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stacey0987
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Stacey0987's study assistance thread!
A compound containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen only contains 74.2% carbon and 7.9% hydrogen. Its Mr is found to be 178 by mass spectroscopy. Find
its empirical and molecular formula. 
can someone help me with this question and how they got the answer.
[Edited on 23-11-2015 by stacey0987]
[Edited on 26-11-2015 by Bert]
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stacey0987
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chemistry
balance these equations
3NH3+H3PO4------>3(NH4)3PO4
Li2CO3----->2CO2 + 2Li2O
P4 + 5OH- + H2O ----> PH3 + 5H2PO2-
[Edited on 23-11-2015 by stacey0987]
[Edited on 23-11-2015 by stacey0987]
[Edited on 23-11-2015 by stacey0987]
[Edited on 23-11-2015 by stacey0987]
[Edited on 23-11-2015 by stacey0987]
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Fulmen
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Few will do your homework for you. You should try to solve it yourself or at least describe what you understand about solving it, this way we can help
you where you get stuck.
Also the 3. equation makes no sense, both sides must have the same net charge.
We're not banging rocks together here. We know how to put a man back together.
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ziqquratu
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Hi stacey,
Start with the elemental composition. You know the proportions - by mass - of C and H, and can therefore calculate the percentage of O (since those
are the only elements present).
From there, you can calculate what percent of the molecular mass is contributed by each element (multiply molecular mass by mass percent of each
element - so, for example, (178 * 0.742) = mass of carbon present). Finally, divide those numbers by the atomic mass of the corresponding element to
get the number of atoms of each element (178 * 0.742) / 12, for example, gives the number of carbon atoms in the formula - you might need to round
off, of course!).
So, in short:
1) calculate percentage of oxygen
2) calculate mass of each element (m = Mr * percentage)
3) calculate number of atoms of each element (n = m / atomic mass)
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aga
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I seem to recall posting a simple guide to balancing equations using simple algebra in response to one of your earlier questions.
Not being a trained teacher, i appologise that it was not clear enough for you to understand.
Nobody here will do your homework for you.
If you do NOT understand the questions, your 100% best course of action is to talk directly to your Teacher.
They are professional Teachers : if you say you do not understand, they will attempt to help you.
Involves at least some desire on Your part to understand, and some Effort.
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Yttrium2
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I am a little confused here, it has been a while since i've done problems that are similar to this. I'd have to check my notes. However, I've got a
lot of math to do so chemistry questions have resorted to something to just satisfy my curiousity. Eventually, I'll be studying chemistry again, but
for now it is math.
I guess this is kind of a math problem. It seems like it is an empirical formula problem / a percent composition problem, is been a while and this
type of stuff sticks better on a flash card or USB stick where I can more easily find it versus committing it to memory. Atleast that was in the past,
perhaps it will stick better now. I'm going to try to answer it...
edit empircal formula, and moleculr fomula
[Edited on 11/24/2015 by Yttrium2]
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Yttrium2
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74.2 % Carbon
7.9 % Hydrogen
the sum of these is 82.1, this taken away from 100 is 17.9%
so there is 17.9 % Oxygen
the next step for findng the empirical formula would be to change these numbers to grams
so 74.2 g of C
7.9 g of H
17.9g of O
then we multiply these by 1 mole over the AMU(I think?)
carbons amu is 12.011 gram 74.2 x 1/12.011 = 6.177
hydrogens amu is 1.00794 7.9 x 1/1.00794 = 7.837 <(these numbers)
oxygens amu is 15.9994 17.9 x 1/15.9994 = 1.118
next we make sig figs, we use least amount there are 2 so C is 6.1 H is 7.9 and O is 1.1
Then we divide these numbers by the smallest molar amount, which is oxygen, to find the whole number ratio of each compound.
6.1/1.1 = C5.54
7.9/1.1 = H7.18
1.1/1.1 = O1
then to get the lowest mole ratio we have to find a mutiple to make these each whole numbers
so we find that multiplying each by 6 makes whole numbers, or very close (not sure how close it needs to be)
C33H43O43
[Edited on 11/24/2015 by Yttrium2]
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Yttrium2
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Quote: Originally posted by ziqquratu  | Hi stacey,
Start with the elemental composition. You know the proportions - by mass - of C and H, and can therefore calculate the percentage of O (since those
are the only elements present).
