neutralize first	Lithium has little effect to plant life, but will affect the nervous system of animals when ingested in excess
Lithium hypochlorite	Any reducing agent, such as sodium metabisulfite, bisulfite, sulfite, thiosulfate; Hydrogen peroxide	Melts and decomposes, releasing chlorine	Neutralize first	Neutralize first	Corrosive and harmful to organisms, especially aquatic ones
Lithium nitrate	Precipitation; recycling; mixed with a combustible material and ignited	Breaks down to lithium oxide and nitrogen oxides	Yes, dilute first	Yes, dilute first	Nitrate is a source of nitrogen for plants; lithium has little effect to plant life, but will affect the nervous system of animals when ingested in excess
Lithium nitrite	Oxidation with sodium percarbonate, oxygen, ozone to nitrate; Thermal decomposition followed by conversion to lithium carbonate or sulfate	Decomposes to form lithium oxide/hydroxide and releases nitrogen oxides fumes	Yes, but not recommended	No	Unlike nitrates, nitrites are poor source of nitrogen for plants; Lithium may be harmful for the central nervous system; Nitrites are toxic for most animals
Litmus	Not required; can be poured down the drain	Gives off carbon oxides, water vapor and soot	Yes	Yes	Safe, occurs naturally

M-Z

Substance	Neutralization	Heat treatment	Down the drain	Into the soil	Environmental considerations
Magnalium	Diluted acid; Incineration	Burns releasing aluminium and magnesium oxides	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Harmful for wildlife
Magnesium carbonate	Any acid; not always required	Not useful; breaks down into magnesium oxide and carbon dioxide at high temperatures	Yes, as powder	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; occurs naturally
Magnesium chloride	Not required	Hydrated form gives the oxychloride salt	Yes	Yes	May increase the magnesium and chloride content in the soil significantly
Magnesium diboride	Careful hydrolysis	Oxidizes at high temperatures in air	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Boron compounds are harmful
Magnesium hydroxide	Not always required; any acid can be used, though a weak one is more economical	Decomposes at 350 °C to magnesium oxide and releases water vapors	Yes	Yes	Raises the soil pH; source of magnesium for plants
Magnesium nitrate	Not required; an aqueous carbonate solution, like potassium carbonate can be used if necessary	Decomposes above 330 °C to give off oxygen and nitrogen oxides	Yes	OH YES	Good source of nitrogen and magnesium for plants (fertilizer); May cause algal bloom in water bodies
Magnesium oxide	Not always required; any acid can be used, though a weak one is more economical	Not effective	Yes	Yes	Raises the soil pH; source of magnesium for plants
Magnesium sulfate	Not required	Will dehydrate when heated; Gives off sulfur oxides at very high temperature	Yes	Yes	Source of magnesium for plants
Malonic acid	Not always required, can be dumped in trash	Decomposes releasing acrid smoke, carbon oxides, water vapors and soot	Yes	Yes	Maybe be source of food for some organisms
Manganese dioxide	Oxalic acid	Converts it into other oxides	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife
Manganese heptoxide	Aqueous solutions or suspensions of base, carbonate, bicarbonate	Breaks down to manganese dioxide and gives off ozone; may explode	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Burns organic material on contact, even wet organic material
Manganese(II) chloride	Precipitated to managnese dioxide; Taken to waste disposal facilities; Dumped in trash	Decomposes at high temperatures	Yes, but in small quantities	Yes, but in small quantities	Classified as dangerous to environment
Manganese(II) sulfate	Dumped in trash	Decomposes at high temperatures	Yes, but in small quantities	Yes, but in small quantities	Classified as dangerous to environment
Mannitol	Not required	Melts; Releases carbon dioxide and water vapor at high temperatures	Yes	Yes	Cannot be digested by most organisms, but has no dangerous effects on wildlife
Mannitol hexanitrate	Cooled aqueous solution of diluted sodium hydroxide, added in excess	Detonates at temperatures > 120 °C	DO NOT DUMP	In small amounts	Dangerous to animals due to its vasodilator effects; harmless to plants, nitrogen source for plant life
Menthol	Incineration; not required	Releases carbon dioxide, monoxide, water vapors and soot; Burns in rich oxygen atmosphere	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; Occurs naturally in various plants, like peppermint
Mercury sulfide	Taken to hazardous waste disposal centers	Decomposes over 580 °C to yield sulfur oxides and mercury vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Occurs naturally; Extremely toxic to the environment and all life
Mercury(II) chloride	Conversion to cinnabar; Taken to hazardous waste disposal centers	Sublimes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic to the environment and all life
Mercury(II) fulminate	Conversion to cinnabar; Taken to hazardous waste disposal centers	Explodes, giving off carbon oxides, nitrogen gas and hazardous mercury vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic to the environment and all life
Mercury(II) nitrate	Conversion to cinnabar; Taken to hazardous waste disposal centers	Decomposes, releasing nitrogen dioxide, oxygen, mercury(II) oxide, mercury vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic to the environment and all life
Mercury(II) oxide	Conversion to cinnabar; Taken to hazardous waste disposal centers	Decomposes over 500 °C to yield mercury vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic to the environment and all life
Mercury(II) sulfate	Taken to hazardous waste disposal centers; Conversion to cinnabar	Decomposes over 450 °C to yield sulfur oxides and mercury vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic to the environment and all life
Mercury(II) thiocyanate	Conversion to mercury(II) sulfide; Taken to hazardous waste disposal centers;	Decomposes over 165 °C to yield a residue known as "Pharaoh's snake", as well as sulfur oxides and mercury vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic to the environment and all life
Methane	Incineration	Releases carbon dioxide and water vapors	Not possible	Not possible	Contributes to global warming
Methanol	Incineration	Will give off carbon dioxide and water vapor, as well as some formaldehyde if not enough oxygen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Very toxic to wildlife
Methyl acetate	Incineration	Gives off carbon dioxide and water vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Hazardous to environment in large amounts
Methyl blue	Poured down the drain	Decomposes giving off carbon oxides, sulfur oxides, nitrogen, water, soot, VOCs	Yes	Yes, but not recommended	May be harmful to microorganisms, fauna and water bodies
Methyl cellosolve	Mixed with a more flammable solvent and incinerated	Generates smoke, carbon dioxide and water vapors	Yes, but dilute it first	Yes, but dilute it first	Relative safe, harmful in large amounts
Methyl ethyl ketone	Incineration	Gives off carbon dioxide and water vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide	Reduction with a reducing agent, such as sodium sulfite; Test for peroxides after neutralization; If no peroxides present, incineration or other proper disposal method	Decomposes and explodes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife
Methyl formate	Incineration	Gives off carbon dioxide and water vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Hazardous to environment in large amounts
Methyl iodide	Alkali solution, followed by sodium thiosulfate to remove any free iodine	Decomposes to release iodine fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Dangerous to wildlife in high concentrations; Occurs naturally in low concentrations
Methyl isobutyl ketone	Incineration	Gives off carbon dioxide and water vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Harmful to wildlife
Methyl nitrate	Diluted alkali solution, recommended to be cooled first to prevent possible explosion	Will lead to explosion	No	No	Dangerous to wildlife
Methyl orange	Oxidized with a strong oxidizing solution, such as chromic acid, Fenton's reagent, piranha solution, followed by neutralization and then poured down the drain	Decomposes giving off carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapors, VOCs, PAHs	No, neutralize first	No, neutralize first	Dangerous to environment, mutagen
Methyl red	Oxidized with a strong oxidizing solution, such as chromic acid, Fenton's reagent, piranha solution, followed by neutralization and then poured down the drain	Decomposes giving off carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapors, VOCs, PAHs	Yes, but not recommended	No, neutralize first	May be harmful to water bodies
Methyl salicylate	Incineration; Not always required	Gives off carbon dioxide and water vapors	Yes	Yes	Low toxicity to environment in small amounts
Methyl tert-butyl ether	Incineration	Gives off carbon dioxide and water vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Classified as hazardous to environment and ground water
Methylamine	Incineration	Burns in air, giving off carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water vapors	Not recommended	Not recommended	Amines can be source of nitrogen for plants, but may be harmful to fauna and water bodies
Methylene blue	Poured down the drain	Decomposes giving off carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen, water, hydrogen chloride vapors, VOCs, PAHs and other harmful compounds	Yes	Yes, but not recommended	May be harmful to microbial life, fauna and water bodies
Mineral oil	Incineration	Will burn at high temperatures, releasing carbon oxides, water vapors and soot	No	No	Oils float on water bodies and inhibit the cellular breathing of many organisms
Mischmetal	Recycled Dumped in trash	Melts between 790 – 1010 °C	Not recommended	Possible, though not recommended	Lanthanides show low toxicity to organisms
Monopotassium phosphate	Not required; Excess slaked lime can be used to precipitate calcium phosphate	Decomposes on heating at high temperatures to release water vapors, leaving a residue of potassium and phosphorus oxides	Yes	Yes	Safe, good fertilizer (potassium and phosphorus source)
Morpholine	Mixed with a flammable solvent and burned	Decomposes, releases combustion gasses, VOCs	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	May cause death of aqueous organisms
Mu-metal	Recycling Taken to scrap metal centers	Melts at around 1454°C	DO NOT DUMP!	DO NOT DUMP!	Dangerous to wildlife due to nickel and chromium content
Murexide	Poured down the drain	Decomposes giving off carbon oxides, nitrogen, water, soot, VOCs	Yes	Yes, but not recommended	Environmental effects are currently unknown
N-(1-Naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride	Oxidation with an oxidizing solution, such as Fenton's reagent, piranha solution or chromic acid	Decomposes, releasing carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, water vapors, PAHs, soot	Dilute first	Do not dump	Possibly harmful for the environment; little data available on its environmental effects
