I collected a bucket of American black walnuts this week, cleaned them up and started the stratifying process in order to plant them next Spring.
Intending to eventually add these trees to the woodlands around our magazines and warehouse, which are largely various 3rd growth and weed trees-
white pine and various other native conifers, European black alder, poplar and birch.
After looking at their main chemical weapon against competeing plant life, I do wonder what else all that juglone might be useful for?
hyfalcon - 13-10-2016 at 03:08
Contact herbicide for plant growth suppression? Treat you dogs worms with the tincture also.Morgan - 13-10-2016 at 14:06
I just picked up a couple of hundred black walnuts after trimming some branches away from the driveway. It might be interesting to try to dye a shirt
just to see how it would turn out. A few of my fingers have the characteristic persistent stain on them from handling the walnuts with their husks
still on. Here's some I dried a few years ago with the thick husks still on that crenated when dried.
I was at an art fair where a guy sold black walnut wooden spoons that were laser engraved. The guy told me the particular carbon dioxide laser he
bought was expensive. Seems a shame to put the thick branches out by the street to be picked as yard litter.
Some trees and plants sensitive to juglone.
"All species of the walnut family (Juglandaceae) produce juglone. This would include many native trees such as black walnut, butternut, the hickories
and pecan. However, black walnuts have the highest concentration of juglone." http://www.extension.iastate.edu/news/2005/jul/070701.htm
Some tidbits
Toxicity in Humans
"The active compound in black walnut is juglone. While this substance is found in all parts of the tree, Beverly Shaw, advanced master gardener at
Purdue University says that the fruit, roots and hulls contain the highest concentrations. Apparently, the antimicrobial properties of this natural
chemical also make it toxic. In a study published in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology on Nov. 15, 2005, authors Michelle T. Paulsen and Mats
Ljungman reported that juglone negatively affects human fibroblasts, specialized cells that reside in connective tissue that produce collagen
proteins. Specifically, the researchers found that juglone drastically decreased available levels of a protein referred to as p53. This event damaged
the DNA material in these cells and triggered apoptosis, or cell death."
"Horses can be affected by black walnut if shavings made from the tree are used in bedding. As little as 20% black walnut in shavings or sawdust can
cause clinical signs within hours of contact. Effects of exposure primarily affect the lower limb and include stocking up, stiff gait, and reluctance
to move. If untreated, toxicosis can progress and cause colic, swelling of the neck and chest, elevated heart and respiratory rate, and even laminitis
and founder. Clinical signs usually disappear once the bedding is removed. The best way to prevent problems is to ensure that bedding does not contain
black walnut."
"Black walnut can cause other problems, although these are reported much less frequently than the two described above. Some people and horses are
especially sensitive to black walnut pollen and can suffer from allergic reactions when pollen is shed in the spring. Additionally, the husks
surrounding fallen nuts can become toxic as they start to decay. Penicillium mold affects the decomposing husk and produces a neurotoxin called
Penitrem A, which is toxic to livestock and can be fatal to dogs. People should also be wary; black walnuts are edible but can be contaminated with
Penitrem A if they hulls have begun to decompose before the nuts are harvested. " http://www.livestrong.com/article/145740-black-walnut-hull-s...
[Edited on 15-10-2016 by Morgan]zed - 14-10-2016 at 14:24
Well, from an economic standpoint. The Black Walnuts will produce a nice crop while they live, and a whole bunch of money when the trees are
harvested.
That final Harvest might not take place during your lifetime. But, at some time, someone, will be damned grateful for your efforts.
Also interesting, are Chestnut trees. Blight resistant varieties have been developed, and some older varieties do well here in Oregon, where I am
located.
I gifted a pair trees, of the variety Colossus, to friend a while back. Within just a few years, photos came back to me, of the trees covered with
nuts.
What does the structure of Juglone remind me of me of? At first, I thought it was Urushiol, but no. Then, I thought Coumarin, but no. Then,
Hydroquinone, but no. Um, Propofol?
