Difference between revisions of "Sulfuryl chloride"
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| pKb = | | pKb = | ||
| Solubility = Reacts | | Solubility = Reacts | ||
| − | | SolubleOther = Reacts with [[alcohol]]s, [[amine]]s, [[ester]]s<br>Miscible with glacial [[acetic acid]], [[benzene]], [[carbon tetrachloride]], [[chloroform]], [[dichloromethane]], [[toluene]]<br>Soluble in [[hydrogen cyanide | + | | SolubleOther = Reacts with [[alcohol]]s, [[amine]]s, [[ester]]s<br>Miscible with glacial [[acetic acid]], [[benzene]], [[carbon tetrachloride]], [[chloroform]], [[dichloromethane]], [[toluene]]<br>Soluble in [[hydrogen cyanide]], liq. [[sulfur dioxide|SO<sub>2</sub>]], [[Tin(IV) chloride|SnCl<sub>4</sub>]]<br>Immiscible with conc. [[sulfuric acid]] |
| Solvent = | | Solvent = | ||
| VaporPressure = 106.5 mmHg (at 20 °C) | | VaporPressure = 106.5 mmHg (at 20 °C) | ||
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[[Category:Materials that react with water]] | [[Category:Materials that react with water]] | ||
[[Category:Materials unstable in basic solution]] | [[Category:Materials unstable in basic solution]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Corrosive chemicals]] | ||
[[Category:Things that can kill you very quickly]] | [[Category:Things that can kill you very quickly]] | ||
[[Category:Things that should NOT be messed with except by professionals]] | [[Category:Things that should NOT be messed with except by professionals]] | ||
[[Category:Choking agents]] | [[Category:Choking agents]] | ||
[[Category:Irritants]] | [[Category:Irritants]] | ||
Revision as of 19:09, 5 May 2019
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Sulfuryl chloride
| |
| Other names
Sulfonyl chloride
Sulfur dichloride dioxide Sulfuric chloride Sulfuroyl dichloride | |
| Properties | |
| SO2Cl2 | |
| Molar mass | 134.9698 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid with a strong pungent odor Yellowish upon standing |
| Odor | Pungent, suffocating |
| Density | 1.67 g/cm3 (at 20 °C) |
| Melting point | −54.1 °C (−65.4 °F; 219.1 K) |
| Boiling point | 69.4 °C (156.9 °F; 342.5 K) |
| Reacts | |
| Solubility | Reacts with alcohols, amines, esters Miscible with glacial acetic acid, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, toluene Soluble in hydrogen cyanide, liq. SO2, SnCl4 Immiscible with conc. sulfuric acid |
| Vapor pressure | 106.5 mmHg (at 20 °C) |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
393 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | ScienceLab |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds
|
Thionyl chloride |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Sulfuryl chloride is a water sensitive inorganic compound with the formula SO2Cl2. Sulfuryl chloride is sometimes confused with thionyl chloride (SOCl2), however the properties of the two chemicals are very different, as sulfuryl chloride is a source of chlorine, while thionyl chloride is a source of chloride ions.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
Sulfuryl chloride reacts exothermically with water to form hydrogen chloride and sulfuric acid:
- 2 H2O + SO2Cl2 → 2 HCl + H2SO4
It will chlorinate various organic compounds, such as alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics, ethers. It will also chlorinate the metal center from organometallic compounds, when it is in a lower oxidation state.
Physical
Sulfuryl chloride is a colorless to yellowish liquid, with a strong poignant smell reminiscent of burned matches. It readily hydrolyzes in water.
Availability
Sulfuryl chloride is sold by various chemical suppliers, but it is extremely difficult for the amateur chemist to acquire it.
Preparation
Sulfuryl chloride can be made by reacting sulfur dioxide and chlorine. The reaction is generally done without a solvent. Activated carbon is used as a catalyst, though UV light can speed up the reaction.
It can also be prepared by reacting disulfur dichloride with sulfur dioxide, at 170 °C. Elemental sulfur is produced as a byproduct.
Projects
- Make chlorobenzene
- Make alkyl chlorides
Handling
Safety
Sulfuryl is extremely corrosive and toxic. It hydrolyzes in water.
Storage
Sulfuryl chloride should be stored in glass bottles, preferably amber glass, away from any moisture, best in a corrosive chemicals cabinet.
Disposal
Sulfuryl chloride can be neutralized with an alkaline solution. The reaction will release plenty of corrosive fumes, so it's best to do this outside.
References
Relevant Sciencemadness threads
- Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes
- Chembox articles without image
- Chemical compounds
- Inorganic compounds
- Chlorine compounds
- Sulfur compounds
- Materials that react with water
- Materials unstable in basic solution
- Corrosive chemicals
- Things that can kill you very quickly
- Things that should NOT be messed with except by professionals
- Choking agents
- Irritants
