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clearly_not_atara
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I don't know what you mean by "small scale". It's hard enough to deal with electricity at high temperatures, and even a kilo of MgCl2 isn't breaking
anybody's budget. You need all kinds of insulation and temperature control, so it's simpler to set up the equipment to hold around a liter of molten
salts anyway. At that scale, you get a few grams of P per run, which really isn't bad.
The big advantage of not running a "bomb" process like carbo/metallothermal reduction is that the damage to equipment and clean-up should be much
less.
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Triflic Acid
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You know, maybe setting the system up so that you occasionally top it off a mixture of chloride and phosphate would allow you to keep going
indefinitely. Also, I found two papers that give a pretty good idea: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092702481... for the euctic, and https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2009/gc/b9063... for the electrostablility of the euctic. The first paper basically says that a
choline chloride euctic works. The second paper I found a bootleg copy of online. Any thoughts? Looks promising to me.
Attachment: Greenchemistrypublished.pdf (210kB)
This file has been downloaded 637 times
There wasn't a fire, we just had an uncontrolled rapid oxidation event at the power plant.
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njl
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Atara, if you do the math: 2 percent solution of Ca3(PO4)2 in 1 Kg molten salt = 20 grams Ca3(PO4)2 = .0645 mols. With 100 percent recovery of
phosphorus that's 1.9 grams per run. What I mean by small scale is 1 Kg. Or 10 Kg for that matter. Not to mention even if one gets this to
work you have to deal with gaseous WP.
Reflux condenser?? I barely know her!
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clearly_not_atara
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njl: You've used a density of 1 for the molten salt (I said "liter", you said "kilogram"), which is only a little wrong when you're dealing with
organic chemicals, but the density of alkali chloride salts is about 2-2.5, which raises your raw numbers to about 4 grams. There was also a proposal
of using (NaPO3)x as the phosphorus source instead of CaPO4, which may significantly increase the phosphorus content (unclear).
For amateur-feasibility, we are already forced to improvise because 850 C is a difficult temperature. It is also plausible that the reaction doesn't
work at all at lower temperatures. But while we're on the subject, the KCl-LiCl eutectic is shockingly low: 352 C!
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ja01538a001
In this context, it's worth remembering that elemental phosphorus is a precursor to various reagents and catalysts that support difficult reactions
under mild conditions in high yield on delicate substrates. A few grams of phosphorus is all you need to make a lot of PPh3-ligated catalysts, for
example.
The gaseous WP thing is a moot point because all practical phosphorus refinement techniques give a gaseous product. Electrolysis should give WP at a
lower temperature and in higher purity than carbothermal reduction.
Triflic Acid: Neither of these papers shows anything about choline chloride being effective at the potentials required for phosphate reduction...
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Triflic Acid
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Is no one thinking about the euctic  Why would it be gaseous WP if it is a
euctic. WP boils at 280C, and with a bit of work a euctic could be made so that it is liquid below this temp. Also, constantly topping up the CaCl2
with Ca3(PO4)2 would let you get out more than 1.9g per kg. Even then, this could be played around with to get a better ratio of chloride to
phosphate, by trying different cations like sodium. I think that this is worth trying. I'll post when I get around to trying this.
There wasn't a fire, we just had an uncontrolled rapid oxidation event at the power plant.
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clearly_not_atara
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See ref for LiCl-KCl eutectic production reference:
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1.2428639/meta?ca...
352 C is pretty good; it's not at all difficult to condense something coming over at 400ish. I think that getting the working temperature safely under
500 C opens up a lot of doors, because a lot of equipment is rated to around 500 C.
The truth is that if the phosphorus product weren't gaseous you'd have a whole host of new problems, like whether it passivates the cathode,
reacts with the membrane, forms complex dissolved salts, floats, sinks, foams, etc.
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Triflic Acid
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I don't know, I'm thinking that, assuming that the P floats, we could just have an inverted test tube over the cathode, like in a hofmann voltmeter.
Airtight and to remove the white P you just flood with water and remove the test tube. On the other hand, if it sinks, just flip the test tube over
and the white P will collect under the euctic, still airtight and easy to collect.
[Edited on 27-4-2021 by Triflic Acid]
There wasn't a fire, we just had an uncontrolled rapid oxidation event at the power plant.
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njl
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Yes, I think it would be necessary to remove the phosphorus as it forms by distilling it off. But this means that the cell and distillation apparatus
must be well sealed against the atmosphere and evacuated. That's the problem with this batch process, there's no convenient way to periodically add
phosphate without disassembling the entire setup. Unlike in a retort where the atmosphere within the apparatus is consumed (leaving an inert space for
distillation) this design reintroduces oxygen with every batch (which again have a yield of maximum 1.9 grams WP). There is a lot of room for
improvement, but I can't see how this would be practical until at least the yield per batch is optimized.
Reflux condenser?? I barely know her!
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Jimmymajesty
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I took 60um silicagel for chromatographic purpose calcined it at 1200°C for 15min
60um (unreactive) aluminum powder
Na3PO4*12H2O mixed with H3PO4 based rust remover to get NaH2PO4, this heated to 200°C for 4 hours then 800°C for 30mins, there were small flaming
pops at 800°C indicating that there were organic crap in the rust remover.