N-Allylthiourea	Oxidation with an oxidizing solution, such as Fenton's reagent, piranha solution or chromic acid	Generates carbon oxides, water vapor, sulfur oxides, soot and nitrogen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Harmful to wildlife; Nitrification inhibitor, slows the nitrification of ammonia
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone	Mixed with a more flammable solvent, followed by incineration outside or in an incinerator; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent under controlled conditions	Gives off toxic fumes or carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, VOCs	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife
NaK	Long-chained alcohols, diluted with an alkane	Ignites in air	DO NOT DUMP!	DO NOT DUMP!	Pyrophoric, both alloy and reaction products corrosive to wildlife
Naphtha	Incineration	Burning gives combustion gasses as well as soot, carbon monoxide and various VOCs	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife; very dangerous for aquatic life
Naphthalene	Incineration, best done in an incinerator with afterburner; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Generates carbon dioxide, water vapors, carbon monoxide, soot, VOCs	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife
Naphthol Green B	Poured down the drain; oxidized with a strong oxidizing solution, neutralized then poured down the drain	Decomposes giving off carbon and sulfur oxides, nitrogen, water, soot, VOCs	Yes	Yes, but not recommended	May be harmful to microorganisms, fish in water bodies
Neodymium iron boron magnet	Recycled Dumped in trash	Loses magnetism when heated and melts at high temperatures	Not recommended	Possible, though not recommended	Lanthanides show low toxicity to organisms
Neodymium oxalate	Pyrolysis, followed by recycling of Nd slag	Gives off carbon oxides, leaving neodymium oxides and hydroxides behind	Do not dump	Do not dump	Presents toxicity to wildlife due to the oxalate group
Niacin	Dumped in trash, poured down the drain	Sublimes and decomposes, releasing carbon oxides, water vapors, soot, pyridine derivatives	Yes	Yes	Low toxicity, essential nutrient for life
Nichrome	Recycled Dumped in trash	Melts at 1400 °C	Do not dump	Do not dump	Nickel and chromium are harmful for wildlife
Nickel hydrazine nitrate	Safe detonation in remote area	Detonates	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Nickel is very toxic for animals; hydrazine is very toxic to environment
Nickel hydrazine perchlorate	Strong dilution in water, followed by CAREFUL addition of a diluted base; precipitation of nickel	Detonates	DO NOT DUMP!	DO NOT DUMP!	Nickel is harmful for animals; hydrazine is very toxic to environment; perchlorates are toxic for animals and plants
Nickel(II) nitrate	Precipitation with a soluble hydroxide; precipitate should be taken to disposal centers	Gives off nitrogen oxide fumes, leaving behind nickel oxide slag	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife, allergen
Nickel(II) perchlorate	Reduction of perchlorate to chloride; Precipitation with a soluble hydroxide; precipitate should be taken to disposal centers	Gives off chlorine oxide fumes, leaving behind nickel oxide slag; may decompose violently if organic contaminant present	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife, allergen
Nickel(II) sulfate	Precipitation with a soluble hydroxide; precipitate should be taken to disposal centers	Gives off sulfur oxide fumes, leaving behind nickel oxide slag	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife, allergen
Nicotinamide	Dumped in trash, poured down the drain	Sublimes and decomposes, releasing carbon oxides, water vapors, soot, pyridine derivatives	Yes	Yes	Low toxicity, essential nutrient for life
Nicotine	Oxidation; Photolysis; Pyrolysis with selenium	Generates carbon oxides, water vapors, soot, VOCs and toxic nicotine vapors	Acceptable in small quantities	Only as insecticide	Deadly to small animals, toxic and addictive to large organisms; absorbs through skin; biodegradable
Nitric acid	Any base, hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate	Boils off, while also giving off nitrogen dioxide fumes	Neutralize first	Neutralize first	Corrosive to organisms and rocks; its salts are excellent nitrogen source for plants
Nitric oxide	Sodium percarbonate solution	Not useful	Not possible	Not possible	Oxidizes to nitrogen dioxide in air, which is highly toxic and corrosive; creates acid rain
Nitrobenzene	Oxidation with an oxidizing solution, such as Fenton's reagent, piranha solution or chromic acid	Generates carbon oxides, water vapor, soot and nitrogen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to all wildlife
Nitrocellulose	Controlled incineration; Hydrolysis with aqueous alkali hydroxide	Breaks down to release combustion gasses and self-ignites at 160 °C	DO NOT DUMP	No; however it can be converted to fertilizer by adding aqueous ammonia	Breaks down in the presence of water to give nitric acid, which, after neutralization becomes source of nitrogen for plants
Nitroethane	Incineration	Burns giving off carbon oxides, water vapors and nitrogen gas	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Dangerous to wildlife
Nitrogen dioxide	Bubbling through an alkali solution, peroxide solution	Not useful	Not possible	No	Reacts with air moisture to generate nitric acid and contributes to the acid rain; extremely toxic to animals and plants
Nitrogen trichloride	Photolysis; Hydrolysis with hot water; Reduction with sodium thiosulfate	Detonates	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Corrosive and toxic to wildlife
Nitrogen triiodide	Sodium thiosulfate solution	Detonation, giving off corrosive iodine vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	The iodine vapors it gives off during decomposition are dangerous to organisms in short term
Nitroglycerin	Photolysis; Hydrolysis with cold sodium hydroxide solution	Violent detonation	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to organisms; nitrate source for plants
Nitroguanidine	Not required, can be dumped in ground; Careful and controlled pyrolysis	Pyrolysis gives nitrogen, water and carbon/nitrogen oxides; may explode at high temperatures	Possibly	Yes	Safe, nitrogen source for plants, used as fertilizer; Guanidine derivates occur in guano
Nitromethane	Incineration	Burns giving off carbon oxides, water vapors and nitrogen gas	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Dangerous to wildlife
Nitronium perchlorate	Slow addition to water, followed by neutralization with dil. NaOH	Decomposes to release nitrogen/chlorine oxides and oxygen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Dangerous and very toxic to wildlife
Nitronium tetrafluoroborate	Slow addition to water, followed by neutralization with dil. NaOH	Decomposes to release NO2F and BF3	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Dangerous and very toxic to wildlife
Nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate	Slow addition to water, followed by neutralization with dil. NaOH	Decomposes to release NOF and BF3, in moist air forms acids	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Dangerous and very toxic to wildlife
Nitrosyl chloride	Aqueous base; percarbonates can also be used to remove nitric oxide; multiple washings may be required	Decomposes, giving off nitrogen oxide and chlorine/HCl fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Highly corrosive and toxic to all organisms and materials
Nitrosylsulfuric acid	Careful addition to crushed ice, followed by neutralization with a diluted base	Decomposes releasing toxic fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Deadly and extremely corrosive to all organisms
Nitrourea	Diluted and hydrolyzed; Careful and controlled pyrolysis	Pyrolysis gives nitrogen, water and carbon/nitrogen oxides; may explode at high temperatures	Hydrolyze first	Hydrolyze first	May pose toxicity to fauna
Nitrous acid	Any base, hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate; percarbonates can also be used	Decomposes, giving off nitrogen oxide fumes	Neutralize first	Neutralize first	Corrosive to organisms and rocks; salts somewhat toxic to animals
Nitrous oxide	Gentle reduction with various reducing agents	Breaks down to nitrogen and oxygen at high temperatures	Not possible	Not possible	Low toxicity to wildlife, may induce light narcotic effects and laughing sensation in some organisms
Nonane	Incineration; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Ignites in air, gives off carbon dioxide and water vapors, soot	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to aquatic life and organisms
Octane	Incineration; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Gives off carbon dioxide and water vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to aquatic life and organisms
Octyl acetate	Mixed with a more flammable solvent, followed by incineration	Gives off carbon oxides, water vapors and soot	Yes	Yes	Safe, occurs naturally in citrus fruit peels
Onchidal	Neutralization with an oxidizing mixture	Gives off carbon oxides, water vapors and soot	Neutralize first	Neutralize first	Highly toxic, occurs naturally
Orotic acid	Pyrolysis; diluted and poured down the drain	Decomposes on heating to release carbon oxides and various organic compounds	Yes, if diluted	Yes, if diluted	May pose a threat to wildlife in large amounts
Osmium tetroxide	Reduced with hydrogen or another reducing agent	Sublimes, releasing highly toxic fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic in short term
Oxalic acid	Neutralization with any oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, followed by pyrolysis	Releases carbon oxides and water vapor at high temperature	Yes, but dilute it first	No	Toxic to wildlife; Small amounts occur in some plants
Oxalyl chloride	Disolving it in large amounts of water, followed by neutralization with any oxide, hydroxide, carbonate	Sublimes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic and corrosive to wildlife and environment
Ozone	Any compound easily oxidizable that does not ignite, such as carbon monoxide, activated charcoal	Accelerates the decomposition of ozone, but not enough	Not possible	No	Dangerous to wildlife, may oxidize various gaseous compounds, contributing to the acid rain; In the upper atmosphere it acts as UV shield
p-Dimethylaminobenzalrhodanine	Oxidized with a strong oxidizing solution, such as chromic acid, Fenton's reagent, piranha solution, followed by neutralization and then poured down the drain	Decomposes giving off carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapors, VOCs, PAHs	Yes, but not recommended	No, neutralize first	May be harmful to water bodies
Paper	Incineration; Dumping in trash	Will burn if ignited, releasing carbon oxides, water vapors and soot	Do not dump	Do not dump uncomposted	Excess paper is harmful for environment, unless composted first
Paraffin wax	Incineration; Dumping in trash	Will burn at high temperatures, releasing carbon oxides, water vapors and soot	Do not dump	Do not dump	Wax, both solid and molten, floats on water bodies and may inhibit the cellular breathing of many organisms
