Difference between revisions of "Dehydration reaction"
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*Synthesis of [[ester]]s ([[Fisher esterification]]) | *Synthesis of [[ester]]s ([[Fisher esterification]]) | ||
*Preparation of symmetrical or cyclical [[ether]]s | *Preparation of symmetrical or cyclical [[ether]]s | ||
| − | *Conversion of | + | *Conversion of [[alcohol]]s to [[alkene]]s |
*Conversion of [[carboxylic acid]]s to acid anhydrides | *Conversion of [[carboxylic acid]]s to acid anhydrides | ||
*Dehydration of sugars to [[carbon]] | *Dehydration of sugars to [[carbon]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:43, 19 July 2019
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A dehydration reaction (sometimes called Zimmer's hydrogenesis) is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of a water molecule from the reacting molecule.
Contents
General
Dehydration reactions are a subset of condensation reactions. Because the hydroxyl group (–OH) is a poor leaving group, having a Brønsted acid catalyst often helps by protonating the hydroxyl group to give the better leaving group, –OH2+.
Common dehydrating agents used in organic synthesis include concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated phosphoric acid, phosphorus pentoxide, hot aluminium oxide, zinc oxide, ceramic, molecular sieves, organic acid anhydrides, etc.
Important dehydration reactions
- Synthesis of esters (Fisher esterification)
- Preparation of symmetrical or cyclical ethers
- Conversion of alcohols to alkenes
- Conversion of carboxylic acids to acid anhydrides
- Dehydration of sugars to carbon