This was mixed in 3,4 NaPO3 1,75 Al 1 SiO2 weight ratio, ball milled for 4 days in acetone, then dryed
10g of said powder packed into alufoil the pack is fixed into a qartz tube, top end was purged countinously with CO2 bottom was immersed to about 10cm
water
I started the raction by heating the quartz tube at one spot, when the reaction started, some expansion of the slag took place clogging up the quartz
tube, then shooting out the top plug, then at the bottom the gases escaping the water bottle instantly catched fire, after cooling there were only a
sub gram quantity of P4 at the bottom of the collector. I removed the slag from the tube and it instantly catched fire maybe a gram worth of white P4
was still inside the tube estimating by the amount of smoke After the whole mess
I scanned the desktop with a bunsen burner and there were small pops and sparks all around the table. A lot of things on the table catched fire/made a
small flash during the cleanup here and there, so I only recommend repeating this if you have a shitty garage like me and you do not mind making it
inhabitable for a while
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Keras
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Quote: Originally posted by clearly_not_atara  |
In this context, it's worth remembering that elemental phosphorus is a precursor to various reagents and catalysts that support difficult reactions
under mild conditions in high yield on delicate substrates. A few grams of phosphorus is all you need to make a lot of PPh3-ligated catalysts, for
example. |
If PPh₃ is what you need, there’s no need to fancy weird or risky reactions. It can be bought easily here, and it is quite cheap.
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Jimmymajesty
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I modified above procedure as follows:
Ignited silical gel was replaced with expired transparent saniter silicone (caulk in US terms I think) that was burned to SiO2 on a pan.
Na3PO4 was treated with pure H3PO4 then dryed and ignited in a SS bowl to give presumably NaPO3 of something similar, it is a transparent glass that
breaks on cooling to 2-3cm bits.
The Al SiO2 NaPO3 mixture was poured into the ball mill with some hexane instead of acetone, acetone reacts with Al during the milling process
evidenced by evolution of H2.
The mixture was milled for 6 days, hexane was recovered @ 90°C, the powder then dryed @ 45°C for 4 hours, the initially inert grey powder turned
black it is as easily ignited as black powder, also impact sensitive, a moderate blow from a hammer can set it off.
Igniting this gave off white smoke and beneath the pile there was a stain of phosphorous by scraping the stain it gave off small flashes. It is good
to make some smoky stuff with this for new years eve but i think it is too aggressive to isolate P from this, maybe diluting the mixture with some
carbon can curb the burn rate, pressing it into pellets can also help.
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clearly_not_atara
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https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdire...
"The Dean–Stark esterification of H3PO3 with 1-butanol (1.5 equiv.) gave a mixture of H3PO3, HOP(O)(OBu)H, and (BuO)2P(O)H in a 11:56:33 molar
ratio."
Okay, it's not quite phosphorus, but sodium phosphite is OTC in some places. The dialkyl H-phosphonates can most likely be brominated or chlorinated
to the dialkyl halophosphates, offering the possibility to activate a wide variety of carboxylic acids, alcohols, phenols, oximes, etc, as would be
done with POCl3. Trialkyl phosphates, hiterto considered impossible, would also be accessible.
In the particular case of trimethyl phosphate, I don't know if the esterification of methanol with phosphorous acid works, or if the boiling point is
too low.
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yobbo II
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I posted this in another thread so it's a bit of a double post.
The following is from the Bell Jar, the first five years page 3 - 8:
A magazine dedicated to vacuum.
Low temperature chemical reactions:
The reaction
NaHCO3 = Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
which normally takes place at 270° C will take place at
room temperature in a vacuum of about 1 mm Hg.
Other reactions which take place at much lower
temperatures in a vacuum are the following:
Cr2 O3 + 3C = 2Cr + 3CO
CaC2 + 2 NaCl = CaCl2 + 2Na (vapor) + 2C
2MgO + CaO + Si + 2Mg (vapor) + CaSiO3
FeO + C = Fe + CO
These reactions are of great commercial importance.
Any reaction evolving gas will proceed at lower
temperature in vacuum.
END OF QUOTE
___________________________________
Would this be applicable to making P ?
It sounds too good to be true. Forgive me it is has already been mentioned up the thread.
You would need a water aspirator as you are not going to use your mechanical pump, though you could use a piston (the type used nowadays) pump from a
fridge which I belived will pull a vacuum of about 1mm of Hg.
Yob
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blogfast25
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| Quote: Originally posted by yobbo II |
The reaction
NaHCO3 = Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
which normally takes place at 270° C will take place at
room temperature in a vacuum of about 1 mm Hg.
Other reactions which take place at much lower
temperatures in a vacuum are the following:
Cr2 O3 + 3C = 2Cr + 3CO
CaC2 + 2 NaCl = CaCl2 + 2Na (vapor) + 2C
2MgO + CaO + Si + 2Mg (vapor) + CaSiO3
FeO + C = Fe + CO
These reactions are of great commercial importance.
Any reaction evolving gas will proceed at lower
temperature in vacuum.
END OF QUOTE
___________________________________
Would this be applicable to making P ?
It sounds too good to be true. Forgive me it is has already been mentioned up the thread.
Yob |
The 'pulling a vacuum' trick works because removing volatile compounds from the reaction mix pulls the equilibrium to the right, according to Le
Chatelier:
Le Chatelier.
Will this work with P? I doubt it on the grounds that no one seems to be using it.
But there's only one way to find out!  
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clearly_not_atara
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f/u: direct reduction of sodium tripolyphosphate to sodium phosphite by ball-milling Na5P3O10 or Na4P2O7 with alkali metal hydrides or NaBH4:
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acscentsci.1c01381
The ideal hydride source is potassium hydride, but NaH, LiH and NaBH4 also give some yield. Sodium fluorophosphate gives a higher yield but is not
necessarily OTC. Reaction conditions with borohydride were not optimized.
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Texium
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Thread Moved
5-12-2023 at 14:19 |
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