Difference between revisions of "Cadmium oxide"
From Sciencemadness Wiki
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| PIN = | | PIN = | ||
| SystematicName = | | SystematicName = | ||
| − | | OtherNames = Cadmium | + | | OtherNames = Cadmium fume<br>Cadmium monoxide<br>Cadmium(II) oxide |
<!-- Images --> | <!-- Images --> | ||
| ImageFile = Cadmium oxide.jpg | | ImageFile = Cadmium oxide.jpg | ||
| Line 52: | Line 52: | ||
| BoilingPtC = 1,559 | | BoilingPtC = 1,559 | ||
| BoilingPt_ref = | | BoilingPt_ref = | ||
| − | | BoilingPt_notes = | + | | BoilingPt_notes = (sublimation) |
| − | | Density = 6 | + | | Density = 6.95 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (amorphous), 8.15 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (crystalline) |
| Formula = CdO | | Formula = CdO | ||
| HenryConstant = | | HenryConstant = | ||
| LogP = | | LogP = | ||
| − | | MolarMass = | + | | MolarMass = 128.413 g/mol |
| MeltingPt = | | MeltingPt = | ||
| MeltingPtC = 900-1000 | | MeltingPtC = 900-1000 | ||
| MeltingPt_ref = | | MeltingPt_ref = | ||
| − | | MeltingPt_notes = | + | | MeltingPt_notes = (decomposition of amorphous form) |
| + | | Odor = Odorless | ||
| pKa = | | pKa = | ||
| pKb = | | pKb = | ||
| − | + | | Solubility = 0.48 mg/100 ml | |
| − | | Solubility = | + | | SolubleOther = Reacts with acids<br>Slowly soluble in ammonium salts<br>Insoluble in alkalis, organic solvents |
| − | | SolubleOther = | + | |
| Solvent = | | Solvent = | ||
| VaporPressure = 0.13 kPa (1000 °C)<br>2.62 kPa (1200 °C)<br>61.4 kPa (1500 °C) | | VaporPressure = 0.13 kPa (1000 °C)<br>2.62 kPa (1200 °C)<br>61.4 kPa (1500 °C) | ||
| Line 72: | Line 72: | ||
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure | | Section3 = {{Chembox Structure | ||
| Coordination = | | Coordination = | ||
| − | | CrystalStruct = | + | | CrystalStruct = cubic, cF8 |
| MolShape = | | MolShape = | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry | | Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry | ||
| − | | DeltaGf = | + | | DeltaGf = -229.3 kJ/mol |
| − | | DeltaHc = | + | | DeltaHc = 43.64 J·mol<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup> |
| − | | DeltaHf = | + | | DeltaHf = −258 kJ/mol |
| − | | Entropy = | + | | Entropy = 55 J·mol<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup> |
| HeatCapacity = | | HeatCapacity = | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Line 89: | Line 89: | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards | | Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards | ||
| − | | AutoignitionPt = | + | | AutoignitionPt = Non-flammable |
| − | | ExploLimits = | + | | ExploLimits = Non-flammable |
| − | | ExternalMSDS = | + | | ExternalMSDS = [https://www.docdroid.net/aK71kx9/cadmium-oxide-sa-pdf Sigma-Aldrich] |
| − | | FlashPt = | + | | FlashPt = Non-flammable |
| − | | LD50 = | + | | LD50 = 72 mg/kg (rat, oral)<br>72 mg/kg (mouse, oral) |
| LC50 = | | LC50 = | ||
| − | | MainHazards = | + | | MainHazards = Toxic |
| NFPA-F = | | NFPA-F = | ||
| NFPA-H = | | NFPA-H = | ||
| Line 106: | Line 106: | ||
| OtherFunction = | | OtherFunction = | ||
| OtherFunction_label = | | OtherFunction_label = | ||
| − | | OtherCompounds = | + | | OtherCompounds = [[Zinc oxide]]<br>[[Mercury(II) oxide]] |
}} | }} | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | Cadmium oxide is the extremely toxic oxide of cadmium. | + | '''Cadmium oxide''' ('''CdO''') is the extremely toxic oxide of [[cadmium]]. |
==Properties== | ==Properties== | ||
===Chemical=== | ===Chemical=== | ||
| − | + | CdO is a basic oxide and is thus attacked by aqueous acids to give solutions of [Cd(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>. Upon treatment with strong alkaline solutions, {{chem|[Cd(OH)|4|]|2-}} forms.<ref>https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1139/v65-135</ref> | |
===Physical=== | ===Physical=== | ||
| − | + | Cadmium oxide appears as brown crystals or brown amorphous powder. It is practically insoluble in water as well as organic solvents and readily reacts with acids and bases. | |
==Availability== | ==Availability== | ||
| − | Cadmium oxide can be bought from some chemical suppliers. | + | Cadmium oxide can be bought from some chemical suppliers, though the compound may not available for the private individual in many countries. |
==Preparation== | ==Preparation== | ||
| − | + | Cadmium oxide can be made by oxidizing cadmium metal in air or oxygen. | |
| + | |||
| + | Can also be obtained by calcinating cadmium hydroxide, which can be obtained by precipitating cadmium salts with an equivalent amount of sodium hydroxide. | ||
==Projects== | ==Projects== | ||
| − | + | *Make cadmium salts | |
| + | *Compound collecting | ||
| + | *Make transparent conductive materials | ||
| + | *Cadmium plating | ||
| + | *Pigment | ||
==Handling== | ==Handling== | ||
