Sciencemadness Discussion Board
Not logged in [Login ]
Go To Bottom

Printable Version  
 Pages:  1  2  
Author: Subject: Pepper to Piperine problem
McLovin382
Harmless
*




Posts: 19
Registered: 26-9-2008
Member Is Offline

Mood: No Mood

[*] posted on 9-12-2008 at 09:53


Okay sorry :/ I'm half wrong

Piperine is indeed insoluble in water (moreso cold as usual), however when a solution/suspension of (black) peppercorns is microwaved, the peppercorns split open to release the piperine into the liquid, regardless of its polarity. A low boiling-point (liquid) nonpolar solvent could then be added to the mixture to solute the piperine, then filtered to remove the broken-open peppercorns. The water and low boiling-point nonpolar solvent could then be boiled/distilled off to yield relatively pure piperine in high yields, or alternatively (maybe) do a separation of the two layers, keep the nonpolar piperine-containing layer and just boil off the nonpolar solvent -- which if a low enough boiling solvent is used becomes much easier now that the water is gone.

Guess it would be possible technically to not use the water at all and just microwave in a nonpolar solvent then filter and boil off the solvent - but that would require a higher boiling-point solvent and wouldn't be as clean of a procedure for the microwave (albeit if one has a microwave dedicated solely to chemistry this is not exactly an issue :p)

http://www.erowid.org/archive/rhodium/chemistry/3base/pipero...
http://www.erowid.org/archive/rhodium/chemistry/3base/pipero...

Sorry about the confusion guys, hope that sounds a little better :p
View user's profile View All Posts By User
DJF90
International Hazard
*****




Posts: 2266
Registered: 15-12-2007
Location: At the bench
Member Is Offline

Mood: No Mood

[*] posted on 9-12-2008 at 15:02


Is there any reason for using a microwave at all? What would be wrong with finely grinding the peppercorns and leaving to soak in an appropriate solvent, possibly with magnetic stirring for reduced extraction time?
View user's profile View All Posts By User
watson.fawkes
International Hazard
*****




Posts: 2793
Registered: 16-8-2008
Member Is Offline

Mood: No Mood

[*] posted on 9-12-2008 at 16:56


If piperine differentially absorbs microwave radiation more than the solvent, they'll dissolve much quicker. I don't know that it does; you'd need to look at a spectrum.

This is related to the reason you should never microwave fish. The amine groups get very reactive at 2.4 GHz and that's what makes it taste "fishier".
View user's profile View All Posts By User
octave
Harmless
*




Posts: 39
Registered: 4-11-2007
Member Is Offline

Mood: Working.

[*] posted on 9-12-2008 at 18:25


From that article I got that the microwave breaks open the cell in a sense making it easier to extract in a shorter amount of time.
View user's profile View All Posts By User
Nicodem
Super Moderator
*******




Posts: 4230
Registered: 28-12-2004
Member Is Offline

Mood: No Mood

[*] posted on 10-12-2008 at 00:22


Quote:
Originally posted by McLovin382
Okay sorry :/ I'm half wrong

Piperine is indeed insoluble in water (moreso cold as usual), however when a solution/suspension of (black) peppercorns is microwaved, the peppercorns split open to release the piperine into the liquid, regardless of its polarity. A low boiling-point (liquid) nonpolar solvent could then be added to the mixture to solute the piperine, then filtered to remove the broken-open peppercorns. The water and low boiling-point nonpolar solvent could then be boiled/distilled off to yield relatively pure piperine in high yields, or alternatively (maybe) do a separation of the two layers, keep the nonpolar piperine-containing layer and just boil off the nonpolar solvent -- which if a low enough boiling solvent is used becomes much easier now that the water is gone.