Pentaerythritol	Mixed with a flammable solvent and incinerated	Gives off carbon oxides, water vapors, aldehydes	Yes	Yes	Low toxicity to aquatic life; Classified as biodegradable
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate	Oxidation with Fenton's reagent; Mixed with a flammable solvent and incinerated; Reduction with powdered iron	Gives off carbon oxides, water vapors, soot	Yes, but not recommended	Yes	Displays relative low toxicity to aquatic life; PETN undergoes safe biodegradation
Pentane	Incineration	Flammable, releases carbon oxides, water vapor when burned in air	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Dangerous to wildlife
Pentanoic acid	Bicarbonates, carbonates, bases, oxides; neutralized solution can be safely poured down the drain; valeric salts can also be pyrolyzed in a kiln	Flammable (high concentrations, >86 °C), no dangerous combustion products, though the smoke will have a rancid smell	Yes, but recommended to neutralize first	Neutralize first	Safe, biodegradable; avoid dumping large amounts, dangerous to microfauna and water bodies
Pentanol	Mixed with a more flammable solvent and incinerated	Flammable, gives off carbon dioxide and water vapor	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Dangerous for wildlife and aquatic life in large concentrations
Peracetic acid	Dilution in water, followed by neutralization with a base; iron oxide can be added to decompose hydrogen peroxide; can be poured down the drain afterwards	May explode at high temperatures, at high concentrations	Do not dump	Do not dump	Toxic and corrosive to wildlife, both animals and plants
Perchloric acid	Neutralization with potassium, calcium bases, followed by reduction with metallic iron under UV light in the absence of air	May explode at high temperatures, at high concentrations	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife, both animals and plants
Periodic acid	Neutralization with potassium, calcium bases, followed by reduction with a suitable reducing agent to iodide; thiosulfate added to remove any free iodine	Decomposes at high temperatures to iodine pentoxide which further decomposes above 300 °C to iodine and oxygen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife, both animals and plants
Permanganic acid	Hydrogen peroxide; Caro's acid	Leads to decomposition, resulting in manganese dioxide slag	Do not dump	Do not dump	The resulting manganese dioxide from the decomposition can be toxic if ingested by animals
Peroxydisulfuric acid	Any base, carbonate, bicarbonate	May explode if concentrated	Neutralize first	Neutralize first	Strong oxidizer, it is dangerous and toxic to small organisms
Peroxymonosulfuric acid	Any base, carbonate, bicarbonate	May explode if concentrated	Neutralize first	Neutralize first	Strong oxidizer, it is dangerous and toxic to small organisms
Petroleum	Controlled incineration	Burns in the presence of air, to give off carbon dioxide and water vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Dangerous for wildlife and aquatic environment
Petroleum ether	Incineration	Burns in the presence of air, to give off carbon dioxide and water vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Dangerous for wildlife and aquatic environment
Phenanthroline	Oxidation with Fenton's reagent or piranha solution, followed by neutralization and poured down the drain	Gives off carbon oxides, water vapors, soot, VOCs, PAHs, nitrogen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Dangerous to environment, very toxic to aquatic life
Phenethyl alcohol	Mixed with a more flammable solvent and incinerated	Flammable if preheated, gives off carbon dioxide, soot and water vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Harmful for wildlife and aquatic life in large concentrations
Phenol	Incineration; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Gives off carbon oxides, water vapors, soot and VOCs	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Dangerous to environment
Phenolphthalein	Incineration; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Gives off carbon oxides, water vapors, soot and VOCs	Dilute it with plenty of water before release	Not recommended	Dangerous to environment in large amounts
Phenylacetaldehyde	Not always required, may be strongly diluted and poured down the drain	Breaks down to carbon oxides, water vapors, soot; may give off aromatic vapors	Dilute first	Dilute first	Low toxicity, occurs naturally in plants
Phenylacetic acid	Not always required, may be strongly diluted and poured down the drain	Breaks down to carbon oxides, water vapors, soot; may give off aromatic vapors	Dilute first	Dilute first	Low toxicity, may occur naturally in small amounts
Phenylacetone	Excess bleach, excess NaOH	Breaks down releasing carbon dioxide, water vapors, soot, PAHs	Neutralize first	Neutralize first	Relative safe, poses low toxicity
Phenylacetylene	Oxidation with Fenton's reagent; Incineration, best done with an afterburner	Flammable, burns in air to release carbon oxides, water vapors, soot, VOCs	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife and very dangerous to aquatic life, as well as soil
Phloroglucinol	Mixed with a more flammable solvent and incinerated	Generates smoke, carbon dioxide and water vapors	Yes, but dilute it first	Yes, but dilute it first	Relative safe, biodegradable; Occurs naturally in small amounts
Phosgene	Alkaline metal hydroxide, ammonia	NO	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic for all organisms
Phosphine	Bleach (best bet); hydrogen peroxide; oxygen; ozone;	May ignite in the presence of air	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic for all organisms, used to kill pests
Phosphoric acid	Any metal oxide, hydroxide, carbonate	Not very useful	Yes, if it's diluted	Neutralize it first, good source of phosphorus, unless contaminated	Deadly to small animals; excess in water bodies may cause algal bloom
Phosphorus pentabromide	Suspension of calcium hydroxide, sodium thiosulfate, cooled; PBr5 is added slowly to prevent splashing; Neutralization area must be well ventilated	Breaks down to bromine, hydrogen bromide, phosphorus tribromide and phosphorous acids in the presence of air/moisture	DO NOT DUMP! Neutralize it first	DO NOT DUMP! Neutralize it first	Corrosive and deadly to all wildlife; Lowers soil pH; Corrosive to rocks, soil
Phosphorus pentachloride	Suspension of calcium hydroxide, cooled; PCl5 is added slowly to prevent splashing; Neutralization area must be well ventilated	Boils and breaks down to chlorine, hydrogen chloride and phosphorous acids in the presence of air/moisture	DO NOT DUMP! Neutralize it first	DO NOT DUMP! Neutralize it first	Corrosive and deadly to all wildlife; Lowers soil pH; Corrosive to rocks, soil
Phosphorus pentoxide‎‎	Alkaline solution, lots of water	Will volatilize at very high temperatures	No, reaction with water is highly exothermic and may generate acidic steam	Neutralize first	Corrosive and dangerous on direct contact with wildlife; Reaction with water will lead to phosphoric acid, highly corrosive and dangerous.
Phosphorus tribromide	Suspension of calcium hydroxide, sodium thiosulfate, cooled; PBr3 is added slowly to prevent splashing; Neutralization area must be well ventilated	Boils and breaks down to bromine, hydrogen bromide and phosphorous acids in the presence of air/moisture	DO NOT DUMP! Neutralize it first	DO NOT DUMP! Neutralize it first	Corrosive and deadly to all wildlife; Lowers soil pH; Corrosive to rocks, soil
Phosphorus trichloride	Suspension of calcium hydroxide, sodium thiosulfate, cooled; PCl3 is added slowly to prevent splashing; Neutralization area must be well ventilated	Boils and breaks down to chlorine, hydrogen chloride and phosphorous acids in the presence of air/moisture	DO NOT DUMP! Neutralize it first	DO NOT DUMP! Neutralize it first	Corrosive and deadly to all wildlife; Lowers soil pH; Corrosive to rocks, soil
Phosphorus triiodide	Sodium thiosulfate solution/suspension; PI3 is added slowly to prevent splashing; Neutralization area must be well ventilated	Decomposes, releasing corrosive fumes	DO NOT DUMP!	DO NOT DUMP!	Very toxic and corrosive to organisms and rocks
Phosphoryl bromide	Suspension of calcium hydroxide, sodium thiosulfate, cooled; POBr3 is added slowly to prevent splashing; Neutralization area must be well ventilated	Boils and breaks down to bromine, hydrogen bromide and phosphorous acids in the presence of air/moisture	DO NOT DUMP! Neutralize it first	DO NOT DUMP! Neutralize it first	Corrosive and deadly to all wildlife; Lowers soil pH; Corrosive to rocks, soil
Phosphoryl chloride	Suspension of calcium hydroxide, sodium thiosulfate, cooled; POCl3 is added slowly to prevent splashing; Neutralization area must be well ventilated	Boils and breaks down to chlorine, hydrogen chloride and phosphorous acids in the presence of air/moisture	DO NOT DUMP! Neutralize it first	DO NOT DUMP! Neutralize it first	Corrosive and deadly to all wildlife; Lowers soil pH; Corrosive to rocks, soil
Phthalic anhydride	Oxidation with oxidizing solutions, such as chromic acid, Fenton's reagent, piranha solution	Gives off carbon oxides, water vapors, soot and VOCs	Dilute it with plenty of water before release	Not recommended	Dangerous to environment in large amounts
Picric acid	Hydrolysis with aqueous sodium hydroxide; oxidation with Fenton's reagent; Containers with dry picric acid should be taken by professionals and safely detonated in a remote location	Gives off carbon dioxide, water vapors, soot, VOCs	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Very toxic to environment
PLX	Strongly diluted with a flammable solvent and safely incinerated	Gives off carbon dioxide, water vapors, may explode if impurities present	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Very harmful to environment
Polystyrene	Incineration; Dumping in trash	Will burn at high temperatures, releasing carbon oxides, water vapors and soot	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Harmful for the environment
Polytetrafluoroethylene	Not required; Can simply be dumped in trash	Generates toxic fluorine, hydrogen fluoride, fluorocarbons and carbon oxide vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Resistant to most corrosive chemicals, cannot be digested by wildlife
Portland cement	Hydration, followed by recycling, dumping in trash, ground, etc.	Not useful	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Non-hydrated cement is hazardous to environment, animals and plants; hydrated solid is generally non-toxic; Production of cement is extremely harmful to environment
Potassium antimony tartrate	Pyrolysis, followed by taking the resulting slag to disposal facilities	Gives off carbon oxides and water vapors, leaving potassium antimony oxide slag behind	Do not dump	Do not dump	Hazardous to wildlife
Potassium azide	Acidified sodium nitrite, nitrous acid	Detonates and gives off nitrogen gas	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Very toxic for wildlife
