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Author: Subject: golfpro's Nitric Acid for Beginners
golfpro
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[*] posted on 23-10-2013 at 18:14


I hate ordering chemicals online but I might have to. I read about using ammonium nitrate for this and it won't work as well because of side reactions as well as safety issues.

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[*] posted on 23-10-2013 at 18:46
Moderator Warning


golfpro, stop opening new topics to ask short questions. Use a search engine.

I've merged <em>nine separate topics</em> on HNO<sub>3</sub> from you! No more warnings; from now on, I will delete any new topics you open.




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[*] posted on 24-10-2013 at 01:58


Quote: Originally posted by golfpro  
I hate ordering chemicals online but I might have to. I read about using ammonium nitrate for this and it won't work as well because of side reactions as well as safety issues.

I made it frron sodiium nitrate and sulfuric acid in about 3 hours and distilled it with out any problems.



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[*] posted on 22-3-2014 at 11:16


Quote: Originally posted by Pulverulescent  
Quote:
How is 100% Nitric acid attained?

N2O5 is dissolved in azeotropic HNO3 to bring concentration up to 100%!

I know this is an old post, but do you, or anyone have a reference for this?




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[*] posted on 22-3-2014 at 12:44


I don't have one to hand but it is hardly needed as the method is easily understood ─ however difficult to practice?
Also, NO2/O2 fed to the azeotrope under pressure can attain up to ~98% HNO3!

Think I'll stick with the ~96% HNO3 I get from ordinary distillation!

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[*] posted on 22-3-2014 at 14:05


So would the equation be:
N2O5 + 2H2O → 2HNO3?




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[*] posted on 23-3-2014 at 04:21


Yep! All that's required now is a N2O5 generator and some water . . . ?

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[*] posted on 23-3-2014 at 13:34


Well never mind, looks like dinitrogen pentoxide is too expensive to be useful as a precursor to nitric acid.



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[*] posted on 11-2-2015 at 14:29


I read in an old book about distilling nitric acid using steel retort, and right now I want to build or improvised one because i want to make some lead nitrate and I need diluted nitric acid.
What do you thing about this improvised distillery can work ?
I read on a forum about a "recipe" to make nitric acid without distillation but how pure can be the final product because i don`t want sulfates in my nitrate.

Quote:

Nitric acid Reaction:
-Bring 100 mL of Distilled Water in a 500 mL pyrex beaker to 212F (100 C)
-Add the Nitre of your choice (202 gm K / 170 gm Na) -Stir until Nitre is completely dissolved, let cool below boiling
-SLOWLY add 56 mL concentrated (96%+) Sulfuric Acid to Hot Nitre solution while stirring. DON'T allow the solution to boil! -Allow solution to cool to room temp (DO NOT SKIP - VESSEL WILL SHATTER IF PUT ON ICE WHILE HOT!!!)
-When vessel reaches room temp 77F (25 °C). Put the vessel in the freezer or on a salt water ice bath -Let stand until temperature of mixture reaches -41F (-5 °C)
-Let stand at -41F (-5 °) until all precipitate settles
-Pour the COLD solution off into glass container with tightly sealed lid DO NOT POUR OFF ANY OF THE SALT IN THE BOTTOM!!! Makes ~160 mL ~ 50% HNO3



inst.jpg - 748kB distil.png - 102kB
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[*] posted on 11-2-2015 at 15:17


The process described is indeed distillation, it's just a simpler setup.
If done perfectly there should be very, very little sulfate in the distillate. If you use an excess of nitrate there should be even less.
But perfection isn't possible, and while very little sulfuric acid will volatilize, aerosols may be a major cause of contamination of not just sulfuric acid, but also Na/KHSO4. Using boiling chips will alleviate the problem, but I can't think of a way to completely prevent contamination.
BTW, your "beaker" doesn't look like it could handle the heat. Also if that's a plastic coke top, it will catch on fire, but that shouldn't be a big problem right?
Actually I can see that it's glass, nice job cutting that, diamond blade?