Well, I still don't have it. But, it does remind me of a song.
Well, the worm killin' part got me to thinking, about Malaria. But, if Juglone was effective against Malaria, we would probably know about it by now.
There have been some noises, about substituted Juglones however.
Just because Juglone has been known for a while, doesn't mean every potential use has been discovered. The Chinese were using Sweet Wormwood for a
long time. However, absent modern lab testing techniques, folks didn't really suspect that it could actually cure Malaria.
Extensive scientific trials, proved that it could.
[Edited on 23-10-2016 by zed]Dr.Bob - 26-10-2016 at 05:25
One of my previous coworkers used to harvest a few acres of walnut wood from his family's land every year and would make a substantial amount of
amount. Apparently, some small sawmill in KY would come cut and mill the wood and then sell the entire truck load to a lumber yard in Cal for making
fine cabinets for the wealthy elites there. It produced tens of thousands each year just for a few dozen trees each year, which was only 1% of the
trees per year, so very sustainable. So plant lots of them.
Not sure what juglone is good for, but someone here would likely try to react it with indole to make some spice analogs, I bet. PHILOU Zrealone - 27-11-2016 at 10:40
I'm also interested into juglone.
Maybe is there a way to convert it:
-by reduction to naphtalene, naphtol, tetrahydronaphtalene, decahydronaphtalene-triol, decahydronaphtalene
-by oxydation to 1,4,5,8-Naphthalenetetrone (and then to tetrahydroxy-naphtalene and then to tetraaminonaphtalene)
Naphtalenetetrone should make a tetraoxime when into contact with hydroxylamine...
-by nitration to dinitrojuglone (I would likely see if it makes an energetic dinitrojuglone dioxime) and finally to trinitrophenol (via side dione
ring oxydation to 4,6-dinitro-2,3-dicarboxy-phenol; then replacement of the 2 carboxy into nitro (2,4,6-trinitro-3-carboxy-phenol and decarboxylation
to TNP)
-by oxydation with HCl and HNO3 to chloranile (tetrachloro-paraquinone) or the naphtalenetetrone variant...chloranile easily exchange its halogens for
azido groups when NaN3 solution is put into contact yielding tetraazidoquinone (azidanile) and it easily exchange its halogen for nitro groups when
NaNO2 solution is put into contact yielding nitranilate (2,5-dihydroxy-3,6-dinitro-para-quinon) (who's lead and silver salts are primaries) via a
transcient tetranitroquinon and partial hydrolysis via nitro-nitrite rearrangement...
R-NO2 <==> R-O-N=O
R-O-N=O + H2O --> R-O-H + HO-N=O
I don't know if it would work to the final juglone.
Phenol is activated in ortho and para for the Nencki reaction...and so the first acyl will more likely enter into para position...I honestly don't
know if the second function will react to cyclise.
If the -CO-CH=CH-CO2H suceeds into entering para (1 solution), then the other end would have to react into ortho position vs the group (thus meta vs
the phenolic -OH (two equivalent possibilities))
--> No juglone but an isomer with the OH in position 2 instead of 1.
If the -CO-CH=CH-CO2H suceeds into entering ortho (2 solutions), then the other end would have to react into ortho position (one possibility) vs the
group (thus meta vs the phenolic -OH) --> target juglone.careysub - 1-12-2016 at 15:34
Here is an interesting paper related to juglone and naphtalentetrone ...
[url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267958034_OXIDATIVE_DEHYDROGENATION_OF_1-TETRALONES_SYNTHESIS_OF_JUGLONE_NAPHTHAZARIN_AND_a-HYDROXYANTHR
AQUINONES]OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION OF 1-TETRALONES:
SYNTHESIS OF JUGLONE, NAPHTHAZARIN, AND α-HYDROXYANTHRAQUINONES[/url]
