Difference between revisions of "Sulfuryl chloride"

Revision as of 16:29, 29 November 2020

Sulfuryl chloride is a water sensitive inorganic compound with the formula SO₂Cl₂. Sulfuryl chloride is sometimes confused with thionyl chloride (SOCl₂), however the properties of the two chemicals are very different, as sulfuryl chloride is a source of chlorine, while thionyl chloride is a source of chloride ions.

Properties

Chemical

Sulfuryl chloride reacts exothermically with water to form hydrogen chloride and sulfuric acid:

2 H₂O + SO₂Cl₂ → 2 HCl + H₂SO₄

It will chlorinate various organic compounds, such as alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics, ethers. It will also chlorinate the metal center from organometallic compounds, when it is in a lower oxidation state.

Physical

Sulfuryl chloride is a colorless to yellowish liquid, with a strong poignant smell reminiscent of burned matches. It readily hydrolyzes in water and reacts with some organic solvents.

Availability

Sulfuryl chloride is sold by various chemical suppliers, but it is extremely difficult for the amateur chemist to acquire it.

Preparation

Sulfuryl chloride can be made by reacting sulfur dioxide and chlorine. The reaction is generally done without a solvent. Activated carbon is used as a catalyst, though UV light can speed up the reaction.

It can also be prepared by reacting disulfur dichloride with sulfur dioxide, at 170 °C. Elemental sulfur is produced as a byproduct.

Projects

• Make chlorobenzene
• Make alkyl chlorides

Handling

Safety

Sulfuryl is extremely corrosive and toxic. It fumes in (moist) air and hydrolyzes in water.

Storage

Sulfuryl chloride should be stored in glass bottles, preferably amber glass, away from any moisture, best in a corrosive chemicals cabinet.

Disposal

Sulfuryl chloride can be neutralized with an alkaline solution. The reaction will release plenty of corrosive fumes, so it's best to do this outside.

References

Relevant Sciencemadness threads

• Decomposition of sulfuryl chloride