Mannitol
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
(2R,3R,4R,5R)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol
| |
| Other names
D-Mannitol
Manna sugar Mannite Osmitrol | |
| Properties | |
| C6H14O6 | |
| Molar mass | 182.172 g/mol |
| Appearance | White crystalline solid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.52 g/cm3 (20 °C)[1] |
| Melting point | 167–170 °C (333–338 °F; 440–443 K) |
| Boiling point | Decomposes |
| 18.2 g/100 ml (20 °C) 21.6 g/100 ml (25 °C) | |
| Solubility | Soluble in aniline, pyridine Insoluble in ethers |
| Solubility in ammonia | 172 g/100 g (0 °C) 182 g/100 g (20 °C) 201 g/100 g (30 °C)[2] |
| Solubility in ethanol | 0.003 g/100 ml (0 °C) 0.010 g/100 ml (15 °C) 0.030 g/100 ml (25 °C) 0.075 g/100 ml (35 °C) 0.28 g/100 ml (50 °C) 0.81 g/100 ml (60 °C)[3] |
| Solubility in glycerol | 5.5 g/100 ml |
| Vapor pressure | ~0 mmHg |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | Sigma-Aldrich |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
| LD50 (Median dose)
|
13,500 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds
|
Galactitol Iditol Sorbitol |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Mannitol is a type of sugar alcohol used as a sweetener in diabetic food, as well as medication for lowering blood pressure.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
Mannitol can be nitrated to mannitol hexanitrate using a nitrating mixture, in a process similar to that for ETN.
Physical
Mannitol is a colorless crystalline solid, which dissolves in water. Like all sugar alcohols, it is insoluble in hydrocarbons.
Availability
Mannitol is sold in many food stores and pharmacies.
It can also be bought online in large amounts.
Preparation
Mannitol is much cheaper to purchase than synthesize, or extract it from plants.
Projects
- Sugar substitute
- Medication for lowering blood pressure
- Make mannitol hexanitrate
Handling
Safety
Mannitol has low toxicity. It is commonly used as sugar substitute, as well as medication for lowering blood pressure, used to decrease high pressures in the eyes for glaucoma, and to lower increased intracranial pressure.
Storage
Mannitol should be stored in closed plastic or glass bottles. No special storage is required.
Disposal
No special disposal is required. Discard it as you wish.
References
- ↑ Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 979
- ↑ Shimo; Tada; Sci.Rep.Res.Inst.Tohoku Univ.<A>; vol. 7; (1955); p. 235,236
- ↑ Creighton; Klauder; J.Franklin Inst.; vol. 195; p. 689; Chem. Zentralbl.; vol. 99; nb. I; (1928); p. 610
