It is remarkable that there are such large differences between different EU-countries.
I live in NL and regularly order online from dutch or german suppliers. Some chemicals indeed are very hard to find (NH4NO3, NaClO4, KClO4, KClO3,
NaClO3, HNO3, H2O2 (> 10%), and increasingly so also NaNO3 and KNO3), but most other chemicals still can be purchased without too much hassle, also
stuff like HClO4 (60%), SO2Cl(OH), H3PO4 (98%), red P, I2. Another class of chemicals which are hard to find are inorganic acyl chlorides, like PCl5,
POCl3, PCl3, SOCl2. There is no official restriction on these (except in very large quantities, because they can be used as chemical warfare agent
precursors), but these are not sold to individuals because of their very risky nature and extreme corrosiveness. Most companies do not want to run the
risk of selling these to possibly unknowing people and having reports of accidents with these.
Stuff like acetone, solid NaOH, diethyl ether, HCl (10% and 30%) are still OTC over here and can be purchased without any issues. Concentrated H2SO4
becomes more difficult, some companies want a declaration of use, but it still is sold to individuals more or less OTC.
I have the impression that in the Netherlands the bulk cheap chemicals which can be used for explosives are restricted severely, but that much more
expensive, or chemicals one step further away from a bomb still are available. So, KClO4 as a bulk oxidizer is not allowed anymore, but the expensive
60% HClO4 (EUR 50 per liter or so) still is. Terrorists will need a lot of money and a lot of preprocessing if they want to use that chemical for an
explosive device. With bulk stuff like NH4NO3 they could make a powerful bomb for EUR 1000 or so, simply by mixing a few compounds. If they want the
same with e.g. HClO4 as a basis for making KClO4, then they would need appr. EUR 50000 for a bomb of similar strength and a lot of work to convert the
hundreds of liters of HClO4 to dried and finely powdered KClO4 before it can be mixed into a bomb.
But of course, also here in NL things are changing. As soon as I have the impression that I really cannot safely do chemistry experiments anymore
without fear of the police running into my house, then I quit. Right now I do not store certain chemicals anymore (one of them is HNO3), but if I need
them, I make them in small quantities to be used up quickly. I have a small stock of 90% HNO3 (I think it's around 40 ml), which I made myself and
with my microscale experiments this goes a long way. If this is nearly used up I may make a little more and use that again, but I do not store a few
liters of HNO3 anymore. It is not allowed anymore. The same is true for KClO3. I made some by means of electrolysis (see my webpage) and I still have
some (I think appr. 100 grams), but buying it and keeping a kilo of it around is not done anymore.
The only real annoyance is that I cannot easily make 30% H2O2. I can buy 10% H2O2, but making it more concentrated without big losses has proven to be
less trivial than many people think it is. CH3NO2 is another hard to make yourself thing, but that chemical is not very important. When it was still
available, I hardly used it, I can do perfectly fine without it. Na- and K-Perchlorates also are not very interesting for me. I do no pyrotechnics
(not allowed at all in NL) and for aqueous chemistry I can use neutralized HClO4 (albeit at high cost) and NH4ClO4 (also at fairly high cost) which
are interesting for making certain transition metal complexes which can be crystallized easily. |