Difference between revisions of "Neodymium iron boron magnet"
(Expansion) |
(→Properties) |
||
| Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
'''Neodymium iron boron magnets''', commonly referred to as '''neodymium magnets''' or '''NdFeB''', '''NIB''' or '''Neo magnet''', are [[magnet|magnets]] made from a sintered alloy of [[neodymium]], [[iron]], and [[boron]]. They produce the highest commercially available magnetic fields (approximately 1 tesla) and make [[paramagnetism]] and [[diamagnetism]] in materials far more visible than most other magnets. They are also a common source of neodymium because they are relatively easy to obtain from different everyday objects. Due to their high field strengths large neodymium magnets may cause damage to objects if they are allowed near ferromagnetic materials, and can break bones easily. | '''Neodymium iron boron magnets''', commonly referred to as '''neodymium magnets''' or '''NdFeB''', '''NIB''' or '''Neo magnet''', are [[magnet|magnets]] made from a sintered alloy of [[neodymium]], [[iron]], and [[boron]]. They produce the highest commercially available magnetic fields (approximately 1 tesla) and make [[paramagnetism]] and [[diamagnetism]] in materials far more visible than most other magnets. They are also a common source of neodymium because they are relatively easy to obtain from different everyday objects. Due to their high field strengths large neodymium magnets may cause damage to objects if they are allowed near ferromagnetic materials, and can break bones easily. | ||
| − | == | + | ===Chemical=== |
| − | + | The alloy inside the magnets is primarily composed of macroscopic Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B grains, surrounded by a Nd-rich matrix layer (~90% Nd). For amateur chemist purposes, they can be assumed to be composed entirely of Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B alloy. | |
| + | |||
| + | Neodymium magnets are plated in a oxidation-resistant layer of copper, nickel, and/or gold, with possible tin and mercury additives. When this layer is broken, they will react vigorously with acids to produce corresponding neodymium and iron salts, as well as boron or boric acid depending on the acid chosen. | ||
| + | |||
| + | 2 Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B + 35 H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> -> 4 Nd<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> + 28 FeSO<sub>4</sub> + 2 H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub> + 3 SO<sub>2</sub> + 35 H<sub>2</sub> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Physical=== | ||
| + | Neodymium magnets are a dark gray, grainy sintered alloy coated with a mechanically polished, electroplated layer of protective metals such as nickel, copper, tin, and/or gold. | ||
==Availability== | ==Availability== | ||
Revision as of 22:01, 10 January 2018
 |
This article is a stub. Please help Sciencemadness Wiki by expanding it, adding pictures, and improving existing text.
|
Neodymium iron boron magnets, commonly referred to as neodymium magnets or NdFeB, NIB or Neo magnet, are magnets made from a sintered alloy of neodymium, iron, and boron. They produce the highest commercially available magnetic fields (approximately 1 tesla) and make paramagnetism and diamagnetism in materials far more visible than most other magnets. They are also a common source of neodymium because they are relatively easy to obtain from different everyday objects. Due to their high field strengths large neodymium magnets may cause damage to objects if they are allowed near ferromagnetic materials, and can break bones easily.
Contents
Chemical
The alloy inside the magnets is primarily composed of macroscopic Nd2Fe14B grains, surrounded by a Nd-rich matrix layer (~90% Nd). For amateur chemist purposes, they can be assumed to be composed entirely of Nd2Fe14B alloy.
Neodymium magnets are plated in a oxidation-resistant layer of copper, nickel, and/or gold, with possible tin and mercury additives. When this layer is broken, they will react vigorously with acids to produce corresponding neodymium and iron salts, as well as boron or boric acid depending on the acid chosen.
2 Nd2Fe14B + 35 H2SO4 -> 4 Nd2(SO4)3 + 28 FeSO4 + 2 H3BO3 + 3 SO2 + 35 H2
Physical
Neodymium magnets are a dark gray, grainy sintered alloy coated with a mechanically polished, electroplated layer of protective metals such as nickel, copper, tin, and/or gold.
Availability
Almost all rare-earth permanent magnets are made of this material.
Projects
Extracting neodymium from magnets
Is difficult for the home chemist. Witness the epic that is The trouble with Neodymium thread.
Handling
Safety
Storage
In closed containers, away from moisture and acidic vapors.
Disposal
Best to recycle it.
