Difference between revisions of "Cyanide"
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| − | Cyanide is an ion with the formula of CN<sup>-</sup>, or a group with a formula of CN. It is a [[pseudohalogen]], and forms a number of compounds, many of them are extremely toxic. | + | '''Cyanide''' is an ion with the formula of '''CN<sup>-</sup>''', or a group with a formula of CN. It is a [[pseudohalogen]], and forms a number of compounds, both organic and inorganic, many of them are extremely toxic. |
== Cyanide compounds == | == Cyanide compounds == | ||
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* [[Hydrogen cyanide]] | * [[Hydrogen cyanide]] | ||
* [[Potassium cyanide]] | * [[Potassium cyanide]] | ||
| + | * [[Sodium cyanide]] | ||
== Cyanide complexes == | == Cyanide complexes == | ||
| Line 13: | Line 14: | ||
== Other compounds containing the cyanide group == | == Other compounds containing the cyanide group == | ||
| − | |||
* [[Acetonitrile]] | * [[Acetonitrile]] | ||
| + | * [[Dicyanoacetylene]] | ||
| + | * [[Potassium thiocyanate]] | ||
| + | * Cyanoacrylates | ||
== Cyanide toxicity == | == Cyanide toxicity == | ||
| Line 21: | Line 24: | ||
* [[Methylene blue]], a general purpose antidote against blood agents, 50-100 ml of 1% solution intravenously. However, this only temporarily binds cyanide and borrows more time for a more permanent solution. | * [[Methylene blue]], a general purpose antidote against blood agents, 50-100 ml of 1% solution intravenously. However, this only temporarily binds cyanide and borrows more time for a more permanent solution. | ||
| − | * [[Sodium thiosulfate]], 250 mg/ | + | * [[Sodium thiosulfate]], 50 ml of a 250 mg/ml solution intravenously. This gradually binds cyanide into thiocyanate, which can be harmlessly purged from the body. This should be used after treatment with methylene blue, to thwart the cyanide permanently. |
* [[Glucose]], which has a similar, if weaker effect. Injecting it intravenously, or consuming sugar-rich food, is recommended before you start working with cyanides, to provide you with increased resistance for a time. | * [[Glucose]], which has a similar, if weaker effect. Injecting it intravenously, or consuming sugar-rich food, is recommended before you start working with cyanides, to provide you with increased resistance for a time. | ||
Note that cyanide poisoning is an exclusively acute condition with no chronic effects. It means, if you successfully thwart it, no long-term repercussions will follow. However, it is a very rapidly advancing condition, so in most cases there is no time to wait for medical attention, unless you have a personal crew of paramedics living at your home. This is the reason why you should know the antidotes and how to use them yourself. | Note that cyanide poisoning is an exclusively acute condition with no chronic effects. It means, if you successfully thwart it, no long-term repercussions will follow. However, it is a very rapidly advancing condition, so in most cases there is no time to wait for medical attention, unless you have a personal crew of paramedics living at your home. This is the reason why you should know the antidotes and how to use them yourself. | ||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | <references/> | ||
| + | ===Relevant Sciencemadness threads=== | ||
| + | *[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=23 Preparation of Cyanides] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Ions]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Anions]] | ||
[[Category:Pseudohalogens]] | [[Category:Pseudohalogens]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Cyanides]] | ||
[[Category:Things that can kill you very quickly]] | [[Category:Things that can kill you very quickly]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Blood agents]] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:40, 28 April 2018
Cyanide is an ion with the formula of CN-, or a group with a formula of CN. It is a pseudohalogen, and forms a number of compounds, both organic and inorganic, many of them are extremely toxic.
Contents
Cyanide compounds
Cyanide complexes
- Potassium ferrocyanide (potassium hexacyanoferrate (II))
- Potassium ferricyanide (potassium hexacyanoferrate (III))
- Sodium tricyanocuprate (I)
- Prussian blue
Other compounds containing the cyanide group
- Acetonitrile
- Dicyanoacetylene
- Potassium thiocyanate
- Cyanoacrylates
Cyanide toxicity
Cyanide compounds are potent blood agents, particularly the infamous potassium cyanide. However, there are a number of antidotes.
- Methylene blue, a general purpose antidote against blood agents, 50-100 ml of 1% solution intravenously. However, this only temporarily binds cyanide and borrows more time for a more permanent solution.
- Sodium thiosulfate, 50 ml of a 250 mg/ml solution intravenously. This gradually binds cyanide into thiocyanate, which can be harmlessly purged from the body. This should be used after treatment with methylene blue, to thwart the cyanide permanently.
- Glucose, which has a similar, if weaker effect. Injecting it intravenously, or consuming sugar-rich food, is recommended before you start working with cyanides, to provide you with increased resistance for a time.
Note that cyanide poisoning is an exclusively acute condition with no chronic effects. It means, if you successfully thwart it, no long-term repercussions will follow. However, it is a very rapidly advancing condition, so in most cases there is no time to wait for medical attention, unless you have a personal crew of paramedics living at your home. This is the reason why you should know the antidotes and how to use them yourself.
