Difference between revisions of "2,2,4-Trimethylpentane"

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'''2,2,4-Trimethylpentane''', also known as '''iso-octane''' or simply '''224TMP''', is an organic compound, an isomer of octane (C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>18</sub>).
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{{Chembox
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| Name = 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
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| Reference =
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| IUPACName = 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
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| PIN =
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| SystematicName =
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| OtherNames = 224TMP<br>Iso-octane<br>Isobutyltrimethylmethane
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| ImageFileL1 = Ball and stick model of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane isooctane.png
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| ImageFileR1 = Structure of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane isooctane.png
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
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| AtmosphericOHRateConstant =
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| Appearance = Colorless liquid
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| BoilingPt =
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| BoilingPtC = 99.30
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| BoilingPt_ref =
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| BoilingPt_notes =
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| Density = 0.692 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
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| Formula = C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>18</sub>
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| HenryConstant = 3.0 nmol Pa<sup>−1</sup>·kg<sup>−1</sup>
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| LogP = 4.373
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| MolarMass = 114.23 g/mol
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| MeltingPt =
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| MeltingPtC = −107.38
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| Odor = Gasoline-like
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| Solubility = Almost insoluble in water
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| SolubleOther = Miscible with [[acetone]], [[benzene]], [[carbon disulfide]], [[carbon tetrachloride]], [[chloroform]], [[dichloromethane]], [[diethyl ether]], [[dimethylformamide]], [[ethanol]], [[heptane]], [[toluene]], [[xylene]]
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| VaporPressure = 5.5 kPa (at 21 °C)
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| DeltaHc = −5462.6 to −5460.0 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>
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| DeltaHf = −260.6 to −258.0 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>
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| Entropy = 328.03 J·K<sup>−1</sup>·mol<sup>−1</sup>
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| HeatCapacity = 242.49 J·K<sup>−1</sup>·mol<sup>−1</sup>
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| Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards
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| AutoignitionPt = 396 °C (745 °F; 669 K)
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| ExploLimits = 1.1–6.0%
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| ExternalMSDS = [https://www.docdroid.net/WXCFN9M/224-trimethylpentane-sa.pdf.html Sigma-Aldrich]
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| FlashPt = −12 °C (10 °F; 261 K)
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| MainHazards = Flammable
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'''2,2,4-Trimethylpentane''', also known as '''iso-octane''' or simply '''224TMP''', is an organic compound, an isomer of octane ('''C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>18</sub>''').
  
 
This particular isomer is an important component of [[gasoline]] and the standard 100 point on the octane rating scale (with 0 point being [[heptane]]).
 
This particular isomer is an important component of [[gasoline]] and the standard 100 point on the octane rating scale (with 0 point being [[heptane]]).
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==Properties==
 
==Properties==
 
===Chemical===
 
===Chemical===
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2,2,4-Trimethylpentane is exceedingly flammable in the presence of oxygen, and will burn to release carbon dioxide and water vapor.
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2,2,4-Trimethylpentane is exceedingly flammable in the presence of [[oxygen]], and when ignited will burn to release [[carbon dioxide]] and water vapors.
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: C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>18</sub> + 25/2 O<sub>2</sub> → 8 CO<sub>2</sub> + 9 H<sub>2</sub>O
  
 
===Physical===
 
===Physical===
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==Availability==
 
==Availability==
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2,2,4-Trimethylpentane is available in high octane gasoline, and can be extracted via distillation or rectification, depending on the composition of gasoline.
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2,2,4-Trimethylpentane is available in high octane gasoline, and can be extracted via fractional distillation or rectification, depending on the composition of gasoline.
  
 
==Preparation==
 
==Preparation==
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===Storage===
 
===Storage===
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224TMP should be stored in closed bottles away from any heat source.
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224TMP should be stored in closed glass or PE bottles away from any heat source.
  
 
===Disposal===
 
===Disposal===
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<references/>
 
<references/>
 
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads===
 
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads===
 +
 
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
 
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
 
[[Category:Organic compounds]]
 
[[Category:Organic compounds]]
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[[Category:Hydrocarbons]]
 
[[Category:Alkanes]]
 
[[Category:Alkanes]]
 
[[Category:Solvents]]
 
[[Category:Solvents]]
 
[[Category:Nonpolar solvents]]
 
[[Category:Nonpolar solvents]]
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[[Category:Liquids]]

Latest revision as of 18:11, 30 June 2020

2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
Ball and stick model of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane isooctane.png
Structure of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane isooctane.png
Names
IUPAC name
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
Other names
224TMP
Iso-octane
Isobutyltrimethylmethane
Properties
C8H18
Molar mass 114.23 g/mol
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor Gasoline-like
Density 0.692 g/cm3
Melting point −107.38 °C (−161.28 °F; 165.77 K)
Boiling point 99.30 °C (210.74 °F; 372.45 K)
Almost insoluble in water
Solubility Miscible with acetone, benzene, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, dimethylformamide, ethanol, heptane, toluene, xylene
Vapor pressure 5.5 kPa (at 21 °C)
Thermochemistry
328.03 J·K−1·mol−1
−260.6 to −258.0 kJ·mol−1
Hazards
Safety data sheet Sigma-Aldrich
Flash point −12 °C (10 °F; 261 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, also known as iso-octane or simply 224TMP, is an organic compound, an isomer of octane (C8H18).

This particular isomer is an important component of gasoline and the standard 100 point on the octane rating scale (with 0 point being heptane).

Properties

Chemical

2,2,4-Trimethylpentane is exceedingly flammable in the presence of oxygen, and when ignited will burn to release carbon dioxide and water vapors.

C8H18 + 25/2 O2 → 8 CO2 + 9 H2O

Physical

2,2,4-Trimethylpentane is an odorless colorless liquid, insoluble in water but miscible with many organic solvents. It lighter than water, with a density of 0.692 g/l. 224TMP has a boiling point of 99.1 °C and a melting point of −107.44 °C. It is very flammable, with a flash point of -12 °C and an autoignition temperature of 396 °C.

Availability

2,2,4-Trimethylpentane is available in high octane gasoline, and can be extracted via fractional distillation or rectification, depending on the composition of gasoline.

Preparation

Industrially it is produced by distillation of petroleum.

Another route involves the dimerization of isobutylene, using an Amberlyst catalyst, method that produces a mixture of iso-octenes. This mixture is hydrogenated to yield 2,2,4-trimethylpentane.

Projects

  • Organic extractions
  • Pepsin extraction[1]

Handling

Safety

2,2,4-Trimethylpentane poses little toxicity, though its vapors are irritant to the nose, lungs and eyes.

Storage

224TMP should be stored in closed glass or PE bottles away from any heat source.

Disposal

2,2,4-Trimethylpentane can be safely burned.

References

  1. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7522474

Relevant Sciencemadness threads

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