Potassium bicarbonate	Any acid will do	Above 292 °C decomposes to potassium carbonate and above 891 °C will yield potassium oxide and carbon dioxide, which is quickly reabsorbed as it cools	Yes	OH YES	Excess may increase the concentration of potassium in the dumping area
Potassium bismuthate	Hydrolysis; neutralization with hydrogen peroxide	Breaks down to its constituent oxides, both dry and as solution	Do not dump	Do not dump	Dangerous to organisms due to its strong oxidizing properties; high amounts of bismuth are toxic
Potassium bisulfate	Any base, carbonate, bicarbonate	Decomposes to high temperatures releasing water vapors and sulfur trioxide	Yes	Neutralize first	Decreases the soil pH, high levels of sodium are toxic for plants
Potassium bisulfite	Bleach or hydrogen peroxide can be used if desired	Decomposes to release sulfur dioxide and water vapors	Yes	Yes, but not recommended	High levels of sulfur dioxide are toxic for organisms
Potassium bitartrate	Not required; can be disposed in anyway	Decomposes, releasing combustion gasses, carbon oxides, water vapors	Yes	Yes	Safe, low toxicity; occurs during wine fermentation
Potassium bromate	Reduction with thiosulfate	Decomposes to potassium bromide and oxygen	Neutralize first	No	Toxic to plants, suspected carcinogen
Potassium bromide	Not required	May give off bromine vapors in the presence of water at high temperatures	Yes	Yes	Bromide ions pose little toxicity to wildlife in small amounts
Potassium carbonate	Any acid will do	No, very high temperatures decompose it to potassium oxide and carbon dioxide, which is quickly reabsorbed as it cools	Yes	OH YES	Excess may increase the soil level of potassium in the dumping area
Potassium chlorate	Reduction with metabisulfite, sulfite or bisulfite; a mixture of sulfuric acid and ferric ammonium sulfate can also be used	Melts and disproportionates to potassium perchlorate and potassium chloride	Small amounts can be dumped, as household bleach already contains a small percentage of chlorates, especially if it's old; Do not dump large quantities	No	Toxic to plants, was used as a weedkiller in the past
Potassium chloride	Not required	Melts, not useful	Yes	Yes, unless the soil is chloride sensitive	Presence of chlorides may have a harmful effect to some plants
Potassium chlorochromate	Neutralization with a reducing agent, such as ascorbic acid sodium metabisulfite, sulfite, bisulfite at acidic pH	Decomposes above 290 °C, releasing oxygen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Cr(VI) is a potent carcinogen and very toxic to organisms
Potassium chromate	Neutralization with a reducing agent, such as ascorbic acid sodium metabisulfite, sulfite, bisulfite at acidic pH	Decomposes above 1000 °C, releasing oxygen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Cr(VI) ions are powerful carcinogens and very toxic to organisms
Potassium cyanide	Oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, bleach, sodium thiosulfate to less harmful compounds, continued by oxidation to carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas	Melts and may oxidize in oxygen-rich atmosphere	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Highly toxic for all wildlife
Potassium dichromate	Reducing with a reducing agent, such as sodium metabisulfite, sulfite, bisulfite, ascorbic acid at acidic pH	Breaks down, releasing oxygen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Cr(VI) ions are carcinogenic and very toxic to organisms
Potassium ferrate	Any acid, hot water	Breaks down to iron(III) oxide and potassium hydroxide, best in the presence of moisture	Yes, but recommended to neutralize first	Yes, but recommended to neutralize first	Dangerous to wildlife in short term
Potassium ferricyanide	Not required for small amounts, dumped in trash	Breaks down to iron and potassium nitrides/oxides, releasing cyanide, carbon monoxide	Yes, but small amounts	Yes, but small amounts	Low toxicity to organisms, though tends to break down under UV light
Potassium ferrocyanide	Not required for small amounts, dumped in trash	Breaks down to iron and potassium nitrides/oxides, releasing cyanide, carbon monoxide	Yes, but small amounts	Yes, but small amounts	Low toxicity to organisms
Potassium hexachlorostannate	Precipitate to SnO2	Melts	Dilute it first	Dilute it first	Unknown environmental effects
Potassium hydrogen phthalate	Oxidation with oxidizing solutions, such as chromic acid, Fenton's reagent, piranha solution	Gives off carbon oxides, water vapors, soot and VOCs	Dilute it with plenty of water before release	Yes, but not recommended	Dangerous to environment in large amounts
Potassium hydroxide	Any acid, carbon dioxide	Not useful	Yes	Neutralize first; neutralized is a good source of potassium for plants	Dangerous to wildlife in short term
Potassium hypochlorite	Any reducing agent, such as sodium metabisulfite, bisulfite, sulfite, thiosulfate; Hydrogen peroxide	Disproportionates to potassium chlorate and potassium chloride, giving off chlorine	Yes	DO NOT DUMP	Very toxic to organisms, especially aquatic ones
Potassium iodatel	Reduction to potassium iodide; recycling	Decomposes, releasing oxygen, and iodine at high enough temperatures	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Potassium iodate may be harmful to organisms
Potassium iodide	Not required	May release iodine vapors in the presence of water	Yes	Yes	Low toxicity to wildlife
Potassium manganate	Any reducing agents, such as oxalic acid, hydrogen peroxide	Breaks down to manganese oxide and alkali	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Deadly to small organisms, dangerous to organisms in short term
Potassium metabisulfite	Bleach	Breaks down to release sulfur oxides	Yes	Yes	Dangerous to small organisms
Potassium nitrate	Not required	Gives off nitrogen oxides at very high temperatures; burns in presence of organic compounds, releasing carbon oxides, nitrogen and leaving behind alkaline slag	Yes	OH YES	Excellent fertilizer, though may lead to uncontrolled algae growth if dumped in water bodies
Potassium nitrite	Oxidation with sodium percarbonate, oxygen, ozone to nitrate; Thermal decomposition followed by conversion to potassium carbonate or sulfate	Decomposes to form potassium oxide/hydroxide and releases nitrogen oxides fumes	Yes, but not recommended unless diluted	Do not dump	Unlike nitrates, nitrites are poor source of nitrogen for plants; Nitrites are toxic for most animals due to the formation of nitrosamines
Potassium perchlorate	Reduction with metallic iron under UV light in the absence of air	Oxidizes flammable materials, burning them	Do not dump	Do not dump	Hazardous to aquatic life
Potassium periodatel	Reduction to potassium iodide; recycling	Decomposes, releasing oxygen, and iodine at high enough temperatures	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Potassium periodate may be harmful to organisms
Potassium permanganate	Hydrogen peroxide	Decomposes to manganese dioxide at high temperatures	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	The resulting manganese dioxide from the decomposition can be toxic if ingested by animals
Potassium peroxochromate	Potassium/sodium sulfite/metabisulfite/thiosulfate, ascorbic acid at acidic pH	Detonates, releasing potassium chromate, chromium(III) oxide fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Cr(VI) is harmful for the environment
Potassium peroxymonosulfate	Alkaline solution, sodium carbonate in water	Decomposes, releasing oxygen	Recommended be neutralized first	Must be neutralized first	Dangerous to the environment in short term
Potassium persulfate	Pyrolysis, various reducing agents	Decomposes	Do not dump	Do not dump	Strong oxidizer, toxic for wildlife
Potassium rhodizonate	Not always required; can be dumped in trash or poured down the drain	Releases carbon oxides, soot and leaves behind potassium carbonate	Yes	Yes	Safe, low toxicity
Potassium sodium tartrate	Not always required; can be disposed in anyway	Releases combustion gasses and leaves behind sodium and potassium carbonate	Yes	Yes	Safe, low toxicity
Potassium sorbate	Not required; can be poured down the drain or dumped in trash	Will decompose at high temperatures to release various hydrocarbons, carbon oxides, water vapors	Yes	Yes	Large quantities may be harmful to water bodies and small animals
Potassium sulfate	Not required	Releases sulfur oxides at very high temperatures	Yes	OH YES	Safe, good potassium source for plants
Potassium sulfite	Not required, simply pour down the drain; Bleach or hydrogen peroxide can be used if desired	Decomposes to release sulfur dioxide	Yes	Yes, but not recommended	Oxidation of aqueous potassium sulfite to sulfate reduces the amount of dissolved oxygen from water bodies
Potassium tert-butoxide	Dissolution in large amounts of water; poured down the drain	Decomposes to release carbon oxides, leaving behind basic potash	Strongly dilute it first	Strongly dilute it first	tert-Butanol has low environmental impact
Propane	Incineration	Burns in the presence of oxygen	Not possible	Not possible	Contributes to the greenhouse effect
Propanol	Incineration	Flammable, gives off carbon dioxide and water vapor	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Dangerous for wildlife and aquatic life
Propionaldehyde	Incineration; Sodium hydroxide	Generates carbon oxides and water vapors; some will evaporate when heated	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic and harmful to the wildlife
Propionic acid	Bicarbonates, carbonates, bases, oxides; neutralized solution can be safely poured down the drain	Flammable (high concentrations), no dangerous combustion products, though the smoke will have a rancid smell	Yes, but recommended to neutralize first	Neutralize first	Safe, biodegradable; avoid dumping large amounts, kills microbial lifeform
Propionic anhydride	Diluted solution of NaOH or KOH	Flammable, no dangerous combustion products	Yes	Yes	Biodegradable; avoid dumping large amounts, acidifies soil
Propylene carbonate	Incineration, first mix it with a more flammable solvent	Burns in the presence of oxygen	Yes	Yes	Low toxicity to organisms
Propylene glycol	Not required, though it can be mixed with a flammable solvent and burned	Generates carbon oxides and water vapor, as well as other toxic pyrolysis compounds	Yes	Yes	Little toxic effect on aquatic wildlife
Propylene glycol dinitrate	Photolysis; Hydrolysis with cold sodium hydroxide solution	Violent detonation	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to organisms; nitrate source for plants
Propylene oxide	Incineration; Hydrolysis	Burns, giving off combustion gases	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic and dangerous for all wildlife
Prussian blue	Hydrogen peroxide, bleach	May give off carbon oxides and nitrogen gasses at high temperatures, as well as cyanide	Yes	Yes	Contact with strong acids may release hydrogen cyanide
Pumice	Not required; dump it in trash; mix it with concrete	Not useful	Yes (powder or fine grains only, with plenty of water)	Yes	Low toxicity to organisms
Purple acid	Dilution in water followed by addition of NaOH solution	Decomposes to sulfuric acid, NOx	Do not dump	Do not dump	Corrosive and toxic
