Difference between revisions of "Dichlorine heptoxide"

From Sciencemadness Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
(Added units to molar mass value.)
(Clean-up and expansion)
 
Line 5: Line 5:
 
| PIN =
 
| PIN =
 
| SystematicName =
 
| SystematicName =
−
| OtherNames = Chlorine(VII) oxide<br> Perchloric anhydride<br> (Perchloryloxy)chlorane trioxide
+
| OtherNames = Chlorine heptoxide<br>Chlorine(VII) oxide<br>Perchloric anhydride<br>(Perchloryloxy)chlorane trioxide
 
<!-- Images -->
 
<!-- Images -->
 
| ImageFile =  
 
| ImageFile =  
Line 52: Line 52:
 
| BoilingPt_ref =  
 
| BoilingPt_ref =  
 
| BoilingPt_notes =  
 
| BoilingPt_notes =  
−
| Density = 1.9 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
+
| Density = 1.811 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (20 °C)<ref>Rosolovskii, V. Ya.; Zinov'ev, A. A.; Prokhorov, V. A.; Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii; vol. 5; (1960); p. 334 - 335; Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii; vol. 5; (1960); p. 692 - 694</ref>
 
| Formula = Cl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>
 
| Formula = Cl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>
 
| HenryConstant =  
 
| HenryConstant =  
Line 61: Line 61:
 
| MeltingPt_ref =  
 
| MeltingPt_ref =  
 
| MeltingPt_notes =  
 
| MeltingPt_notes =  
 +
| Odor = Odorless
 
| pKa =  
 
| pKa =  
 
| pKb =  
 
| pKb =  
−
| pI =
 
 
| Solubility = Hydrolyzes to form [[perchloric acid]]
 
| Solubility = Hydrolyzes to form [[perchloric acid]]
−
| SolubleOther =  
+
| SolubleOther = Reacts with organic solvents<br>Miscible with [[carbon tetrachloride]]<br>Soluble in [[benzene]], [[phosphoryl chloride]]
 
| Solvent =  
 
| Solvent =  
−
| VaporPressure =  
+
| VaporPressure = 72 mmHg (20 °C)
 
   }}
 
   }}
 
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
 
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
Line 75: Line 75:
 
   }}
 
   }}
 
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
 
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
−
| DeltaGf =  
+
| DeltaGf = 370.4 kJ/mol
 
| DeltaHc =  
 
| DeltaHc =  
−
| DeltaHf =  
+
| DeltaHf = 251 kJ/mol
 
| Entropy =  
 
| Entropy =  
 
| HeatCapacity =  
 
| HeatCapacity =  
Line 88: Line 88:
 
   }}
 
   }}
 
| Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards
 
| Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards
−
| AutoignitionPt =  
+
| AutoignitionPt = Non-flammable
 
| ExploLimits =  
 
| ExploLimits =  
−
| ExternalMSDS =  
+
| ExternalMSDS = None
−
| FlashPt =  
+
| FlashPt = Non-flammable
 
| LD50 =  
 
| LD50 =  
 
| LC50 =  
 
| LC50 =  
Line 105: Line 105:
 
| OtherFunction =  
 
| OtherFunction =  
 
| OtherFunction_label =  
 
| OtherFunction_label =  
−
| OtherCompounds =  
+
| OtherCompounds = [[Chlorine dioxide]]
 
   }}
 
   }}
 
}}
 
}}
−
Dichlorine heptoxide is a clear, oily liquid. It is a strong oxidizing agent.
+
'''Dichlorine heptoxide''' is a chemical compound, a clear, oily liquid. It is a strong oxidizing agent. The compound has the chemical formula '''Cl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>'''.
  
 
==Properties==
 
==Properties==
 
===Chemical===
 
===Chemical===
−
To do
+
Dichlorine heptoxide reacts exothermically with water to yield [[perchloric acid]].
 +
 
 +
Dichlorine heptoxide reacts with primary and secondary [[amine]]s in [[carbon tetrachloride]] solution to yield perchloric amides:
 +
 
 +
:2 RNH<sub>2</sub> + Cl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> → 2 RNHClO<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O
 +
 
 +
:2 R<sub>2</sub>NH + Cl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> → 2 R<sub>2</sub>NClO<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O
 +
 
 +
Unlike other chlorine oxides, dichlorine heptoxide does not attack sulfur, phosphorus, or paper at standard conditions.
  
 
===Physical===
 
===Physical===
−
Dichlorine heptoxide is a clear, oily, very volatile liquid.
+
Dichlorine heptoxide is a clear, oily, very volatile liquid. It reacts with water and organic compounds, but dissolves in halocarbons.
  
 
==Availability==
 
==Availability==
−
Delete this section if not applicable
+
Dichlorine heptoxide is not available due to its hazards, but can be made in situ.
  
 
==Preparation==
 
==Preparation==
 
This preparation is extremely dangerous because of the explosive and very oxidizing nature of Cl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>.
 
This preparation is extremely dangerous because of the explosive and very oxidizing nature of Cl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>.
  