| − | |||
===Safety=== | ===Safety=== | ||
| − | Cadmium compounds are extremely toxic and carcinogenic. Avoid making dust or aerosols, wear thick gloves, and work in a fume hood. | + | Cadmium compounds are extremely toxic and carcinogenic. Avoid making dust or aerosols when handling the compound, wear thick gloves, and work in a fume hood. |
| + | |||
===Storage=== | ===Storage=== | ||
| − | Store in clearly labeled, closed containers. | + | Store in clearly labeled, closed containers, preferably made of plastic, as the container will not break if dropped on the floor. |
| + | |||
===Disposal=== | ===Disposal=== | ||
Might be accepted by hazardous waste facilities that accept old batteries due to cadmium's past use in batteries. | Might be accepted by hazardous waste facilities that accept old batteries due to cadmium's past use in batteries. | ||
| + | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads=== | ===Relevant Sciencemadness threads=== | ||
| + | *[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=24102 Melting/cleaning cadmium metal] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Chemical compounds]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Inorganic compounds]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Cadmium compounds]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Oxides]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Materials unstable in acidic solution]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Pigments]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Carcinogenic]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:09, 25 August 2020
 Beta form of cadmium oxide
| |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Cadmium oxide
| |
| Other names
Cadmium fume
Cadmium monoxide Cadmium(II) oxide | |
| Identifiers | |
| Jmol-3D images | Image |
| |
| Properties | |
| CdO | |
| Molar mass | 128.413 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless, amourphous solid (alpha form), brown-red crystals (beta form) |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 6.95 g/cm3 (amorphous), 8.15 g/cm3 (crystalline) |
| Melting point | 900–1,000 °C (1,650–1,830 °F; 1,170–1,270 K) (decomposition of amorphous form) |
| Boiling point | 1,559 °C (2,838 °F; 1,832 K) (sublimation) |
| 0.48 mg/100 ml | |
| Solubility | Reacts with acids Slowly soluble in ammonium salts Insoluble in alkalis, organic solvents |
| Vapor pressure | 0.13 kPa (1000 °C) 2.62 kPa (1200 °C) 61.4 kPa (1500 °C) |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar
entropy (S |
55 J·mol-1·K-1 |
| Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
−258 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | Sigma-Aldrich |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
| LD50 (Median dose)
|
72 mg/kg (rat, oral) 72 mg/kg (mouse, oral) |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds
|
Zinc oxide Mercury(II) oxide |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Cadmium oxide (CdO) is the extremely toxic oxide of cadmium.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
CdO is a basic oxide and is thus attacked by aqueous acids to give solutions of [Cd(H2O)6]2+. Upon treatment with strong alkaline solutions, [Cd(OH)
4]2−
forms.[1]
Physical
Cadmium oxide appears as brown crystals or brown amorphous powder. It is practically insoluble in water as well as organic solvents and readily reacts with acids and bases.
Availability
Cadmium oxide can be bought from some chemical suppliers, though the compound may not available for the private individual in many countries.
Preparation
Cadmium oxide can be made by oxidizing cadmium metal in air or oxygen.
Can also be obtained by calcinating cadmium hydroxide, which can be obtained by precipitating cadmium salts with an equivalent amount of sodium hydroxide.
Projects
- Make cadmium salts
- Compound collecting
- Make transparent conductive materials
- Cadmium plating
- Pigment
Handling
Safety
Cadmium compounds are extremely toxic and carcinogenic. Avoid making dust or aerosols when handling the compound, wear thick gloves, and work in a fume hood.
Storage
Store in clearly labeled, closed containers, preferably made of plastic, as the container will not break if dropped on the floor.
Disposal
Might be accepted by hazardous waste facilities that accept old batteries due to cadmium's past use in batteries.
References
Relevant Sciencemadness threads
Categories:
- Chemical pages without CAS Registry Number
- Articles without EBI source
- Chemical pages without ChemSpiderID
- Chemical pages without DrugBank identifier
- Articles without KEGG source
- Articles without InChI source
- Articles without UNII source
- Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes
- Chemical compounds
- Inorganic compounds
- Cadmium compounds
- Oxides
- Materials unstable in acidic solution
- Pigments
- Carcinogenic