Pyranine	Not always required	Breaks down to combustion gasses and soot	Yes	Yes	Low toxicity to organisms
Pyridine	Incineration in a special incinerator; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Gives off carbon oxides, water vapors, soot, amines and nitrogen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife
Pyruvic acid	Any base, carbonate, bicarbonate, alkaline-earth oxide	Gives off carbon dioxide, water vapors and other side products	Yes	Yes	Safe, can be used as nourishment by organisms; Important role in Krebs cycle
Quinine	Dumped in trash, poured down the drain	Decomposes, releasing carbon oxides, water vapors, soot, pyridine derivatives	Yes	Yes	Low toxicity, though harmful for microorganisms
Quinoline	Incineration; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Gives off carbon oxides, water vapors, soot, amines and nitrogen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife
Raney nickel	Dissolved in acid, followed by recovery of nickel and aluminium Taken to hazardous waste disposal centers	Melts at 1455 °C	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife
RDX	Incineration, done outside; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent; Hot aqueous solution containing sodium hydroxide and sodium tetraborate	Ignites, gives off carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, water vapors, soot	Do not dump	Do not dump	Displays moderate toxicity to aquatic life; RDX can be degraded by the fungus Phanaerocheate chrysosporium
Resiniferatoxin	Not required at low concentrations; high concentrations may require an oxidizer, like bleach	Generates irritant smoke, carbon dioxide, soot and water vapor	Yes	Yes	Harmful for mammals at high concentrations, otherwise relative safe, biodegradable; Occurs naturally
Resorcinol	Mixed with a more flammable solvent and incinerated	Generates smoke, carbon dioxide and water vapors	Yes, but dilute it first	Yes, but dilute it first	Relative safe, biodegradable; Occurs naturally in small amounts
Rhodamine B	Not always required, any method will do	Decomposes, releases combustion gasses, POCs and VOCs	Yes	Yes	Unknown effects, doesn't appear to be harmful
Ribitol	Not required	Yields carbon oxides, water vapors	Yes	Yes	Low toxicity
Ricinoleic acid	Incineration; Not always required	Gives off carbon dioxide and water vapors	Yes	Yes	Low toxicity to environment in small amounts
Rose's metal	Recycling; Wastes should be taken to hazardous metal disposal centers	Melts at 95 °C	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	While bismuth and tin don't present great hazard to environment, lead does
Rosocyanine	Not required	Breaks down to carbon oxides and water vapors	Yes	Yes	Low toxicity to organisms
Rubber	Recycling; Taken to waste disposal centers; Dumped in trash	Decomposes and ignites, releasing large amounts of black smoke, soot, VOCs	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Natural rubber has low toxicity and is biodegradable; Synthetic and vulcanized rubber do not easily break down in the environment and are harmful for nature
Rubidium azide	Acidified sodium nitrite, nitrous acid; recycling of rubidium	Detonates and gives off nitrogen gas	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Very toxic for wildlife
Rubidium chloride	Recycling; Taken to waste disposal centers	Not useful in any way	Yes, though best to recycle it	Yes	Dangerous to organisms in very high concentrations; Rubidium ions have similar toxicity to those of sodium and potassium
Rubidium hydroxide	Neutralization with any acid, carbon dioxide; recycling;	Not useful; highly corrosive when hot to glass, most common metals	Yes, though best to recycle it	Yes, though best to recycle it	Dangerous to wildlife in short term (highly corrosive); Rubidium ions have similar toxicity to those of sodium and potassium
Rubidium nitrate	Recycling; Taken to waste disposal centers	Decomposes to rubidium nitrite above ~300 °C	Yes, though best to recycle it	Yes, though best to recycle it	Dangerous to organisms in very high concentrations; Rubidium ions have similar toxicity to those of sodium and potassium
Rubidium nitrite	Recycling; Taken to waste disposal centers	Decomposes above 450 °C	Yes, though best to recycle it	Yes, though best to recycle it	Dangerous to organisms in very high concentrations; Rubidium ions have similar toxicity to those of sodium and potassium
Safrole	Incineration; Not always required	Breaks down to combustion gasses, soot	Yes	Yes	Low toxicity to wildlife, occurs naturally
Salicylic acid	Not always required	Breaks down to phenol; at higher temperatures gives off carbon oxides, water vapors, soot and VOCs	Yes	Yes	Low toxicity to environment, occurs naturally
Schweizer's reagent	Any acid	Breaks down to copper(I) oxide, gives off water vapors and ammonia	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Copper ions and ammonia are toxic to most animals, especially small ones; ammonia can be a source of nitrogen for plants
sec-Butanol	Incineration, if no peroxides present; If peroxides are present, neutralize them with a reducing agent such as ferrous sulfate, sodium bisulfite or metabisulfite in excess, then incinerate; If the bottle has peroxides on the cap, do not open it, instead safely detonate it in a remote or special area	Will burn to release carbon dioxide and water vapors	Do not dump	Do not dump	Poses toxicity to wildlife, water bodies
Silicon carbide	Not required	Surface oxidation at high temperatures in oxygen; decomposes at its melting point	Not recommended, may clog the plumbing	Yes	Inert, safe for the environment
Silicon dioxide	Not required	At high temperatures results in melting; Can be used to indurate crystalline silica	Not recommended, may clog the plumbing	Yes	Finely divided silica is dangerous for fauna
Silver acetate	Photolysis; Reduction with a more reactive metal or a reducing agent like ascorbic acid; Recycling of silver	Breaks down to metallic silver, water and carbon dioxide at high temperatures	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife; silver microparticles are harmful if ingested
Silver acetylide	Addition of water, followed by careful addition of acid	Detonates	DO NOT DUMP!	DO NOT DUMP!	Silver particles may be harmful for wildlife
Silver azide	Nitrous acid, ammonium acetate, sodium dichromate	Detonates, releasing silver particles and nitrogen gas	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Very toxic for wildlife
Silver bromide	Photolysis; Reduction with a more reactive metal or a reducing agent like ascorbic acid; Recycling of silver	Breaks down to metallic silver and bromine at high temperatures	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife; silver microparticles are harmful if ingested
Silver carbonate	Photolysis; Reduction with a reducing agent like ascorbic acid or formaldehyde; Recycling of silver	Breaks down to metallic silver, oxygen and carbon dioxide above 120 °C	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife in short term; silver microparticles are harmful if ingested
Silver chloride	Photolysis; Reduction with a more reactive metal or a reducing agent like ascorbic acid; Recycling of silver	Breaks down to metallic silver and chlorine at high temperatures	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife; silver microparticles are harmful if ingested
Silver(I) fluoride	Reduction with a reducing agent like ascorbic acid or formaldehyde; Recycling of silver	Melts above 435 °C	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife; silver microparticles are harmful if ingested
Silver fulminate	Photolysis; Reduction with potassium thiocyanate or hydrochloric acid; Recycling of silver if possible	Explodes, releasing oxygen, nitrogen, carbon oxides and silver powder	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife in short term; silver microparticles are harmful if ingested
Silver iodide	Photolysis; Reduction with a more reactive metal or a reducing agent like ascorbic acid; Recycling of silver	Melts and breaks down to metallic silver and iodine at high temperatures	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife; silver microparticles are harmful if ingested
Silver nitrate	Photolysis; Reduction with a more reactive metal or a reducing agent like ascorbic acid; Recycling of silver	Breaks down to metallic silver, oxygen and nitrogen dioxide at high temperatures	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife in short term; silver microparticles are harmful if ingested
Silver nitrite	Photolysis; Reduction with a more reactive metal or a reducing agent like ascorbic acid; Recycling of silver	Breaks down to metallic silver, oxygen and nitrogen oxides at high temperatures	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife in short term; silver microparticles are harmful if ingested
Silver perchlorate	Reduction with a more reactive metal or a reducing agent like ascorbic acid; Recycling of silver	Breaks down to metallic silver, silver chloride, oxygen, chlorine at high temperatures	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife in short term; silver microparticles are harmful if ingested
Silver sulfate	Photolysis; Reduction with a more reactive metal or a reducing agent like ascorbic acid; Recycling of silver	Breaks down to metallic silver, oxygen and/or sulfur dioxide/trioxide at high temperatures	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife; silver microparticles are harmful if ingested
Slag	Unnecessary	Not useful, already byproduct of high-temperature reactions	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Slag is harmful for environment, especially if heavy metals are present
Smokeless powder	Controlled incineration; dumping in soil	Ignites	Not recommended	Yes, but in low amounts	Somewhat good as a fertilizer, though expensive; Acts as a slow-release nitrogen source for plants
Soap	Poured down the drain	Decomposes and burns at high temperatures, releasing lots of soot, carbon dioxide and water vapors	Yes	Not recommended	High levels of sodium are toxic for plants; anionic surfactants are harmful for environment
Sodium acetate	Not always required	Results in sodium carbonate and acetone at high temperatures, then carbon dioxide and water vapors	Yes	Not recommended	High levels of sodium are toxic for plants
Sodium acetylsalicylate	Pyrolysis; Not always required	Gives off carbon dioxide, water vapors and soot	Yes	Not recommended	Sodium is toxic for plants
Sodium aluminium hydride	Neutralization with an alkali or carbonate solution; adding the compound in small bits in large volumes of water and alcohol	Decomposes to release hydrogen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Corrosive to organisms, will increase the aluminium concentration in soil or water
Sodium amide	Cooled alcoholic solution with small amounts of a weak acid; addition of amide in small amounts	Ignites in air	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely harmful to environment in short term
Sodium azide	Sodium nitrite, nitrous acid	Breaks down to sodium metal and gives off nitrogen gas	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Very toxic for wildlife