Guess it would be possible technically to not use the water at all and just microwave in a nonpolar solvent then filter and boil off the solvent - but that would require a higher boiling-point solvent and wouldn't be as clean of a procedure for the microwave (albeit if one has a microwave dedicated solely to chemistry this is not exactly an issue :p)

http://www.erowid.org/archive/rhodium/chemistry/3base/pipero...
http://www.erowid.org/archive/rhodium/chemistry/3base/pipero...

Sorry about the confusion guys, hope that sounds a little better :p

Stop spreading misinformation! How many times do you have to be told this? The paper you linked demonstrates all your claims are wrong and you still do not give up. Piperine is insoluble in water. Adding water in between the powdered seeds and extraction solvent only makes the access of the solvent to the inside of the organic matter more unlikely. The reason why humid seeds were extracted faster than dryer, in the paper you linked, is because they heated the mixture with microwaves and not because some fancy effects of microwaves on solubility that goes against all law of physics. Besides the paper was published in 2002 when microwaves were still a fad which only contributed to the decline in quality of scientific publications.




…there is a human touch of the cultist “believer” in every theorist that he must struggle against as being unworthy of the scientist. Some of the greatest men of science have publicly repudiated a theory which earlier they hotly defended. In this lies their scientific temper, not in the scientific defense of the theory. - Weston La Barre (Ghost Dance, 1972)

Read the The ScienceMadness Guidelines!
View user's profile View All Posts By User
stoichiometric_steve
National Hazard
****




Posts: 827
Registered: 14-12-2005
Member Is Offline

Mood: satyric

[*] posted on 10-12-2008 at 05:40


Quote:
Originally posted by watson.fawkes
This is related to the reason you should never microwave fish. The amine groups get very reactive at 2.4 GHz and that's what makes it taste "fishier".


To be more precise, the Trimethylamine-N-Oxide gets reduced to Trimethylamine, and THAT'S what makes the fish taste "fishier".




View user's profile View All Posts By User
McLovin382
Harmless
*




Posts: 19
Registered: 26-9-2008
Member Is Offline

Mood: No Mood

[*] posted on 10-12-2008 at 15:00


Fine...jesus I'm not trying to spread misinformation but apparently at least to some I am so carry on.
View user's profile View All Posts By User
watson.fawkes
International Hazard
*****




Posts: 2793
Registered: 16-8-2008
Member Is Offline

Mood: No Mood

[*] posted on 10-12-2008 at 17:38


Quote:
Originally posted by stoichiometric_steve
To be more precise, the Trimethylamine-N-Oxide gets reduced to Trimethylamine, and THAT'S what makes the fish taste "fishier".
Thank you. I had only ever seen the approximate version.
View user's profile View All Posts By User
peach
Bon Vivant
*****




Posts: 1428
Registered: 14-11-2008
Member Is Offline

Mood: No Mood

[*] posted on 30-4-2010 at 19:49


Quote: Originally posted by watson.fawkes  

This is related to the reason you should never microwave fish. The amine groups get very reactive at 2.4 GHz and that's what makes it taste "fishier".


:D

I love this forum... barely legal chemistry to tips on cooking your dinner
View user's profile View All Posts By User
idontlie
Harmless
*




Posts: 15
Registered: 3-1-2010
Member Is Offline

Mood: No Mood

[*] posted on 13-5-2010 at 05:26


Oh the gunk.

Tried this earlier this year.

The cold acetone shake n stir method gives you shitty grey gunk that smells stronger, rather spicy, than the original pepper. Unfortunately the grey gunk simply clogs my filter paper and I gave up on it. Maybe I need a vacuum filtration flask.

Alcohol Reflux attempts:
Traditional Reflux (denatured alcohol) stirring strong before adding your pepper is important fyi unless you don't want anything to move. Brown liquid, filtered, brown grey residue left on beaker scraped w/ razor blade smelled fowl, kind of made my eyes water. Decided that was bad, accidentally spilled some and stepped in it. left sticky shit on my shoe that left nasty grey track marks on the floor. Got pissed and threw it away.

