Laboratory

A laboratory or lab is a facility and/or workroom that provides controlled conditions for scientific or technological research, experiments, analysis or measurement, either professional or amateur. Laboratories are generally well defined places, separate from other chambers, with specific guidelines and requirements.

General

Labs are rooms equipped with a variety of scientific instruments, such as glassware, measurement apparatus, workbench, cabinets, fumehoods and sometimes gloveboxes.

Equipment

The most important lab equipment are:

Apparatus

Every lab requires a weighing scale, a thermometer and a source of heat.

Although once commonplace, an open flame for a heat source has largely been replaces by the hotplate and stirrer combination, mostly due to ease-of-use, secondly due to the reduced explosion hazard with volatile chemicals.

A source of cooling water is needed for reflux operations, which can be supplied by normal tap water or a bucket and pump arrangement.

A well equipped lab will have a vacuum pump of some nature, possibly a simple venturii type, right up to a multi-stage purpose-build pump.

Glassware

By far the most common laboratory glassware is the humble test tube.

Next are all sorts of glass containers, ranging from simple bottles, through beakers, conical flasks, round flasks, even long-necked quantitative measuring flasks.

Probably the most iconic lab glassware is the distillation aparatus, consisting of a boiling flask and a condenser, of which there are many types.

Safety

Working in a lab involves various risks, ranging from workplace injuries to exposure to various dangerous reagents.