Sodium benzoate	Not always required	May give off benzene vapors	Yes	Yes, but not in large quantities	Too much sodium is harmful to plants; Reaction with certain compounds may release traces of benzene; otherwise safe, occurs naturally
Sodium bicarbonate	Any acid or base; not generally required	Converts to sodium carbonate	Yes	No	High levels of sodium are toxic for plants
Sodium bismuthate	Hydrolysis; neutralization with hydrogen peroxide	Breaks down to its constituent oxides, both dry and as solution	Do not dump	Do not dump	Dangerous to organisms due to its strong oxidizing properties; high amounts of bismuth are toxic
Sodium bisulfate	Any base, carbonate, bicarbonate	Not useful	Yes	Do not dump	Decreases the soil pH, high levels of sodium are toxic for plants
Sodium bisulfite	Not required; Bleach or hydrogen peroxide can be used if desired	Decomposes to release sulfur dioxide	Yes	Yes, but not recommended	High levels of sodium are toxic for plants
Sodium borohydride	Neutralization with an alkali or carbonate solution; Slow addition in a large volume of water or alcohol	Decomposes to release hydrogen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Corrosive to organisms, will increase the boron concentration in soil or water
Sodium bromate	Reduction with thiosulfate	Decomposes to sodium bromide and oxygen	Neutralize first	No	Toxic to plants, suspected carcinogen
Sodium bromide	Not required	May give off bromine vapors in the presence of water at high temperatures	Yes	Yes	Bromide ions pose little toxicity to wildlife in small amounts
Sodium carbonate	Any acid; Not generally required	Not useful	Yes	No	High levels of sodium are toxic for plants
Sodium chlorate	Reduction with metabisulfite, sulfite or bisulfite; a mixture of sulfuric acid and ferric ammonium sulfate can also be used	Melts and disproportionates to sodium perchlorate and sodium chloride	Small amounts can be dumped, as household bleach already contains a small percentage of chlorates, especially if it's old; Do not dump large quantities though	No	Toxic to plants, was used as a weedkiller in the past
Sodium chloride	Not required	Not useful	Yes	No	High levels of sodium are toxic for plants
Sodium chlorite	Reduction with metabisulfite, sulfite or bisulfite	Melts and decomposes	Small amounts can be dumped; Do not dump large quantities though	Do not dump	Toxic to plants, animals, biocide
Sodium chromate	Reducing with a reducing agent, such as sodium metabisulfite, sulfite, bisulfite, ascorbic acid at acidic pH	Breaks down, releasing oxygen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Cr(VI) ions are carcinogenic and very toxic to organisms
Sodium cyanide	Oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, bleach, sodium thiosulfate to less harmful compounds, continued by oxidation to carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas	Melts and may oxidize in oxygen-rich atmosphere	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Highly toxic for all wildlife
Sodium cyanoborohydride	Neutralization of cyanide; Slow decomposition in a large volume of water or alcohol	Decomposes to release HCN, hydrogen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Cyanide is toxic to organisms, will increase the boron concentration in soil or water
Sodium dichromate	Reducing with a reducing agent, such as sodium metabisulfite, sulfite, bisulfite, ascorbic acid at acidic pH	Breaks down, releasing oxygen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Cr(VI) ions are carcinogenic and very toxic to organisms
Sodium dithionite	Dilution in water, followed by bleach or hydrogen peroxide	Breaks down to sodium sulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium thiosulfate, sulfur dioxide	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Oxidation may ignite flammable materials
Sodium dodecyl sulfate	Mixed with a flammable solvent and incinerated; Poured down the drain	Gives off carbon oxides, water vapors, sulfur oxides	Yes	Yes	Low environmental impact
Sodium ethoxide	Slow addition to a large volume of water, best with small amounts of a carboxylic acid, such as acetic or citric acid	Breaks down to release flammable gasses	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic and very corrosive to most organisms; Raises pH in water bodies High levels of sodium are toxic for plants
Sodium ferrate	Diluted organic solutions will reduce it to its constituent oxides	Breaks down to its constituent oxides, both dry and as solution	Yes	Not recommended due to its sodium content	Dangerous to organisms due to its strong oxidizing properties
Sodium fluoride	Precipitate to calcium fluoride	Not useful	Do not dump	Do not dump	Dangerous to organisms, poisonous
Sodium formate	Pyrolysis, best done in a kiln	Decomposes to sodium oxalate, then carbonate, releasing carbon monoxide and water vapors	Yes	Not recommended due to its sodium content	High levels of sodium are toxic to plants
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate	Not required	Breaks down at high temperatures releasing aluminium fluoride, HF fumes	Not recommended	Yes	Relative safe to environment, harmful for insects and small animals; occurs naturally
Sodium hexametaphosphate	Not required; can be dumped in trash	Breaks down to sodium polyphosphates and sodium oxide, giving off phosphorus oxide fumes at high temperatures	Yes	No	High levels of sodium are toxic for plants
Sodium hydride	Neutralization with a concentrated alkali or carbonate solution, alcohols, long chain alcohols are preferred; best performed in an open area	Decomposes to release hydrogen at very high temperatures	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Corrosive to organisms, harmful to wildlife
Sodium hydroxide	Any acid, carbon dioxide	Not useful	Yes	Do not dump	Dangerous to wildlife in short term; toxic to plants due to sodium ions
Sodium hypochlorite	Any reducing agent, such as sodium metabisulfite, bisulfite, sulfite, thiosulfate; Hydrogen peroxide	Disproportionates to sodium chlorate and sodium chloride, giving off chlorine	Yes	DO NOT DUMP	Very toxic to organisms, especially aquatic ones; High levels of sodium are toxic for plants
Sodium hypophosphite	Diluted cooled hydrogen peroxide solution	Decomposes to disodium phosphate and phosphine	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Harmful to organisms, especially aquatic ones
Sodium iodide	Not required	May release iodine vapors in the presence of water	Yes	Yes	Low toxicity to wildlife
Sodium metabisulfite	Bleach	Breaks down to release sulfur oxides	Yes	No	Toxic to most fauna; High levels of sodium are toxic for plants
Sodium methoxide	Dissolution in a large volume of water slowly, best with small amounts of a carboxylic acid, such as acetic acid	Breaks down to release flammable gasses	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic and very corrosive to most organisms; Raises pH in water bodies High levels of sodium are toxic for plants
Sodium methyl sulfate	Addition in large amounts of water, followed by addition of aq. alkali	Decomposes to dimethyl sulfate, DO NOT	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Corrosive and toxic
Sodium molybdate	Not required	Decomposes to molybdenum oxides and sodium hydroxide/oxide	Yes, but dilute first	Yes, but dilute first	Used as fertilizer
Sodium nitrate	Not always required; Ammonium sulfate	Not useful; may convert to sodium nitrite	Yes	No	While it is a good source of nitrogen for plants, high levels of sodium are generally undesired in soils
Sodium nitrite	Oxidation with sodium percarbonate, oxygen, ozone to nitrate; Thermal decomposition followed by conversion to sodium carbonate or sulfate	Decomposes to form sodium oxide/hydroxide and releases nitrogen oxides fumes	Yes, but not recommended	No	Unlike nitrates, nitrites are poor source of nitrogen for plants; High levels of sodium are generally undesired in soils; Nitrites are toxic for most animals
Sodium nitroprusside	Not required for small amounts, dumped in trash. Bleach can be used to neutralize the compound	Breaks down to iron and potassium nitrides/oxides, releasing cyanide, carbon monoxide	Yes, but small amounts	Yes, but small amounts	Low toxicity to organisms
Sodium orotate	Pyrolysis; diluted and poured down the drain	Decomposes on heating to release carbon oxides and various organic compounds	Yes, if diluted	Yes, if diluted	May pose a threat to wildlife in large amounts due to its sodium content
Sodium oxalate	Pyrolysis; poured down the drain	Decomposes on heating to release carbon monoxide	Yes, if diluted	Yes, if diluted	May pose a threat to wildlife in large amounts since it's a sodium salt; Occurs naturally as mineral
Sodium oxide	Slow addition to diluted solution of phosphoric acid	Not useful	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Corrosive and toxic for wildlife
Sodium perborate	A reducing agent like sodium thiosulfate or sulfite; Generally not required though	Decomposes to release water vapors and oxygen, leaving behind sodium borate	Yes	No	Hydrogen peroxide in harmful for organisms; High levels of sodium and boron are toxic for plants
Sodium percarbonate	Any acid; Iron(III) oxide or manganese dioxide can also be added for complete neutralization; Generally not required though	Decomposes to release water vapors and oxygen, leaving behind sodium carbonate	Yes	No	Hydrogen peroxide in harmful for organisms; High levels of sodium are toxic for plants
Sodium perchlorate	Reduction with metallic iron under UV light in the absence of air	Burns in a mixture with flammable materials	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife
Sodium permanganate	Hydrogen peroxide	Decomposes to manganese dioxide and sodium oxide/hydroxide at high temperatures	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	The resulting manganese dioxide from the decomposition can be toxic if ingested by animals
Sodium peroxide	Any acid and manganese dioxide	Not useful	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Corrosive and toxic for wildlife
Sodium persulfate	Pyrolysis, various reducing agents	Decomposes	Neutralize first	Neutralize first	Strong oxidizer, harmful for wildlife
Sodium pyrosulfate	Hydrolyzes in water to sulfuric acid; addition of a base to neutralize the acid	Decomposes releasing sulfur trioxide	Dilute first	Dilute first	Oxidizer, harmful; excess sodium harmful for plants
Sodium silicate	Any acid	Not useful	Not recommended	Only in places without plant or animal life (construction sites, quarries, etc.)	Sodium ions are toxic to plant roots
Sodium sulfate	Not required	Not useful	Yes	No	High levels of sodium are toxic for plants
Sodium sulfide	Hydrogen peroxide, bleach	May give off hydrogen sulfide in the presence of water at high temperatures	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife
Sodium sulfite	Not required; Bleach can be used if desired	Decomposes to release sulfur dioxide	Yes	Yes, but not recommended	High levels of sodium are toxic for plants
Sodium thiosulfate	Bleach	Gives off sulfur oxide gasses	Yes	Yes, but not in large quantities	Breaks down rapidly in the environment due to air and microorganisms, yielding sulfides and sulfates.