From there, you can calculate what percent of the molecular mass is contributed by each element (multiply molecular mass by mass percent of each
element - so, for example, (178 * 0.742) = mass of carbon present). Finally, divide those numbers by the atomic mass of the corresponding element to
get the number of atoms of each element (178 * 0.742) / 12, for example, gives the number of carbon atoms in the formula - you might need to round
off, of course!).
So, in short:
1) calculate percentage of oxygen
2) calculate mass of each element (m = Mr * percentage)
3) calculate number of atoms of each element (n = m / atomic mass) |
isn't this incorrect? Don't ya divide the percentages by the atomic mass of each respective element? What is this question saying? What is it saying
about Mr being found by spectroscopy? What is Mr, and what is being found by spectroscopy here? Dont you just need the different percentages, then
divide this by the amu of each respective elements, then divide the lowest mole ratio into each amount of mole present, then take these numbers and
multiple by 1, 2, 3.... untill you find the smallest whole number molar ratio? And once this is found isn't this the empirical formula?
[Edited on 11/24/2015 by Yttrium2]
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CharlieA
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But the formula weight from MS is 178. The empirical formula that you have, C5.5H7.0O1 (my figures are just slightly different than yours) can be
multiplied by 2 to give C11H14O2, which has a formula weight of 178.
I hate to post the solution of this problem in detail, but then again, if you have to ask....
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Yttrium2
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3NH3 + H3PO4 -> (NH4)3PO4
on the left on the right
3Nitrogens 3 Nitrogen
12 hydrogens 12 hydrogens
1 Phosphorus 1 Phosphorus
4 oxygens 4 Oxygen
I thought I was going to really have to dig deep into everything I saved from general chemistry. After playing with the equation in the right way, I
got it easy.
How do you make the subscripts symbols? 
for the second equation, somehow I fumbled and thought it'd be a difficult equation involving fractional coefficients or something which is totally
something that I forgot how to do. The equation is simple
Li2CO3 -> Co2 +Li2O
2 Li on each side
1 C on each side
3 O on each side
[Edited on 11/24/2015 by Yttrium2]
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Yttrium2
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how did you get 7.0 for your hydrogen???
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Yttrium2
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how did you get 7.0 for your hydrogen???
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Yttrium2
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damn typo! Keyboard was lagging and I must have pressured 9 instead of 8! Agh!
what all happened in this problem? I'm getting wayyyyy confused
[Edited on 11/24/2015 by Yttrium2]
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woelen
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The intermediate rounding is not OK, only round in the last step of calculations, or when presenting answers. I use 6 digits in intermediate
calculations.
So, the ratios are
C: 6.17767/1.11879 = 5.52174
H: 7.83777/1.11879 = 7.00558
O: 1
Now, the estimates are much easier to convert to integer values. I would say that the empirical formula is C11H14O2. The molecular weight must be an
integer multiple of C11H14O2.
The molecular weight is measured as 178, which perfectly matches the molecular weight of C11H14O2. So, the molecular formula also is C11H14O2.
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woelen
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An important lesson you can learn from this example:
Never ever perform heavy rounding during calculations in physics or chemistry calculations. If your input values are given at N digit precision, then
use much more than N digits for all intermediate results and only when the final values to be presented are determined, round to N digits again.
The above is a nearly general thing, it applies to nearly all scientific calculations with input data of limited precision. Only in specialized
situations, the accuracy of the final answers is much lower or much higher than the accuracy of the input data.
[Edited on 24-11-15 by woelen]
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aga
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Like this :
SO(sub)4(/sub)
but use Square brackets :
SO4
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TheAlchemistPirate
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*is surprised people are actually helping with these copy-and-pasted questions*
"Is this even science anymore?!"
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Nicodem
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Is this truly a demand to solve a homework problem without even a "please" word? Must be some kind of a joke.
