Nonane

Nonane

Names
IUPAC name n-Nonane
Systematic IUPAC name Nonane
Identifiers
Jmol-3D images	Image
SMILES CCCCCCCCC
Properties
Chemical formula	C9H20
Molar mass	128.26 g/mol
Appearance	Colorless viscous liquid
Odor	Gasoline-like
Density	0.718 g/cm3
Melting point	−54.1 – −53.1 °C (−65.4 – −63.6 °F; 219.1–220.1 K)
Boiling point	150.4–151.0 °C (302.7–303.8 °F; 423.5–424.1 K)
Solubility in water	Insoluble
Solubility	Miscible with hydrocarbons, halocarbons
Vapor pressure	0.59 kPa (at 25.0 °C)
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfHo298)	−275.7 – −273.7 kJ·mol−1
Hazards
Safety data sheet	ScienceLab
Flash point	31.0 °C
Related compounds
Related compounds	Octane Decane
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Nonane or n-nonane is an organic chemical compound, a straight-chain hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C₉H₂₀. Unlike most alkanes, the numeric prefix in its name derives from Latin, rather than Greek (using a Greek prefix would be enneane).

Properties

Chemical

Nonane will burn in air in the presence of an ignition source.

C₉H₂₀ + 14 O₂ → 9 CO₂ + 10 H₂O

Physical

Nonane is a colorless liquid, with a petroleum odor, insoluble in water, but miscible with other organic solvents.

Availability

Nonane can be extracted from various petroleum solvents, such as Stoddard solvent (which contains a mixture of aliphatic and alicyclic C7 to C12 hydrocarbons), via fractional distillation, though you need a large amount of Stoddard solvent to obtain any useful amount of n-nonane.

Nonane can also be purchased from chemical suppliers.

Preparation

One way of obtaining (relative) pure nonane is through the decarboxylation of capric acid and its salts. However, this process will also give many side products and purification is required.

Nonane is best purchased than prepared.

Projects

• Organic extractions

Handling

Safety

Nonane vapors are irritant and because it's flammable, it is considered a fire hazard. However, as it is less volatile than most alkanes, its vapors are generally less of a problem.

Storage

In closed bottles, away from any heat source.

Disposal

Nonane can be safely burned.

References

Relevant Sciencemadness threads

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