Microwave Alcohol extraction (191 proof grain alcohol) turned dark black, filtered hot. Filtrate is still black, leaves thick grey tinged green shit on your collection beaker as it cools. Second filtration left only dark alcohol. Left this for two months to dry ended up with grey shit resembling the stuff collected on the sides of the beaker.

Alcohol (Methanol, w/ possible NitroMe azeotrope) Thick black and nasty clogged the filter. Very sticky, smelled terrible, scraping w. razor blade got it off.

Pepper corns where ground in a food processor until about the thickness of a broken off pencil lead.

Setup for reflux was microwave, 1l rbf hanging in from top at about middle, 200mm viggy (used to give separation from the microwave for the true condenser), 400mm west running ice water toped w/ balloon when the balloon got bigger than my fat head I unplug the microwave. Yes I melted a kleck clamp in the microwave, I don't want to talk about it.
Originally started with the soda bottle method. Don't do that at all, the bottle warps, the cap blows off and burning hot irritating pepper blows into the microwave and if your unlucky the roof the walls and just fucking everywhere, leaving yellow stains on everything. They come up with scrubbing but take some paint with em. sucks. Tried deflatting the soda bottle, keeping a cup of water in the microwave with it, yada yada same result.

Traditional reflux was 500ml 400mm west, oil bath, stirring.
View user's profile View All Posts By User
bbartlog
International Hazard
*****




Posts: 1139
Registered: 27-8-2009
Location: Unmoored in time
Member Is Offline

Mood: No Mood

[*] posted on 13-5-2010 at 16:01


Quote:
Tried this earlier this year[...]Left this for two months to dry ended up with grey shit resembling the stuff collected on the sides of the beaker. (etc...)


You seem to have this idea that the piperine is just going to magically be extracted, all by itself with no impurities, with one simple soaking in ethanol. If you look at the procedure linked to above (on erowid), they concentrate the ethanolic extract (boil down 90%) and then add KOH, followed by water dropwise to precipitate piperine (or its base). Your 'grey shit' probably had what you were after in it. If you aren't going to learn enough chemistry to improvise your own workup you will at least need enough discipline to follow existing posted recipes more precisely.

View user's profile View All Posts By User
Hexagon
Harmless
*




Posts: 45
Registered: 11-5-2010
Member Is Offline

Mood: Fanf*ckingtastic

[*] posted on 13-5-2010 at 18:06


My tech on pepper to crude piperine:

50 grams of powdered black pepper are stirred with 250 mls of EtOH for 2 hours, this is filtered and the solids are squeezed carefuly to obtain 200-225 mls of filtrate. This filtrate is evaporated on an stainless steel pan until a liquid but thick resinous mather is obtained. Next, I eyeball all this process, but a safe asumption is to mix that resinous mater with 15 mls of hot acetone, add 10 mls of lighter fluid (naphta) put a lid on and let this mixture sit at the freezer until crude crystals are obtained. If pure piperine is what is desired, then recrystalizations shoul get out all that gunk. A fair yield are 1,5 grams of crude piperine from 50 grams of pepper, but I'm sure that with a more refined technique yields of 2 grams can be obtained. That would be a 3-4% mass yield based on pepper, not bad!

One of the next things I'm going to work on is making sodium piperate without isolating the piperine, and degrading this same salt to piperonal with benedict's solution or fehling's solution.
View user's profile View All Posts By User
idontlie
Harmless
*




Posts: 15
Registered: 3-1-2010
Member Is Offline

Mood: No Mood

[*] posted on 14-5-2010 at 04:59


Quote: Originally posted by bbartlog  
Quote:
Tried this earlier this year[...]Left this for two months to dry ended up with grey shit resembling the stuff collected on the sides of the beaker. (etc...)


You seem to have this idea that the piperine is just going to magically be extracted, all by itself with no impurities, with one simple soaking in ethanol. If you look at the procedure linked to above (on erowid), they concentrate the ethanolic extract (boil down 90%) and then add KOH, followed by water dropwise to precipitate piperine (or its base). Your 'grey shit' probably had what you were after in it. If you aren't going to learn enough chemistry to improvise your own workup you will at least need enough discipline to follow existing posted recipes more precisely.