Sodium triacetoxyborohydride	Slow decomposition in a large volume of water or alcohol	Decomposes to release acetic acid, hydrogen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Harmful, will increase the boron concentration in soil or water
Solochrome cyanine R	Not required	Decomposes	Dilute it first	Dilute it first	Unknown effects on the environemnt
Sorbic acid	Not needed	Melts; Decomposes releasing carbon dioxide and water vapor at high temperatures	Yes	Yes	Safe, nourishment for organisms, though harmful for bacteria
Sorbitol	Not required	Melts; Releases carbon dioxide and water vapor at high temperatures	Yes	Yes	Cannot be digested by most organisms, but has no dangerous effects on wildlife
Stainless steel	Recycling; Traces of stainless steel waste don't require chemical neutralization as SS is sufficiently inert that it can't do any significant damage to the environment. If magnetic, a magnet can be used to scoop all the pieces	Not useful; melts above 1500 °C	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Stainless steel alloys contain chromium which will slowly leak in the environment and may increase the level of chromium in the environment; Some SS alloys may have nickel which is harmful to the environment
Starch	Any disposal method	Decomposes to release carbon oxides, water vapors	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; Nourishment for almost all organisms
Steel	Recycling; Steel waste don't require chemical neutralization as it's mostly iron which has low environmental impact. Since it's magnetic, a magnet can be used to scoop all steel leftovers	Not useful; melts above 1300 °C	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Some steel alloys contain nickel which will leak in the environment which is harmful to the environment
Strontium carbonate	Any acid; Not required; Can be safely dumped in trash	Breaks down to strontium oxide and carbon dioxide at high temperatures; reverts as it cools	Yes	Yes	Strontium has little effect on environment
Strontium chloride	Not required; Any soluble carbonate or sulfate	Not useful; May release some HCl fumes if wet	Yes	Yes	Chloride ions may be harmful to plants
Strontium nitrate	Not required; May be converted to strontium sulfate or just dumped in soil	Breaks down to strontium oxide, oxygen and nitrogen dioxide at high temperatures	Yes	Yes	Strontium has little effect on environment
Strontium oxide	Lots of water; any diluted acid	Not useful	Neutralize first	Neutralize first	Will burn grass on contact; strontium has little effect on environment
Strontium sulfate	Not required	Decomposes to strontium oxide at very high temperatures	Yes, with lots and lots of water	Yes	Low environmental impact, occurs naturally
Styphnic acid	Careful and controlled destruction using an oxidizing solution; bubbling chlorine in a dil. acidified solution	May explode	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic to all organisms; metal salts are sensitive explosives
Styrene	Oxidation with Fenton's reagent; Incineration with afterburner incinerators	Generates dangerous combustion products	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Avoid releasing in environment, toxic, carcinogen
Succinic acid	Not always required, can be dumped in trash	Decomposes releasing acrid smoke, carbon oxides, water vapors and soot	Yes	Yes	Source of food for some organisms
Succinonitrile	Careful addition to bleach; Dissolved in a flammable solvent and incinerated	Decomposes releasing cyanide	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Degradation releases free cyanide, which is extremely toxic to organisms
Sucrose	Not always required	Turns into caramel if gently heated and soot at high temperatures	Yes	Yes	Source of food for many small animals
Sulfamic acid	Aqueous solution of NaOH, slow addition; poured down the drain after neutralization	Above 205 °C decomposes to water, sulfur trioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen	Yes, though preferably neutralized first	DO NOT DUMP	Harmful and corrosive for environment
Sulfanilamide	Not required, small amounts can be poured down the drain or trash	Decomposes releasing carbon and sulfur oxides, nitrogen gas and soot	Yes, small amounts	Do not dump	Toxic to microbial life and harmful to aquatic bodies
Sulfanilic acid	Neutralization with a base; Destruction with an oxidizing agent, may not be required for small amounts	Decomposes releasing carbon and sulfur oxides, nitrogen gas and soot	Yes, small amounts	Do not dump	Harmful to organisms and aquatic bodies
Sulfolane	Mixed with a more flammable solvent, followed by incineration; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent if it has too much water	Results in carbon oxides, water vapors and sulfur dioxide	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Environmental effects unclear
Sulfur dichloride	Any base, carbonate, bicarbonate, best as aqueous solution/suspension	Boils off	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely corrosive and toxic to all organisms
Sulfur dioxide	Any base, bleach (solution); hydrogen sulfide, ammonia (gaseous)	Not useful	Not possible (gas)	Not possible (gas)	Contributes to acid rain
Sulfur trioxide	Dry calcium carbonate; ammonia	Not useful	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Deadly and extremely corrosive to all life; contact with moist air produces sulfuric acid mist; contributes to acid rain
Sulfur hexafluoride	Not required	May lead to sulfur dioxides and fluorine at very high temperatures	Not possible	Yes	Strong greenhouse effect
Sulfuric acid	Any base, carbonate, bicarbonate;	Not useful	Only if it's followed by large amounts of water; Though best to neutralize it first	DO NOT DUMP	Corrosive and deadly to wildlife; Lowers soil pH; Corrosive to rocks
Sulfuryl chloride	Any base, carbonate, bicarbonate;	Not useful	Neutralize it first	Neutralize it first	Corrosive and deadly to all wildlife; Lowers soil pH; Corrosive to rocks, soil
Tagatose	Not required; can be disposed in any way	Will decompose to caramel and carbon if heated too long	Yes	Yes	Non-toxic to environment, nourishment for many organisms
Tannerite	VERY controlled incineration	Burns, almost never detonates	DO NOT DUMP!	DO NOT DUMP!	While ammonium nitrate is a good nitrogen source for plants, the aluminium and other impurities present are generally harmful for wildlife
Tartaric acid	Not required; can be disposed in anyway	Decomposes, releasing combustion gasses, carbon oxides, water vapors	Yes	Yes	Safe, low toxicity; occurs naturally in fruits in large concentrations
Tartrazine	Strong dilution in lots of water an poured down the drain; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent, chromic acid	Generates carbon oxides, water vapor, soot and nitrogen vapors	Strong dilution	Strong dilution	Not suspected to be bioaccumulative
TATB	Incineration in a kiln; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Burns and decomposes to release combustion gases and soot	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to the environment, though limited data is available
Terbium(III) oxide	Unnecessary, simply dump in trash	Releases absorbed water or carbon dioxide	Unnecessary	Yes	Effects unknown, may stimulate plant growth
Terbium acetate	No required, simply dump in trash or recycle	Breaks down at high temperatures to release carbon oxides	Yes	Yes	Effects unknown
Terbium sulfate	No required, simply dump in trash	Breaks down at high temperatures to release sulfur oxides	Yes	Yes	Effects unknown
tert-Amyl alcohol	Incineration, oxidation with Fenton's reagent, strongly diluted and poured down the drain	Will burn to release carbon dioxide and water vapors	Dilute first	Dilute first	Poses moderate toxicity to wildlife, water bodies
tert-Butanol	Incineration, oxidation with Fenton's reagent, strongly diluted and poured down the drain	Will burn to release carbon dioxide and water vapors	Dilute first	Dilute first	Poses moderate toxicity to wildlife, water bodies
tert-Butyl chloride	Incineration, oxidation with Fenton's reagent; hydrolysis, followed by dilution, then poured down the drain	Will burn to release carbon dioxide, water vapors and HCl fumes	Dilute to hydrolyze first	Dilute to hydrolyze first	Poses moderate toxicity to wildlife, water bodies
Tetraamine copper(II) complex	Pyrolysis; any acid	Gives off water vapors and ammonia, leaving copper oxide behind	Yes, unless there's copper or brass plumbing	No	Copper ions pose toxicity to most organisms
Tetraaminecopper(II) persulphate	Controlled detonation; Any acid	Detonation, releasing ammonia, sulfur dioxide copper oxide	Do not dump	Do not dump	Copper ions are toxic to small animals
Tetrabutyltin	Addition of diluted mineral acid; Addition of aq. NaOH to hydrolyze butyl derivates to butanol; Separation of compounds, incineration of butanol; Tin waste can be dumped in trash or taken to disposal centers	Decomposes above 265 °C, may ignite in open air above 107 °C in the presence of a flame	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Tin compounds are known to be harmful
Tetrachlorocupric acid	Any base, carbonate, bicarbonate	Gives off hydrochloric acid fumes, leaving copper oxide behind	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Corrosive and toxic for wildlife
Tetrahydrofuran	Incineration (no peroxides); Adding excess ferrous sulfate, sodium bisulfite or metabisulfite to neutralize the peroxides, followed by incineration; If the bottle has peroxides on the cap, do not open it, instead safely detonate it in a remote or special area	Burns, giving off combustion gasses	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic and dangerous for wildlife
Tetralin	Mixed with a more flammable solvent and incinerated	Ignites at high temperatures and generates carbon oxides, water vapors, carbon monoxide, soot, VOCs	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Harmful to wildlife and water bodies
Tetranitroglycoluril	Incineration, done outside	Ignites, gives off carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, water vapors, soot	Do not dump	Do not dump	Little information about its environmental impact
Tetryl	Incineration, done outside; Controlled oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Ignites, gives off carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, water vapors, soot	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Displays moderate toxicity to aquatic life
Thioglycolic acid	Hydrogen peroxide, bleach; poured down the drain	Decomposes to release sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide	Neutralize it with bleach or hydrogen peroxide first	Not recommended	Harmful to organisms due to its ability to weaken S-S bonds in various tissues
Thionyl chloride	Any base, carbonate, bicarbonate;	Not useful; Decomposes to release sulfur dioxide and chlorine	NO! Neutralize it first!	NO! Neutralize it first!	Corrosive and deadly to all wildlife; Lowers soil pH; Corrosive to rocks, soil
Thiophene	Oxidation with an oxidizing solution, such as Fenton's reagent, piranha solution or chromic acid	Generates carbon oxides, water vapor, sulfur oxides, soot, sulfur	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Harmful to wildlife
Thiourea	Oxidation with an oxidizing solution, such as Fenton's reagent, piranha solution or chromic acid	Generates carbon oxides, water vapor, sulfur oxides, soot and nitrogen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Harmful to wildlife
Thiourea dioxide	Pyrolysis, preferably in an oxidizing atmosphere; strong dilution and poured down the drain	Generates carbon oxides, sulfur oxides, water vapors and nitrogen	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Harmful to wildlife
Threitol	Not required	Yields carbon oxides, water vapors	Yes	Yes	Low toxicity to environment
Tin(II) chloride	Excess base, carbonate, bicarbonate; Should be taken to waste disposal centers	Gives off hydrochloric acid fumes in the presence of moisture	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Corrosive and toxic to wildlife
Tin(IV) chloride	Any base, carbonate, bicarbonate; Should be taken to waste disposal centers	Gives off hydrochloric acid fumes in moist air	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Corrosive and toxic to wildlife
Titan yellow	Destroyed with an oxidizing mixture; Diluted and poured down the drain	Decomposes giving off carbon oxides, sulfur oxides, nitrogen, water, soot, VOCs	Yes, but not recommended	Yes, but not recommended	May be harmful to microorganisms, fauna and water bodies
