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DraconicAcid
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[*] posted on 18-10-2016 at 16:46


You may think water/ice is boring, but it works well. Measure the mass of some warm water, add some ice at 0 oC in an insulated container, measure the final temperature and total mass.



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[*] posted on 18-10-2016 at 16:56


Yeah except that is not the experiment I had in mind. I am less interested in a quantitative calorimetric measurement than a good visual demonstration of phase change. A flat line on an otherwise decreasing curve should do this well. We will do some calorimetry later (perhaps) and melting ice as you describe is a likely candidate.



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[*] posted on 19-10-2016 at 11:04


Fair enough.

Glacial acetic acid has a convenient melting point for such work, but it tends to supercool, and the liquid's a bit nasty. Cyclohexanol melts around room temperature, and could work.




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[*] posted on 19-10-2016 at 19:12


Quote: Originally posted by DraconicAcid  
Cyclohexanol melts around room temperature, and could work.
In theory it does, but it almost always contains a trace amount of water which depresses its melting point significantly.



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[*] posted on 19-10-2016 at 19:59


Quote: Originally posted by zts16  
Quote: Originally posted by DraconicAcid  
Cyclohexanol melts around room temperature, and could work.
In theory it does, but it almost always contains a trace amount of water which depresses its melting point significantly.

I haven't had that problem- in our lab, we add about 2% cyclohexanone to the damned stuff so that it doesn't keep freezing on us.




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[*] posted on 19-10-2016 at 20:31


I did it with tert butanol. We got a nice sudden flattening of the cooling curve but did not get a noticeable restart of the curve after it had all solidified. Next time I will use a colder ice bath. But also the thermal conductivity and heat transfer is going to be different for a solid.

I would love to do this with sodium but cannot think of a good way of doing it. Gallium will shatter glass. Maybe lead or a solder? I am intuitively guessing that metals will show the property a bit better. Anyway, it did work but there is room for improvement.




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[*] posted on 20-10-2016 at 10:02


Quote: Originally posted by j_sum1  
Maybe lead or a solder? I am intuitively guessing that metals will show the property a bit better. Anyway, it did work but there is room for improvement.


The trouble with a solder or other mixture is that you'd have to use the eutectic to get a sharp melting point rather than a range.




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[*] posted on 20-10-2016 at 11:40
Palladium vs. NaOH


Will a hot (75C) solution of NaOH and water attack Palladium?

Related question, how did you find this answer?

Thanks.




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[*] posted on 20-10-2016 at 12:46


I would think not. The palladium would have to form some kind of oxoanion and there are no signs of palladium oxoanions existing.



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[*] posted on 21-10-2016 at 06:23


I have two oxygen concentrators, one I keep as backup for the one with my mother,
I occasionally use it for myself, and occasional for experimenting :)
one of these http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/GENUINE-JYT-90-ADJUSTABLE-1-5L-OXY...
specified at 1 l/min. @ 90% O2, 5 l/min. @ 40%.
they both work ... very good smouldering wood reaction.

Eventually the xeolite will loose efficiency and O2 yield will drop.

Can someone suggest an EASY oxygen concentration test that I can perform with minimal diagnostic stuff to carry ?
Just to ensure that oxygen is being concentrated.

The O2 is not for life support, just assistance, so non-critical, absolute measurement not required, just relative to new/now.



Separate question;
Out of curiosity I would like to know the absolute O2 concentration of the machine that I have,
I have burettes, flasks etc. but nothing specifically for handling gases. I can burn Na, Mg etc.
but prefer not to if a less energetic method such as bubbling through a solution guaranteed to absorb or react with ALL of the O2 can be done simply.
I can think of many possible methods but has anyone any practical advice ?

P.S. my mother has been using it for many hours per day almost daily for over nine months, so I can recommend this model ... so far.
(although less than £200 when I bought them)
It can extend your active smoking life well into the eighties :P

[Edited on 21-10-2016 by Sulaiman]

[Edited on 21-10-2016 by Sulaiman]




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[*] posted on 21-10-2016 at 08:57


See this paper, which uses oxidation of steel wool: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed1008798
It won't be very precise, but it seems easy.




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[*] posted on 21-10-2016 at 09:26


I have watched YouTube videos and looked at several web pages,
I only have one 2 ml and one 30 ml syringe in ground glass,
so iron, copper etc. in a heated tube between syringes would require new gas syringes.

