The decarboxylation reaction produces CO2 and this gas fills the flask, the air space in the condenser, etc. So you would working under inert
atmosphere so to speak.
The 4 hour 30 minutes reflux time isn't carved into stone! Reaction can be finished (become transparent) in say 2 hours or it can require much longer
reflux time, say 8 hours! Depends on your catalyst, reflux temp, ratio of substrate to catalyst, etc.
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