Titanium dioxide	Not required; Can be dumped in trash	Not useful; Fuses in the presence of alkaline and alkaline-earth oxides and hydroxides to titanates	Yes, but not recommended	Yes, but not recommended	May lead to staining water bodies and soil in a white color
Titanium nitrate	Dissolving it in water, followed by precipitation of titanium dioxide by adding an alkali	Decomposes releasing nitrogen dioxide	Not recommended	Not recommended	Potentially harmful; Nitrates may serve as nourishment for plants; Titanium compounds show moderate toxicity
Titanium nitride	Not required; Can be dumped in trash	Not useful; May react with alkaline and alkaline-earth oxides and hydroxides to titanates	Yes, but not recommended	Yes, but not recommended	May lead to staining, irritant, abrasive
Titanium(IV) chloride	CAREFUL addition to a diluted aqueous alkaline solution	Not useful; boils and hydrolyzes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Corrosive and harmful to all organisms
Toluene	Oxidation with Fenton's reagent; Incineration, best done with an afterburner	Flammable, burns in air to release carbon oxides, water vapors, soot, VOCs	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife and very dangerous to aquatic life, as well as soil
Triaminoguanidine	Oxidation with Fenton's reagent or piranha solution	Generates carbon oxides, water vapor, soot and nitrogen vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Considered to be harmful, but little is known about its toxicity
Trichloroacetic acid	Neutralization and dehalogenation with excess sodium hydroxide; Reduction with metallic powders to acetic acid	Evaporates and burns at high temperatures, releasing toxic fumes	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic and corrosive to most wildlife
Trichloroethylene	Sodium hydroxide; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Not useful	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife
Trichloroisocyanuric acid	Sodium thiosulfate, sulfite, bisulfite, metabisulfite	Breaks down to release chlorine	Yes	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife
Triethanolamine	Mixed with a more flammable solvent and incinerated	Yields carbon oxides, water vapor at high temperatures	Strongly diluted	Not recommended	Toxic to organisms, dangerous to aquatic and soil life
Triethyl borate	Incineration; Hydrolysis with water	Burns in air	Not recommended	Not recommended	Effects unknown to environment
Triethyl citrate	Diluted with another solvent, followed by incineration	Burns in air, releasing carbon dioxide, water vapors, soot and acrid fumes	Yes, but not recommended	Yes, but not recommended	Low toxicity to organisms, may harm water bodies
Triethylamine	Diluted with another solvent, followed by incineration; Neutralization with an acid and destroyed via oxidation	Burns in air	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to most lifeforms, dangerous to water bodies
Trifluoroacetic acid	Bicarbonates, carbonates, bases, oxides	Boils off	Neutralize first	DO NOT DUMP	Corrosive and poisonous to organisms; does not readily degrade in environment, but does not bioaccumulate
Trimethyl borate	Incineration; Hydrolysis with water	Burns in air	Not recommended	Not recommended	Effects unknown to environment
Trimethyl phosphate	Hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide	Decomposes and may ignite at high temperatures, releasing carbon and phopshorus oxides	Not recommended	Not recommended	Effects unknown to environment
Trimethylphosphine	Incineration	Burns in air releasing carbon and phosphorus oxides	Not recommended	Not recommended	Extremely toxic to organisms; Other environmental effects unknown
Trinitroaniline	Strong dilution, followed by addition of dil. NaOH; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Burns and decomposes to release combustion gasses and soot, may explode	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic to the environment, especially for animals
Trinitrophloroglucinol	Careful and controlled destruction using an oxidizing solution	May explode	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic to all organisms
Trinitrotoluene	Oxidation with Fenton's reagent	Burns and decomposes to release combustion gasses and soot	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Extremely toxic to the environment, especially for animals
Triphenylmethanol	Dissolved in a more flammable solvent and incinerated	Flammable, gives off carbon dioxide, PAHs, soot and water vapors	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Potentially harmful for wildlife and aquatic life in large concentrations
Triphenylphosphine	Incineration	Burns in air releasing carbon and phosphorus oxides	Not recommended	Not recommended	Effects unknown to environment
Tris(ethylenediamine)nickel perchlorate	Safe detonation; Residual perchlorates can be destroyed by adding metallic iron under UV light, in the absence of air.	Detonates	Do not dump	Do not dump	Nickel and perchlorates are toxic to environment
Tungsten carbide	Not required; can be dumped in trash or taken to waste disposal centers	Not useful (refractory)	DO NOT DUMP	Yes (if pure); No (if it contains cobalt)	Toxic to the environment if it contains cobalt
Urea	Not required	Generates carbon oxides, nitrogen fumes; May corrode metal container, if done in one	Yes	OH YES	May cause uncontrolled algae growth in water bodies
Urea nitrate	Cooled basic solution (NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2)	Decomposes when burned; May explode if heated at high temperatures	Yes	OH YES!	Safe, good fertilizer; May cause uncontrolled algae growth in water bodies
Urea peroxide	Water, iron(III) oxide, manganese dioxide	Decomposes when heated to high temperatures, releasing water vapor	Yes	Yes, though not recommended in large quantities	Irritant and corrosive to large organisms, kills small organisms
Vanadium pentoxide	Not required; should be taken to disposal facilities	Not useful; Turns into oxides of lower states at high temperatures	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Vanadium ions pose toxicity for wildlife
Violuric acid	Not required; and oxidizing mixture may be used to oxidize it completely if desired	Decomposes above 250 °C to release carbon dioxide, water vapors and soot	Dilute first	Dilute first	There is little data available for its environmental effects, doesn't appear to be toxic
Warfarin	Strong dilution in lots of water an poured down the drain; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent, chromic acid	Generates carbon oxides, water vapor, soot and nitrogen vapors	Strong dilution	Strong dilution	Lethal to small animals and toxic to larger ones in small amounts; Not suspected to be bioaccumulative
Water	Not required	Leads to steam	YES	YES	It's...water
Whistle mix	Dissolution in water; Reduction with sodium thiosulfate, sulfite, metabisulfite	Detonates	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Potassium chlorate is a potent herbicide
Wood	Incineration; Dumping in trash	Will burn if ignited, releasing carbon oxides, water vapors and soot	Do not dump	Do not dump uncomposted	Uncomposted wood is harmful for environment, especially sawdust
Wood's metal	Recycling; Wastes should be taken to hazardous metal disposal centers	Melts at 70 °C and gives off harmful cadmium fumes at high temperatures	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	While bismuth and tin don't present great hazard to environment, lead and cadmium do
Xanthan gum	Not required	Pyrolysis gives foul smelling compounds	Yes	Yes	Safe, biodegradable; nourishment for many organisms
Xanthatin	Not required	Burns at high temperatures, releasing carbon dioxide, water and soot	Yes, but dilute first	Yes, but dilute first	Safe, biodegradable
Xylene	Oxidation with Fenton's reagent; Incineration, best with an afterburner	Burns in air, to release combustion gasses, soot and VOCs	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife and hazardous to water bodies
Xylitol	Not required	Melts when heated; not useful	Yes	Yes	Cannot be digested by most lifeforms, otherwise little to no toxicity to most organisms; It is however known to be fatal to dogs and some birds
Xylitol pentanitrate	Cooled aqueous solution of excess sodium hydroxide	Detonates at temperatures > 160 °C	DO NOT DUMP	In small amounts	Dangerous to animals due to its vasodilator effects; harmless to plants, nitrogen source for plant life
Ytterbium(III) oxide	Unnecessary, simply dump in trash; recycle	Releases absorbed water or carbon dioxide	Do not dump	Do not dump	Effects unknown, may be toxic
Yttrium(III) oxide	Unnecessary, simply dump in trash; recycle	Releases absorbed water or carbon dioxide	Do not dump	Do not dump	Effects unknown, may be toxic
Zamak	Recycling; Traces of zamak waste can be dissolved with nitric acid, followed by neutralization of leftover acid, recovering copper and zinc via electrowinning	Not useful; melts above 380 °C and may fume	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Low quality zamak may contain lead or cadmium which are harmful to the environment
Zeolite	Not required	Calcinates at high temperatures	Yes, but not recommended	Yes	Unless contaminated with hazardous compounds, it poses little danger to environment
Zinc acetate	Not required	Breaks down to zinc oxide, carbon oxides, water, acetone, acetic anhydride (?) at high temperatures	Yes	Yes	Unless contaminated, good source of zinc for plants, though a bit too acidic; may lower soil pH
Zinc carbonate	Not required	Breaks down to zinc oxide and carbon oxide at high temperatures	Yes	Yes	Unless contaminated, good source of zinc for plants, though a bit too alkaline
Zinc chloride	Any base, carbonate, bicarbonate	Gives off hydrochloric acid fumes if moist	Neutralize first	Neutralize first	Chlorides are dangerous for chloride-sensitive plants in large quantities
Zinc chromate	Reducing with a reducing agent, such as sodium metabisulfite, sulfite, bisulfite, ascorbic acid	Not very useful	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Cr(VI) is toxic for wildlife
Zinc nitrate	Sodium, potassium or ammonium carbonate/bicarbonate to precipitate zinc carbonate which is inert; recovery of alkali nitrates, dilution of zinc carbonate and poured down the drain	Decomposes to zinc oxide, releasing nitrogen dioxide and oxigen	Yes, but not recommended	Dilute it strongly	May pose a threat to aquatic life in large quantities; may cause unwanted algal bloom; source of zinc and nitrogen to plants
Zinc oxide	Not required; Weak acids can be used to dissolve zinc oxide stains to soluble zinc compounds	Turns the oxide yellow at high temperatures; process is reversible	Not recommended	Yes, but not recommended	May pose a threat to aquatic life in large quantities
Zinc perchlorate	Precipitation with a soluble hydroxide; Reduction of perchlorate to chloride	Gives off chlorine oxide fumes, leaving behind zinc oxide slag; may decompose violently if organic contaminant present	DO NOT DUMP!	DO NOT DUMP!	Perchlorates are toxic to wildlife
Zinc peroxide	Hydrolysis with water; Any acid	May explode at over 212 °C	Best to neutralize it first	No	Peroxides are deadly to small animals
Zinc phosphate	Not required	Not useful	No	Yes	Source of zinc and phosphorus for wildlife
Zinc sulfate	Not always required; Zinc metal can be recovered through electrowinning and the diluted sulfuric acid neutralized with a base	Not useful	Yes	Yes	Unless contaminated, is a good source of zinc for plants
Zinc sulfide	Hydrogen peroxide	May give off hydrogen sulfide in the presence of water at high temperatures	DO NOT DUMP	DO NOT DUMP	Toxic to wildlife
Zingiberene	Not required	Burns at high temperatures, releasing carbon dioxide, water and soot	Yes, but dilute first	Yes, but dilute first	Safe, biodegradable
Zirconium nitrate	Dissolving it in water, followed by precipitation of zirconium dioxide by adding an alkali	Decomposes releasing nitrogen dioxide	Not recommended	Not recommended	Potentially harmful; Nitrates may serve as nourishment for plants; Zirconium displays moderate toxicity
Zirconyl chloride	Precipitate to zirconium oxide; recycle	Decomposes releasing HCl and water vapors	Do not dump	Do not dump	Unknown effects

References

Relevant Sciencemadness threads

• Lab Waste Disposal
• Waste disposal
• Safe disposal/handling of lead in a domestic setting