Difference between revisions of "Tartaric acid"
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| − | Tartaric acid is available in many winemaking and agricultural stores. | + | Tartaric acid is available in many winemaking and agricultural stores, though it's more commonly found in the form of potassium bitartrate (cream of tartar) rather than pure acid. |
Both racemic and isomeric tartaric acid can be purchased from chemical suppliers. | Both racemic and isomeric tartaric acid can be purchased from chemical suppliers. | ||
Revision as of 18:05, 10 May 2017
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid
| |
| Other names
2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid
E334 Paratartaric acid Racemic acid Threaric acid Uvic acid | |
| Properties | |
| C4H6O6 | |
| Molar mass | 150.087 g/mol |
| Appearance | Crystalline solid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.79 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | D-(−)-Tartaric acid 172-174 °C L-(+)-Tartaric acid 170-172 °C racemic 210-212 °C meso-Tartaric acid 165-166 °C |
| Boiling point | Decomposes |
| L or D-tartaric 20.6 g/100 ml DL, racemic 21 g/100 ml meso 125 g/100 ml | |
| Solubility | Soluble in ethanol Poorly soluble in glacial acetic acid, diethyl ether, isobutanol Insoluble in chloroform, dichloromethane |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | Sigma-Aldrich (levo) Sigma-Aldrich (dextro) Sigma-Aldrich (racemic) Simga-Aldrich (meso) |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds
|
Succinic acid |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Tartaric acid is a white crystalline organic acid which occurs naturally in many plants, most notably in fruits, such as grapes. One of its salts, potassium bitartrate, commonly known as cream of tartar, is formed naturally in the process of winemaking.
Naturally occurring tartaric acid is chiral, and is a useful raw material in organic chemistry for the synthesis. The naturally occurring form of the acid is dextrotartaric acid or D-(-)-tartaric acid.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
Tartaric acid can be reduced to succinic acid.
Physical
Tartaric acid is a crystalline colorless solid, soluble in water and alcohols.
Availability
Tartaric acid is available in many winemaking and agricultural stores, though it's more commonly found in the form of potassium bitartrate (cream of tartar) rather than pure acid.
Both racemic and isomeric tartaric acid can be purchased from chemical suppliers.
Preparation
Tartaric acid can be made by acidifying potassium bitartrate, which can be extracted from wine fermentation products (lees) or purchased from the store.
Projects
- Grow large and beautiful crystals
- Demonstration of chirality in organic compounds
- Make cream of tartar
- Make dihydroxymaleic acid
Handling
Safety
Tartaric acid has low toxicity and it's approved as food additive.
Storage
Tartaric acid should be kept in closed bottles.
Disposal
No special disposal is required. Discard it as you wish.
