Picric acid combines with amines to yield molecular
compounds (picrates), which usually possess characteristic melting points.
Most picrates have the composition 1 mol amine : 1 mol picric acid.
The picrates of the amines, particularly of the more basic ones, are
generally more stable than the molecular complexes formed between
picric acid and the hydrocarbons (compare Section IV,9,2).
If the amine is soluble in water, mix it with a slight excess (about
25 per cent.) of a saturated solution of picric acid in water (the solubility
in cold water is about 1 per cent.). If the amine is insoluble in water,
dissolve it by the addition of 2-3 drops of dilute hydrochloric acid (1:1)
for each 2-3 inl. of water, then add a slight excess of the reagent. If a
heavy precipitate does not form immediately after the addition of the
picric acid solution, allow the mixture to stand for some time and then
shake vigorously. Filter off the precipitated picrate and recrystallise it
from boiling water, alcohol or dilute alcohol, boiling 10 per cent, acetic
acid, chloroform or, best, benzene. |