…there is a human touch of the cultist “believer” in every theorist that he must struggle against as being
unworthy of the scientist. Some of the greatest men of science have publicly repudiated a theory which earlier they hotly defended. In this lies their
scientific temper, not in the scientific defense of the theory. - Weston La Barre (Ghost Dance, 1972)
Read the The ScienceMadness Guidelines!
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Magpie
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This problem has already been solved by others but I wonder if Stacey understands the basis for how the answer was derived. My derivation below is a
more long-winded approach in an effort to provide the basis for the solution.
This is a problem in finding the simplest ratios of the atoms (or g-atoms) of C, H, and O, as put forth in Dalton's Law. The atoms combine
in ratios of small integers to form molecules.
That is, if the molecular formula is CxHyOz, then x, y, and z will be small integers.
Take as a basis 100g of this substance. Then the weights of each element would be:
74.2g C, 7.9g H, and 17.9g O
The g-atoms would be:
74.2/12.011 = 6.1111 for C
7.9/1.008 = 7.8373 for H
17.9/15.999 = 1.1188 for O
But from Dalton's Law we know the ratio of the g-atoms has to be in simple ratios of integer numbers. So, we divide each number by one of the numbers
of g-atoms to get integers. The choice is arbitrary. Let's use the number for O as this will get us numbers equal to or larger than 1.
Then the number of moles are:
6.1111/1.1188 = 5.4621 for C
7.8373/1.1188 = 7.0051 for H
1.1188/1.1188 = 1.0000 for O
The g-atoms for O is an integer, and that for H is very nearly an integer, but that for C is not. But if we multiply all by 2 we will have all at
very near integers, ie:
10.924 for C
14.010 for H
2.000 for O
Therefore the empirical formula is C11H14O2.
The molecular weight for this empirical formula just happens to be 178 so this is also the molecular formula.
The single most important condition for a successful synthesis is good mixing - Nicodem
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ziqquratu
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I started from the molecular mass, since it was provided, as you can calculate the number of moles of each element that are present in one mole of the
substance - and therefore should get the right numbers straight up (after appropriate rounding, of course, because the elemental analysis might be a
little off or whatever).
Apologies if I've confused anyone - I simply wished to provide a guide without providing the answer outright, using a shortcut applicable to the
question as presented. If you don't know the Mr, you'd usually start with assuming 100g, as clearly described by woelen and Magpie, but when you know
Mr you can simplify the math by starting with a mole of substance (and thus integer moles of each element).
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stacey0987
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Maths difficulties :(
Hello I am having difficulty with this question
What mass of nitrogen (Mr=28) occupies 25.0dm3 at 1.89x 105pA and 198 degrees Celsius.
Could someone please talk me through this, I do not just want an answer I want to no the stages so that I can do it independently next time.
[Edited on 25-11-2015 by stacey0987]
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DutchChemistryBox
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It is always the best to learn it by finding it out yourself.
I'll give you a hint:
PV = nRT aka the ideal gas law
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aga
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From experience, it is wise to assume that the questioner will NOT know what the P,V etc mean, so best to point them out DutchChemistryBox.
Without knowing what each term actually means, the equation is useless.
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stacey0987
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Maths help
Hi I have a question that I find really hard I need someone to talk me through it and explain how to do it, I do not just want a answer I want the
method so I will no how to do it independently.
Thank you for taking your time in helping me Your great
A liquid from an unlabeled aerosol was analysed and was found to be a single compound. 20g of the liquid contains 6.28g of fluorine, 11.74g of
chlorine and 1.98g of carbon. In a separate investigation 0.951g of a vaporised sample of the liquid occupied 300cm3 at 200 degrees Celsius
and a pressue of 103kPa.
I need to find the relative molecular mass of the liquid ????
Calculate the empirical and molecular formula for this compound ?????
I would do this question but I have NO IDEA HOW TO
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Magpie
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You can get the empirical formula the same way that your first problem was solved. Then as Dutch Chemistry Box said use the Ideal Gas Law, PV=nRT, to
find the molecular weight, MW. n is the number of moles. Google will explain the PV=nRT.
n = weight/MW
The single most important condition for a successful synthesis is good mixing - Nicodem
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