Difference between revisions of "Chromyl chloride"
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| pKb = | | pKb = | ||
| Solubility = Reacts | | Solubility = Reacts | ||
| − | | SolubleOther = Soluble in glacial [[acetic acid]], [[benzene]], [[carbon disulfide]], [[carbon tetrachloride]], [[chloroform]], [[dichloromethane]], [[diethyl ether]], [[nitrobenzene]], [[phosphorus oxychloride]] | + | | SolubleOther = Reacts with alcohols<br>Soluble in glacial [[acetic acid]], [[benzene]], [[carbon disulfide]], [[carbon tetrachloride]], [[chloroform]], [[dichloromethane]], [[diethyl ether]], [[nitrobenzene]], [[phosphorus oxychloride]] |
| Solvent = | | Solvent = | ||
| VaporPressure = 20 mmHg (at 20 °C) | | VaporPressure = 20 mmHg (at 20 °C) | ||
| Line 122: | Line 122: | ||
:C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>CH[CrO<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O → C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>CH=O + Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 4 HCl | :C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>CH[CrO<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O → C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>CH=O + Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 4 HCl | ||
| − | It will react with water to yield chromic acid and hydrochloric acid. The reaction is exothermic. | + | It will react with water to yield chromic acid and [[hydrochloric acid]]. The reaction is exothermic. |
:CrO<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O → H<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub> + 2 HCl | :CrO<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O → H<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub> + 2 HCl | ||
Revision as of 21:48, 26 November 2016
| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
Chromium(VI) dichloride dioxide | |
| Systematic IUPAC name
Dichlorodioxochromium | |
| Other names
Chromic oxychloride, chromium chloride oxide, chromium dioxychloride, chromium dichloride dioxide, chromium dioxide dichloride, chromium oxychloride, chlorochromic anhydride
| |
| Identifiers | |
| Jmol-3D images | Image |
| |
| Properties | |
| CrO2Cl2 | |
| Molar mass | 154.9008 g/mol |
| Appearance | Viscous fuming blood-red liquid |
| Odor | Acrid, burning |
| Density | 1.96 g/cm3 (at 20 °C) |
| Melting point | −96.5 °C (−141.7 °F; 176.7 K) |
| Boiling point | 117 °C (243 °F; 390 K) |
| Reacts | |
| Solubility | Reacts with alcohols Soluble in glacial acetic acid, benzene, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, nitrobenzene, phosphorus oxychloride |
| Vapor pressure | 20 mmHg (at 20 °C) |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | Acros |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds
|
Chromic acid |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Chromyl chloride is an inorganic chemical compound, used as an oxidizing agent, mostly in organic chemistry. It is an opaque dark blood-red liquid at standard conditions.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
Chromyl chloride will oxidize toluene to benzaldehyde. This reaction occurs in two steps:
First, a chromium compound is formed from the chromyl chloride and toluene:
- C6H5CH3 + 2 CrO2Cl2 → C6H5CH[CrO2Cl2]2
The complex is hydrolyzed with water to yield benzaldehyde.
- C6H5CH[CrO2Cl2]2 + 2 H2O → C6H5CH=O + Cr2O3 + 4 HCl
It will react with water to yield chromic acid and hydrochloric acid. The reaction is exothermic.
- CrO2Cl2 + 2 H2O → H2CrO4 + 2 HCl
Physical
Chromyl chloride is a deep red viscous liquid, which fumes in air. It reacts with water, alcohols, but soluble in chlorinated carbons and carboxylic acids.
Availability
Chromyl chloride is hard to find and it's best to make it yourself.
Preparation
Chromyl chloride can be made by reacting potassium dichromate with sulfuric acid and sodium chloride:
- K2Cr2O7 + 4 NaCl + 6 H2SO4 → 2 CrO2Cl2 + 2 KHSO4 + 4 NaHSO4 + 3 H2O
A good procedure can be found here.
Chromium trioxide or potassium chromate can also be used instead of potassium dichromate.
Projects
- Make benzaldehyde
- Spontanous ignition of sulfur
Handling
Safety
Chromyl chloride is extremely corrosive and will fume in contact with air. Proper protection must be worn when handling the compound. As it is a Cr(VI) compound, it is also carcinogenic.
Storage
Chromium chloride must be stored in glass containers, away from any moisture or organic compounds. A round bottom flask with a glass stopper can be used. Inspect it periodically to make sure there's no leak and check if the ground joint froze.
Disposal
Adding a supersaturated solution of sodium sulfite or some other reducing agent will neutralize the compound to less toxic Cr(III).
References
Relevant Sciencemadness threads
- Chemical pages without CAS Registry Number
- Articles without EBI source
- Chemical pages without ChemSpiderID
- Chemical pages without DrugBank identifier
- Articles without KEGG source
- Articles without InChI source
- Articles without UNII source
- Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes
- Chembox articles without image
- Chemical compounds
- Inorganic compounds
- Chromium compounds
- Oxohalides
- Oxidizing agents
- Materials that react with water
- Materials unstable in acidic solution
- Materials unstable in basic solution
- Things that can kill you very quickly
- Things that should NOT be messed with except by professionals
- Carcinogenic
