A metal or mineral below its melting point is a solid, so any effects will be superficial.
Most metals that I can think of usually form an oxide layer at room temperature when exposed to the atmosphere,
gold, platinum etc. I think do not form an oxide layer.
if you heat the object what happens depends upon the surrounding atmosphere,
e.g. the inner blue part of a flame may reduce the oxide layer to the metal, the outer part will almost certainly increase oxide layer thickness.
In general, heating in air will increase oxide layer thickness.
the pressure of gas above a liquid is its vapour pressure,
which is a function of temperature, liquids boil when vapour pressure >= actual pressure.
Pressure vs. temperature graphs have been made for most chemicals and are fairly easy to find via google.
A couple of common chemicals that are prevented from boiling at temperatures above their atmospheric pressure boiling point
are liquid butane (b.p. c0C) and propane (b.p. -42C)
If you look for pressure vs temperature (phase) diagrams for your chemical
you can determine what pressure is required for the chemical to remain liquid at a given temperature.
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