−
Dichlorine heptoxide can be obtained by reacting perchloric acid with phosphorus pentoxide.<br>
+
Dichlorine heptoxide can be obtained by dehydrating [[perchloric acid]] with [[phosphorus pentoxide]].
−
12 HClO<sub>4</sub> + P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub> → 4 H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> + 6 Cl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>
+
  
−
The reaction has to be performed under 0°C, optimally between -70°C to -10°C. The resulting product has to be distilled very carefully under vacuum to obtain pure dichlorine heptoxide.
+
:12 HClO<sub>4</sub> + P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub> → 4 H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> + 6 Cl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>
 +
 
 +
The reaction has to be performed under 0 °C, optimally between -70 °C to -10 °C. The resulting product has to be distilled very carefully under vacuum to safely obtain pure dichlorine heptoxide.
 +
 
 +
Other routes involve oxidizing [[chlorine]] or chlorine oxides with [[ozone]], under UV light.
  
 
==Projects==
 
==Projects==
−
*To do
+
*Make pure perchloric acid
  
 
==Handling==
 
==Handling==
−
 
 
===Safety===
 
===Safety===
−
To do. Dichlorine heptoxide is explosive and a strong oxidizer.
+
Dichlorine heptoxide is explosive and a strong oxidizer, that can be set off in contact with flame or mechanical shock, or in presence of [[iodine]]. It is very corrosive and toxic in contact with skin, mouth or eyes.
 +
 
 
===Storage===
 
===Storage===
 +
Best to use it as quickly as possible.
  
 
===Disposal===
 
===Disposal===
−
To do
+
Dichlorine heptoxide can be safely neutralized by slowly adding it in cold water or ice, followed by neutralization with a base.
 +
 
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
 
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads===
 
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads===
 +
 +
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
 +
[[Category:Inorganic compounds]]
 
[[Category:Chlorine compounds]]
 
[[Category:Chlorine compounds]]
−
[[Category:Chlorine oxides]]
 
 
[[Category:Oxygen compounds]]
 
[[Category:Oxygen compounds]]
 +
[[Category:Oxides]]
 +
[[Category:Oxidizing agents]]
 +
[[Category:Chlorine oxides]]
 
[[Category:Inorganic acid anhydrides]]
 
[[Category:Inorganic acid anhydrides]]
−
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
 
 
[[Category:Volatile chemicals]]
 
[[Category:Volatile chemicals]]
 
[[Category:Things that can kill you very quickly]]
 
[[Category:Things that can kill you very quickly]]
 
[[Category:Things that should NOT be messed with except by professionals]]
 
[[Category:Things that should NOT be messed with except by professionals]]
 +
[[Category:Liquids]]

Latest revision as of 19:55, 28 August 2020

Dichlorine heptoxide
Names
IUPAC name
Dichlorine heptoxide
Other names
Chlorine heptoxide
Chlorine(VII) oxide
Perchloric anhydride
(Perchloryloxy)chlorane trioxide
Identifiers
Jmol-3D images Image
Properties
Cl2O7
Molar mass 182.901 g/mol
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor Odorless
Density 1.811 g/cm3 (20 °C)[1]
Melting point −91.57 °C (−132.83 °F; 181.58 K)
Boiling point 82 °C (180 °F; 355 K)
Hydrolyzes to form perchloric acid
Solubility Reacts with organic solvents
Miscible with carbon tetrachloride
Soluble in benzene, phosphoryl chloride
Vapor pressure 72 mmHg (20 °C)
Thermochemistry
251 kJ/mol
Hazards
Safety data sheet None
Flash point Non-flammable
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Chlorine dioxide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Dichlorine heptoxide is a chemical compound, a clear, oily liquid. It is a strong oxidizing agent. The compound has the chemical formula Cl2O7.

Properties

Chemical

Dichlorine heptoxide reacts exothermically with water to yield perchloric acid.

Dichlorine heptoxide reacts with primary and secondary amines in carbon tetrachloride solution to yield perchloric amides:

2 RNH2 + Cl2O7 → 2 RNHClO3 + H2O
2 R2NH + Cl2O7 → 2 R2NClO3 + H2O

Unlike other chlorine oxides, dichlorine heptoxide does not attack sulfur, phosphorus, or paper at standard conditions.

Physical

Dichlorine heptoxide is a clear, oily, very volatile liquid. It reacts with water and organic compounds, but dissolves in halocarbons.

Availability

Dichlorine heptoxide is not available due to its hazards, but can be made in situ.

Preparation

This preparation is extremely dangerous because of the explosive and very oxidizing nature of Cl2O7.

Dichlorine heptoxide can be obtained by dehydrating perchloric acid with phosphorus pentoxide.

12 HClO4 + P4O10 → 4 H3PO4 + 6 Cl2O7

The reaction has to be performed under 0 °C, optimally between -70 °C to -10 °C. The resulting product has to be distilled very carefully under vacuum to safely obtain pure dichlorine heptoxide.

Other routes involve oxidizing chlorine or chlorine oxides with ozone, under UV light.

Projects

  • Make pure perchloric acid

Handling

Safety

Dichlorine heptoxide is explosive and a strong oxidizer, that can be set off in contact with flame or mechanical shock, or in presence of iodine. It is very corrosive and toxic in contact with skin, mouth or eyes.

Storage

Best to use it as quickly as possible.

Disposal

Dichlorine heptoxide can be safely neutralized by slowly adding it in cold water or ice, followed by neutralization with a base.

References

  1. ↑ Rosolovskii, V. Ya.; Zinov'ev, A. A.; Prokhorov, V. A.; Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii; vol. 5; (1960); p. 334 - 335; Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii; vol. 5; (1960); p. 692 - 694

Relevant Sciencemadness threads

Retrieved from "https://www.sciencemadness.org/smwiki/index.php?title=Dichlorine_heptoxide&oldid=13290"