Difference between revisions of "Nitrobenzene"
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Revision as of 22:47, 20 January 2020
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Nitrobenzene
| |
| Other names
Mononitrobenzene
Nitrobenzol Oil of mirbane | |
| Properties | |
| C6H5NO2 | |
| Molar mass | 123.06 g/mol |
| Appearance | Yellowish, oily liquid |
| Odor | Pungent, almond or paste shoe polish-like |
| Density | 1.199 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 5.7 °C (42.3 °F; 278.8 K) |
| Boiling point | 210.9 °C (411.6 °F; 484.0 K) |
| 0.19 g/100 ml (20 °C) | |
| Solubility | Very soluble in acetone, benzene diethyl ether, ethanol, toluene Slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride |
| Vapor pressure | 0.3 mmHg (25 °C) |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | AlfaAesar |
| Flash point | 88 °C |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
| LD50 (Median dose)
|
780 mg/kg (rat, oral) 600 mg/kg (rat, oral) 590 mg/kg (mouse, oral) |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Nitrobenzene or mononitrobenzene is an organic compound with the formula C6H5NO2.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
Nitrobenzene can be reduced to aniline.
Physical
Nitrobenzene is a yellowish liquid, with a smell reminiscent of almonds.
Availability
Nitrobenzene used to be more available in the past, but in recent years it has been phased out from many places due to it's high toxicity and it's difficult to acquire.
Preparation
Nitrobenzene is prepared by nitration of benzene, using a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid, also known as nitrating mixture. Water is used as solvent. The production of nitrobenzene is one of the most dangerous processes conducted in the chemistry because of the exothermicity of the reaction (ΔH = −117 kJ/mol).
Projects
- Make trinitrobenzene
- Make aniline
- Make paracetamol
Handling
Safety
Nitrobenzene is very toxic. Proper protection should be worn when working with the compound.
Storage
Nitrobenzene should be kept in closed glass bottles, marked with a clear label and hazard symbols, in a hazardous chemical locker.
Disposal
Nitrobenzene is best neutralized by slowly adding it in an oxidizing solution, such as piranha solution or Fenton's reagent, outside or in a fumehood.
Burning it releases lots of soot and unburnt benzene derivatives.