I'm not too keen on rusting/corroding/burning stuff in a burette but it seems my most likely route,
I would of course compensate for the volume of 'fuel'+support
and measure at ambient pressure in the burette ... not partial vacuum like most demonstrations :(
I'd like something simple and reliable.
(I have methylene blue to detect oxygen, Thunberg tubes etc. if that helps with suggestions)

[Edited on 21-10-2016 by Sulaiman]




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[*] posted on 31-10-2016 at 18:40


I have some guanidine carbonate, but I would like to convert it to (dry) guanidine hydrochloride, for reactions involving freebase guanidine in alcohols. Although guanidinium cations of strong acids should be stable in boiling water, I am worried that the extreme heat needed to dry the hygroscopic guanidium salt would degrade it to ammonium chloride and urea. Is this concern misguided?
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[*] posted on 12-11-2016 at 11:32
Unknown purple solution


Today I was able to get a purple colored solution after mixing two different solutions.

I had this chunk of white solid(Either sodium salicylate or salicylic acid) from the a long time ago when I extracted aspirin from pills by acidifying the solution and basifying it back and forth. I am not sure what I ended up with but it was not soluble in water. I tried dissolving it but wouldnt work so I added some isopropyl alcohol to it to see if it helped. I saw a decrease in the amount of crystals on the bottom of the beaker but it didnt fully dissolve..

At the same time I had a beaker on the hotplate that pretty much limestone dissolving in HCl. Most of the HCl was consumed so I was heating it up to dissolve the last bit of the solid limestone chunk in it. This solution contained mostly calcium with small amounts of magnesium and iron(III) with other trace elements. I decided to pour some of this into my beaker with the alcohol and water mixture and it turned dark purple as if it was suddenly a permanganate solution.
Any ideas as to what the hell this could be? I don't know of any substance that has the same color as permanganates. Any insight would be appreciated.



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[*] posted on 12-11-2016 at 11:42


Fe+3 ions from your limestone solution form purple (or other colors depending on the nature of the phenol) complexes with phenols (which salicylates are).
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[*] posted on 12-11-2016 at 11:50


Yep, that is most definitely the iron(III) salicylate complex. It works very well as a qualitative test since the color is so rich.



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[*] posted on 12-11-2016 at 12:46


Oh thats interesting especially for me as I have no background in organic chem. Thanks!
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[*] posted on 14-11-2016 at 05:35
Iron screw electrolysis


I wanted to make some iron oxide, so I electrolysed some rusted screw, however the solution turned a color I did not expect it to, so Im worried the screws could contain chromium.
http://i.imgur.com/CNaUKG5.jpg
The screws were alredy rusted when I used them, so I didnt think they could be stainless steel.
The colors make some sense to me, however is now what I remeber from doing it another time. I just want to make sure because I really dont want this to have carcinogenic compounds.

[Edited on 14-11-2016 by ficolas]
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[*] posted on 19-11-2016 at 01:29
Why so many acids yet few bases


When searching for chemicals I find a plethora of acids but very few bases - why ?



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[*] posted on 19-11-2016 at 02:55


Leaving aside the notion that every acid has its conjugate base...
I think it comes down to nomenclature as much as anything else. By which I mean that anything with a -COOH group gets (logically) designated as acid, compounds with a -NH2 group are called amines even though they act as bases (generally).

I'll let some else speak for the inorganic side of things.




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[*] posted on 21-11-2016 at 13:05


Hello, I would like to know if phosphoric acid or sodium bisulfate is a suitable catalyst for esterification of short chain alcohols(e.g. ethanol) and aromatic carboxylic acids (e.g. benzoic acid)- I know esterifications occur 'slowly' using this catalyst but how much slower compared to a strong acid such as H2SO4 or p-TsOH, is it still feasible ? Does anyone know what pKa is approximately needed to deprotonate the carboxylic acid- does it simply have to be lower than that of the carboxylic acid's pKa. As sulphuric acid is not available for me(chemophobic parents) I am looking for other strong, less corrosive, acid catalysts.

Thank you in advance if you are able to help!

[Edited on 21-11-2016 by awlb2]
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[*] posted on 21-11-2016 at 13:38


Phosphoric acid should be a suitable substitute for sulfuric.



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[*] posted on 21-11-2016 at 14:34


Thank you very much for replying Metacelsus- I will try it with phosphoric acid.
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[*] posted on 21-11-2016 at 15:41


But what about sodium bisulfate? I believe it reacts with ethanol to form sodium ethyl sulfate- could this then react with the carboxylic acid to form the ester or would it react with more ethanol to form diethyl ether?
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[*] posted on 22-11-2016 at 19:17
Gringard Question


I've always seen gringard reactions done with using bromine as the halogen with the magnesium. Can the reagent be prepared using chlorine or iodine? Are there significant drawbacks to using something other than bromine?
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