Difference between revisions of "Adduct"
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| − | An '''adduct''' is a chemical compound of different entities, usually molecules, which aggregate without any chemical bonds being broken. The classic example is sodium percarbonate (aka Oxi-Clean), which is a binary adduct of [[hydrogen peroxide]] and [[sodium carbonate]]. It is markedly more soluble than sodium carbonate. It is also way less caustic than hydrogen peroxide of equivalent molarity. | + | An '''adduct''' is a chemical compound of different entities, usually molecules, which aggregate without any chemical bonds being broken. The classic example is [[sodium percarbonate]] (aka Oxi-Clean), which is a binary adduct of [[hydrogen peroxide]] and [[sodium carbonate]]. It is markedly more soluble than sodium carbonate. It is also way less caustic than hydrogen peroxide of equivalent molarity. |
| − | Salts frequently form adducts with water, such as [[copper sulfate]], which keeps a posse of 5 waters in crystalline form. [[ | + | Salts frequently form adducts with water, such as [[copper(II) sulfate]], which keeps a posse of 5 waters in crystalline form. Other salts, such as [[sodium chloride]] however, are not adducts, as their structure is composed of a lattice of sodium and chloride ions. |
| − | Adducts have an important role in organic chemistry. | + | Adducts have an important role in organic chemistry. Many weak [[Lewis acid]]s and [[Lewis base]]s can form adducts. It may well be easier to separate the adducts of two similar compounds than to separate the compound itself. If one of the two or more bases will not form an adduct with an acid that the other will, you have a way to isolate it. |
Adducts are also useful in making organic compounds more soluble in water, thus making them easier to ingest. | Adducts are also useful in making organic compounds more soluble in water, thus making them easier to ingest. | ||
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!Famous binary adducts:|| component|| component|| formula|| notes | !Famous binary adducts:|| component|| component|| formula|| notes | ||
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| − | | [[sodium percarbonate]]|| [[hydrogen peroxide]] || [[sodium carbonate]]|| | + | | [[sodium percarbonate]]|| [[hydrogen peroxide]] || [[sodium carbonate]]|| 2 Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> · 3 H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> || oxi-clean mate! |
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| [[acetone sodium bisulfite]] || [[acetone]] || [[sodium bisulfite]] || NaHSO<sub>3</sub> · (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CO || insoluble in water! | | [[acetone sodium bisulfite]] || [[acetone]] || [[sodium bisulfite]] || NaHSO<sub>3</sub> · (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CO || insoluble in water! | ||
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[[Category:Chemical compounds]] | [[Category:Chemical compounds]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Adducts]] | ||
Revision as of 21:40, 12 June 2016
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An adduct is a chemical compound of different entities, usually molecules, which aggregate without any chemical bonds being broken. The classic example is sodium percarbonate (aka Oxi-Clean), which is a binary adduct of hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate. It is markedly more soluble than sodium carbonate. It is also way less caustic than hydrogen peroxide of equivalent molarity.
Salts frequently form adducts with water, such as copper(II) sulfate, which keeps a posse of 5 waters in crystalline form. Other salts, such as sodium chloride however, are not adducts, as their structure is composed of a lattice of sodium and chloride ions.
Adducts have an important role in organic chemistry. Many weak Lewis acids and Lewis bases can form adducts. It may well be easier to separate the adducts of two similar compounds than to separate the compound itself. If one of the two or more bases will not form an adduct with an acid that the other will, you have a way to isolate it.
Adducts are also useful in making organic compounds more soluble in water, thus making them easier to ingest.
| Famous binary adducts: | component | component | formula | notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sodium percarbonate | hydrogen peroxide | sodium carbonate | 2 Na2CO3 · 3 H2O2 | oxi-clean mate! |
| acetone sodium bisulfite | acetone | sodium bisulfite | NaHSO3 · (CH3)2CO | insoluble in water! |