Ill admit it I'm an honest to god idiot, but I'm an idiot who's not quite dumb enough to really be a harm to anyone.

I just was curious, not really enough to actually do anything with it . The boiling hot pepper eye irritation in my kitchen kinda got me to thinking about what I was doing, Ive came a long way in a few months of taking classes and actually becoming sober. Thats what happened then and just wanted to share it "for the betterment of people much smarter than I."

Thank you though =)
View user's profile View All Posts By User
eesakiwi
Harmless
*




Posts: 27
Registered: 10-8-2005
Member Is Offline

Mood: drawnout

[*] posted on 26-5-2010 at 22:20


Its as easy as this.
Pour 1 Lb or 500gms of ground pepper into a plastic bottle.
The bottle our Meths (denatured alcohol) comes in works well. Its 1 Litre.

Pour in some Meths untill theres about 2 inches of alcohol above the pepper.
Shake it well & open it & squeeze out about 2/3rds of the air in there.

Put the bottle into the microwave & blast it, as the bottle heats up, stop & take it out & shake it well.
Do it every 20 seconds untill you get used to doing it.
You can hear the bottle expand as the air gets hot, the crinkles 'pop' out.

You have to make sure theres no 'Hot spots' in the pepper, once they get hot they attract the microwaves (don't ask, I know what you mean) & get hotter while the other stuffs still cold/warm.

As the crinkles pop out keep checking it, before its starting to pressurize the bottle, open it gain & push more air out.

Once the meths is a nice hotish & green/brown colour.
Open the bottle top up after tamping the bottle so the peppers at the bottom.
I let it sit for a while so I don't get so much stuff I have to filter out later.

Now top up the meths again & do the microwave thing again.
And again.
And again.
After the three extractions I don't bother doing any more.

Now filter it.
Boil the meths down untill it just starts to get thicker.
Recycle the meths if you can, its a meths greedy operation.
The less meths theres is the less of a need for water, well, less of a volume anyway.

Cool it down to cold.
Pour it into a tall glass bottle (2 - 3 times meths/pepper volume.)
& add water dropwise.

As the liquid volume increases that gooyey crap will drop out first.
Thats where I think 'idon'tlie' stopped...

With more water you will start to see tiny 'glitters' in the liquid, they look quite nice.
A little of a rainbow effect, more green/yellow as you would expect.

As soon as you see the 'glitters' (and next time, before you see the glitters)
pour the liquid into another tall bottle.
Now keep adding water as before & the Piperine will start to drop out.
You will be left with a big smudge of wet slightly gooey crystals on the bottom of the bottle & a ugly light brown/clear liquid above it.

Pour out the liquid & filter it to get the piperine as a yellow mush.
Now heat it till the waters gone.
Redissolve it in meths again if you want to add KOH & do the above water/meths thing again.
Now dissolve it in hot Acetone & boil for a while, then add Pet ether, Colmans fluid, ligroin, 1516, whateveryou call it.
Untill the crystals have dropped to the bottom of the flask, now freeze it for more.

Do that bit again to clean them again.
Try & grow some big ones like I saw here, much bigger than mine....
View user's profile View All Posts By User
Picric-A
National Hazard
****




Posts: 796
Registered: 1-5-2008
Location: England
Member Is Offline

Mood: Fuming

[*] posted on 13-7-2010 at 13:10


I attempted the extraction of piperine from pepper today.

This extraction was performed in a Soxhlet extractor and ethanol was used as the solvent. 100g of pepper was ground up into a coarse powder and this was loaded into the extracted. 150ml of ethanol (methylated 95%) was added to the 250ml round bottomed flask and the condenser was attached.