[Edited on 11-2-2015 by Molecular Manipulations]




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[*] posted on 11-2-2015 at 15:17


About your quoted procedure- Just for a start: -41 F is approximately -41.5 C, NOT -5.1 C!

Your drawing may be workable- Particularly f you can can cool the small jar receiving the condensed nitric acid. Some have done what you diagram, but added a ceramic or glass "stool" of some sort to keep the receiver above the hot nitrate/Sulfuric acid in the bottom of reaction vessel.

The second procedure in the below linked video starting @ 2:10, reacting a nitrate, Copper metal and hydrochloric acid while piping the nitrogen dioxide into a hydrogen peroxide solution will give you useable nitric acid without sulfate contamination-

http://youtu.be/2yE7v4wkuZU




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[*] posted on 11-2-2015 at 18:53


yes its been done BUT if the "big glass jar" is not heat resistant you may have a serious and i mean dangerously serious situation.surely you werent gonna use that pickle jar looking thing?
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[*] posted on 12-2-2015 at 17:20


Everyone can see that the text and the pictures otonel posted are two completely different processes right?

Both methods are dumb for different reasons, the one in the pictures is very dumb.

It might be preferable to make dilute nitric and distil than to make concentrated acid and dilute. If nothing else less toxic gasses should be produced. Lead nitrate is a persistent poison. This sounds like a very green student wanting to do something stupid so he can do something much more stupid.
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[*] posted on 12-2-2015 at 22:54


Indeed, I missed the drawing not having a "bath", putting a non Pyrex container full of acid on a hot plate is asking for a disaster.




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[*] posted on 13-2-2015 at 04:20


I understand how dangerous is lead nitrate and working with acids especially nitric acid, You have right about glass jar if it is not heat resistant can make a disaster, that picture with the jar is not my "opera" and my mother when make pickle put the glass jar in a pot and warm the water for better preservation, and the jar don`t have fissures after that.
In this weekend I want to try this distillation and I will tell about the result.

[Edited on 13-2-2015 by otonel]
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[*] posted on 13-2-2015 at 08:52


Otonel-

Read up on heating "baths"-

http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=19089

Water, brine, oil, sand, even metal shot.

If you still plan to put a glass jar directly on a hot plate, PLEASE try it once with nothing but water inside.




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[*] posted on 13-2-2015 at 13:37


Sorry for the misunderstanding, I will use pyrex container placed on a water bath sealed (not perfectly) with glass and heat resistant silicone .I do not want a perfect seal because the heating increases the volume and a perfect seal can cause problems
I want to say a normal jar can be use if it is placed in a pot with water and this is slowly heated from a hot plate
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[*] posted on 13-2-2015 at 19:43


Canning jars are fairly resistant to thermal shock.
You really need an oil bath but I use them for various reactions
And haven't had one break. I wouldn't use direct heat on one though.
Safety first.
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[*] posted on 13-2-2015 at 20:43


negative gentlemen, stop this crazy idea about using this kind of glass.there are many shaped glass coffee vessels that can stand heat better than soda lime glass.some coffee glass pots are even shaped as erlenmeyers and beakers and can withstand a lot more heat than ordinary glass.i have used glass coffee pots on live fire and even propane flames,some have shattered upon cooling also.cease and desist now and be safe.
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[*] posted on 14-2-2015 at 06:57


Improvised distiller at work in pics, it worked well with the condition to change top water at 5 minutes using a syringe.
Nitric acid obtained is concentrated and emits red smoke.
I am glad for successful experiment and it can be improved , especially the heat exchanger

Fotografie0304.jpg - 290kB Fotografie0305.jpg - 213kB Fotografie0308.jpg - 231kB
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[*] posted on 14-2-2015 at 07:01


very good otonel.
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[*] posted on 17-2-2015 at 06:36


What concentration did you get?



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[*] posted on 17-2-2015 at 12:14


I don`t determined the concentration because I diluted it anyway for use in what I need and do not emit toxic fumes.
After aspect I think is somewhere in the 70 % concentration
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