Pseudohalogen
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Pseudohalogens are polyatomic analogues of halogens, whose chemistry, resembling that of the true halogens, allows them to substitute for halogens in several classes of chemical compounds.
Contents
Common pseudohalogens
| Group | Formula | Structural formula | Molecule | Acid | Pseudohalide | Ligand name | Organic suffix |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cyano | ~C≡N | ~CN | cyanogen | hydrogen cyanide prussic acid |
cyanide | cyanido- cyano- |
-nitrile -yl cyanide |
| cyapho | ~CP | ~C≡P | cyaphogen | Methylidynephosphane hydrocyaphic acid |
cyaphide | cyaphido- cyapho- |
-yl cyaphide |
| isocyano | ~NC | ~N≡C | isocyano-formonitrile | Hydrogen isocyanide isohydrocyanic acid |
isocyanide | isocyanido- isocyano- |
-isonitrile -yl isocyanide |
| hydroxyl | ~OH | ~O−H | hydrogen peroxide | water | hydroxide bioxide |
hydroxido- hydroxy- |
-ol |
| sulfhydryl | ~SH | ~S−H | hydrogen disulfide | hydrogen sulfide | hydrosulfide bisulfide |
sulfanido thiolato |
-thiol |
| cyanate | ~OCN | ~O−C≡N | — | cyanic acid | cyanate | cyanato- | -yl cyanate |
| isocyanate | ~NCO | ~N≡C−O | — | isocyanic acid | isocyanate | isocyanato- | isocyanate, -yl isocyanate |
| fulminate | ~CNO | ~C≡N−O | — | fulminic acid | fulminate | fulminato- | fulminate, -yl fulminate |
| thiocyanate, rhodanide |
~SCN | ~S−C≡N | thiocyanogen | thiocyanic acid | thiocyanate | thiocyanato- | -yl thiocyanate, -yl isothiocyanate |
| isothiocyanate | ~NCS | ~N=C=S | — | isothiocyanic acid | isothiocyanate | isothiocyanato- | -yl isothiocyanate |
| hypothiocyanite | ~OSCN | — | — | hypothiocyanous acid | hypothiocyanite | thiocyanito- | -yl hypothiocyanite |
| selenocyanate, selenorhodanide |
~SeCN | ~Se−C≡N | selenocyanogen | selenocyanic acid | selenocyanate | — | — |
| azide | ~N3 | ~N− −N+ ≡N ↕ ~N=N+ =N− |
hexazine | hydrazoic acid | azide | azido- | -yl azide |
| nitrogen dioxide | ~NO2 | — | dinitrogen tetroxide | nitrous acid | nitrite | nitro- | -yl nitrite |
| cobalt carbonyl | ~Co(CO)4 | ~Co(−C≡O)4 | dicobalt octacarbonyl | cobalt tetracarbonyl hydride | tetracarbonylcobaltate(1−) | ? | ? |
| trinitromethanide | C(NO2)3− | C(NO2)3− | — | trinitromethane | trinitromethanide | trinitromethanido- (IUPAC) | trinitromethan, -yl trinitromethanide |
| tricyanomethanide | C(CN)3− | C(CN)3− | — | tricyanomethane | tricyanomethanide | tricyanomethanido- (IUPAC), tricyanomethanido- | tricyanomethan, -yl tricyanomethanide |
| trifluoromethanesulfonate | ~O3SCF3− | ~OTf | — | triflic acid | trifluoromethanesulfonate, triflate | triflate (-yl) trilfate | -yl triflate |
Preparation
See the page for each compound/derivate.