Extraction was allowed to continue for 6 hours. After 6 hours a TLC was run. The plate was then viewed under short and long wave UV light. The TLC suggested two compounds were present in the ethanol, one much more concentrated than the other (presumably at this stage the piperine). The ‘piperine’ glowed a yellow colour under the UV however the other compound circled fluoresced a nice pink/red colour.
(I tried to take a photo of the plate under UV however my camera would not capture the different colours so it was pointless.)

After taking the TLC I left the extraction to go over-night. I report tomorrow after rotovaping the ethanol down and precipitating the piperine to give you an idea of my yield.


soxhlet extractor-piperine.jpg - 23kB TLC piperine.jpg - 11kB
View user's profile View All Posts By User This user has MSN Messenger
Picric-A
National Hazard
****




Posts: 796
Registered: 1-5-2008
Location: England
Member Is Offline

Mood: Fuming

[*] posted on 13-7-2010 at 17:28


Now for the update.

After extracting the ethanolic piperine solution (150ml) it was evaporated down on a rotovap at 40degC at 20in.Hg. Evaporating was stopped when around 10ml of oily liquid was left, this was then transferred to a beaker.
10ml of additional ethanol was used to wash the evaporating flask, giving a total of 20ml of more concentrated piperine.

30ml of cold water was added. This instantly produced a creamy yellow ppt. Upon attempting to filter this ppt. it seemed to melt into an oil (as mentioned earlier in this post) and it proved very difficult to seperate.

As a result of this complication i have decided to proceed straight to the hydrolysis to piperic acid, without seperating the crude piperine.

rotovaping piperine.jpg - 17kBpiperine.jpg - 14kB
View user's profile View All Posts By User This user has MSN Messenger
peach
Bon Vivant
*****




Posts: 1428
Registered: 14-11-2008
Member Is Offline

Mood: No Mood

[*] posted on 15-7-2010 at 16:23


COME ON PICRIC, POST! :P
View user's profile View All Posts By User
DJF90
International Hazard
*****




Posts: 2266
Registered: 15-12-2007
Location: At the bench
Member Is Offline

Mood: No Mood

[*] posted on 17-7-2010 at 06:03


Hey Picric, now you seem to have a camera how about pictures of the elusive "mini contact plant that produces oleum for 50p a liter" that Saber (a.k.a. you) supposedly built, eh?
View user's profile View All Posts By User
Picric-A
National Hazard
****




Posts: 796
Registered: 1-5-2008
Location: England
Member Is Offline

Mood: Fuming

[*] posted on 17-7-2010 at 08:10


Hey peach, more pics are comming, i just ran into some problems so had to repeat the whole extraction again so it is taking slightly longer than expected, sorry!
DJ- as i have said i disaccembled it after a SO3 leak caused serious damage to my home.
View user's profile View All Posts By User This user has MSN Messenger
panziandi
Hazard to Others
***




Posts: 490
Registered: 3-10-2006
Location: UK
Member Is Offline

Mood: Bored

[*] posted on 18-7-2010 at 06:07


Well I'm certain everyone saw that coming after all it was almost industrial scale SO3 production you were claiming! Shame we can't see photos of the disassembelled contact plant, photos of the oleum produced and the damaged caused... not so that we believe you, just so that we can judge the extent of damaged caused by the SO3 on whatever scale you were working on. If it was test tubes and sodagass by all means enlarge the images to make them appear industrial! As to the thread itself... not bad work. Although 20mL of "more concentrated piperine" seems a bit vague, was this 20mL of piperine or 20mL of a concentrated solution? 20mL of piperine from 100g of pepper seems rediculously high, it wouldn't occur at that concentration in the pepper let alone being able to isolate 100% of it via conventional solvent extraction. Such extractions are not uncommon to be run over night or for days. Be interesting to see the piperine characterised via a crystalline derivative such as the periodide.



View user's profile Visit user's homepage View All Posts By User This user has MSN Messenger
DJF90
International Hazard
*****




Posts: 2266
Registered: 15-12-2007
Location: At the bench
Member Is Offline

Mood: No Mood

[*] posted on 18-7-2010 at 06:11


Well given that 20g pepper yields about 0.3g of piperine (of the top of my head) then I would not expect the 20ml solution to contain more than about 1.5g. I'm confused by the comment "As a result of this complication i have decided to proceed straight to the hydrolysis to piperic acid, without seperating the crude piperine". What are you working towards..?
View user's profile View All Posts By User
panziandi
Hazard to Others
***




Posts: 490
Registered: 3-10-2006
Location: UK
Member Is Offline

Mood: Bored

[*] posted on 18-7-2010 at 06:18


Indeed it seems very high to me too! The crude isolate he has will also contain various esters, terepenes, resins, and likely isomers of piperine as well as various aldehydes, alcohols etc. All in all moving to hydrolysis step on a crude biological extract in vague hope to isolate pure piperic acid (I hope he is doing this all under the legal shelter of his licensed laboratory that he has registered (supposedly) with his local constabulary... lol what a joker!) will e a waste of time! Of course what he plans to do with the 5-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2,4-pentadienoic acid is beyond me, I can have a good stab at it though judging the nature of this forum and the structure of the molecule...

[Edited on 18-7-2010 by panziandi]




View user's profile Visit user's homepage View All Posts By User This user has MSN Messenger
DJF90
International Hazard
*****




Posts: 2266
Registered: 15-12-2007
Location: At the bench
Member Is Offline

Mood: No Mood

[*] posted on 18-7-2010 at 06:23


Wikipedia (of all places) has a little advice regarding isolation of the crystalline material:
Quote:

Further, it may be prepared by treating the solvent-free residue from an alcoholic extract of black pepper, with a solution of sodium hydroxide to remove resin (said to contain chavicine, an isomer of piperine) and solution of the washed, insoluble residue in warm alcohol, from which the alkaloid crystallises on cooling.


There's no citation, but it sounds reasonable.
View user's profile View All Posts By User
Picric-A
National Hazard
****




Posts: 796
Registered: 1-5-2008
Location: England
Member Is Offline

Mood: Fuming

[*] posted on 18-7-2010 at 09:38


It was 20ml of piperine solution made form 250ml ofo piperine solution so i called it more concentrated, i am not claiming to have made 20ml of piperine!

DJ- The 'Complication' was the fact it was very hard to isolate a dry powder 'piperine' due to the large amount of other crude matter in the extract which made it into an oil, not a nice dry powder as it appears in the photo of the ppt. My aim was piperic acid and so i saw no need to isolate it.

Panziandi- i was not aiming to make amphetamines from the piperine, i thought you of all people would know i have no interest in such things.

Oh and this was done in my registered lab.

[Edited on 18-7-2010 by Picric-A]
View user's profile View All Posts By User This user has MSN Messenger
Picric-A
National Hazard
****




Posts: 796
Registered: 1-5-2008
Location: England
Member Is Offline

Mood: Fuming

[*] posted on 18-7-2010 at 09:51


My final set of photos for this synthesis;

After obtaining the crude oily piperine the solvent was decanted off and 50ml of 5M NaOH (aq) was added. This mix was boiled in a beaker for one hour (whilst constantly topping up the water level). After one hour a dark red/brown solution was obtained along with other insoluble material.

The solution was then gravity filtered to obtain a clear reddish solution. This was acidified to produce a cream-white precipitate which was presumably piperic acid. (sorry i couldnt get a picture of the piperic acid ppt, my lab partner threw it away (due to the toxic nature of the pyrazine and horrid smell of the solution) before i had a chance to take a final picture.

[Edited on 18-7-2010 by Picric-A]

hydrolysis of piperine.JPG - 36kBpiperic acid sodium salt.JPG - 12kB
View user's profile View All Posts By User This user has MSN Messenger
 Pages:  1  2  

  Go To Top