Difference between revisions of "Holmium"

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{{Infobox element
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|image name=Holmium.jpg
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|image alt=
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|image name 2=
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|image alt 2=
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|image size 2=
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<!-- General properties -->
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|name=Holmium
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|symbol=Ho
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|pronounce=
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|pronounce ref=
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|pronounce comment=
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|pronounce 2=
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|alt name=
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|alt names=
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|allotropes=
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|appearance=
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<!-- Periodic table -->
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|above=
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|below=
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|left=
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|right=
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|number=
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|atomic mass=
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|atomic mass 2=
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|atomic mass ref=
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|atomic mass comment=
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|series=
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|series comment=
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|series color=
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|group=
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|period=
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|block=
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|block ref=
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|block comment=
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|electron configuration=
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|electron configuration comment=
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|electrons per shell=
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<!-- Physical properties -->
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|physical properties comment=
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|color=
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|phase=
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|phase ref=
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|phase comment=
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|melting point K=
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|melting point C=
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|melting point F=
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|melting point ref=
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|boiling point K=
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|boiling point C=
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|boiling point F=
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|sublimation point K=
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|sublimation point C=
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|sublimation point F=
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|density gplstp=
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|density gpcm3nrt=
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|density gpcm3nrt 2=
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|density gpcm3nrt 3=
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|density gpcm3mp=
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|density gpcm3bp=
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|molar volume=
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|molar volume unit =
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|triple point K=
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|triple point kPa=
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|triple point ref=
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|triple point K 2=
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|triple point kPa 2=
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|critical point K=
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|critical point MPa=
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|critical point ref=
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|critical point comment=
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|heat fusion=
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|heat fusion ref=
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|heat fusion 2=
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|heat vaporization=
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|heat vaporization comment=
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|heat capacity=
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|heat capacity comment=
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|heat capacity 2=
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|vapor pressure 1=
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|vapor pressure 10=
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|vapor pressure 100=
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|vapor pressure 1 k=
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|vapor pressure 1 2=
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|vapor pressure 10 k 2=
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|vapor pressure 100 k 2=
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|vapor pressure 2 ref=
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|vapor pressure 2 comment=
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<!-- Atomic properties -->
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|atomic properties comment=
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|oxidation states=
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|oxidation states ref=
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|oxidation states comment=
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|electronegativity=
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|electronegativity ref=
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|electronegativity comment=
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|ionization energy 1=
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|ionization energy 1 ref=
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|ionization energy 1 comment=
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|ionization energy 2=
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|ionization energy 2 ref=
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|ionization energy 2 comment=
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|ionization energy 3=
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|number of ionization energies=
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|ionization energy ref=
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|ionization energy comment=
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|atomic radius=
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|atomic radius ref=
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|atomic radius comment=
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|atomic radius calculated=
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|atomic radius calculated ref=
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|atomic radius calculated comment=
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|covalent radius=
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|covalent radius ref=
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|covalent radius comment=
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|Van der Waals radius=
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|Van der Waals radius ref=
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|Van der Waals radius comment=
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<!-- Miscellanea -->
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|crystal structure=
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|crystal structure prefix=
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|crystal structure ref=
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|crystal structure comment=
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|crystal structure 2=
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|crystal structure 2 prefix=
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|crystal structure 2 ref=
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|crystal structure 2 comment=
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|speed of sound=
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|speed of sound ref=
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|speed of sound comment=
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|speed of sound rod at 20=
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|speed of sound rod at 20 ref=
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|speed of sound rod at 20 comment=
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|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
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|speed of sound rod at r.t. ref=
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|speed of sound rod at r.t. comment=
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|thermal expansion=
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|thermal expansion ref=
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|thermal expansion comment=
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|thermal expansion at 25=
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|thermal expansion at 25 ref=
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|thermal conductivity=
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|thermal conductivity comment=
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|thermal conductivity 2=
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|thermal diffusivity=
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|thermal diffusivity comment=
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|electrical resistivity=
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|electrical resistivity unit prefix=
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|electrical resistivity ref=
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|electrical resistivity comment=
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|electrical resistivity at 0=
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|electrical resistivity at 0 ref=
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|electrical resistivity at 0 comment=
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|electrical resistivity at 20=
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|electrical resistivity at 20 ref=
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|electrical resistivity at 20 comment=
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|band gap=
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|band gap ref=
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|band gap comment=
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|Curie point K=
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|Curie point ref=
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|Curie point comment=
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|magnetic ordering=
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|magnetic ordering ref=
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|magnetic ordering comment=
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|tensile strength=
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|tensile strength ref=
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|tensile strength comment=
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|Young's modulus=
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|Young's modulus ref=
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|Young's modulus comment=
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|Shear modulus=
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|Shear modulus ref=
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|Shear modulus comment=
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|Bulk modulus=
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|Bulk modulus comment=
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|Poisson ratio=
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|Mohs hardness=
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|Mohs hardness ref=
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|Mohs hardness comment=
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|Mohs hardness 2=
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|Mohs hardness 2 ref=
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|Mohs hardness 2 comment=
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|Vickers hardness=
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|Vickers hardness ref=
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|Vickers hardness comment=
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|Brinell hardness=
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|Brinell hardness ref=
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|Brinell hardness comment=
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|CAS number=
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|CAS number ref=
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|CAS number comment=
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<!-- History -->
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|naming=
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|predicted by=
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|prediction date ref=
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|prediction date=
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|discovered by=
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|first isolation date=
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|discovery and first isolation by=
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|named by=
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|named date=
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|history comment=
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<!-- Isotopes -->
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|isotopes=
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|isotopes comment=
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|engvar=
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}}
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(Introduction)
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==Properties==
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===Chemical===
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===Physical===
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==Availability==
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Delete this section if not applicable
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==Isolation==
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Delete this section if not applicable
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==Projects==
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==Handling==
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===Safety===
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===Storage===
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===Disposal===
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==References==
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<references/>
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===Relevant Sciencemadness threads===
 
'''Holmium''' is a lanthanide with the atomic number 67 and the symbol '''Ho'''. It is a gray metal that is reactive and slightly magnetic at room temperature. Holmium is difficult to find and somewhat expensive, but has some interesting properties regarding its magnetism and narrow absorption bands.
 
'''Holmium''' is a lanthanide with the atomic number 67 and the symbol '''Ho'''. It is a gray metal that is reactive and slightly magnetic at room temperature. Holmium is difficult to find and somewhat expensive, but has some interesting properties regarding its magnetism and narrow absorption bands.
  

Revision as of 10:45, 31 January 2016

Holmium,  Ho
Holmium.jpg
General properties
Name, symbol Holmium, Ho
Holmium in the periodic table

↑
Ho
↓
← Holmium →
Standard atomic weight (Ar)
Group, block , -block
Period period 
Electron configuration
Physical properties
Atomic properties
· references

(Introduction)

Properties

Chemical

Physical

Availability

Delete this section if not applicable

Isolation

Delete this section if not applicable

Projects

Handling

Safety

Storage

Disposal

References

Relevant Sciencemadness threads

Holmium is a lanthanide with the atomic number 67 and the symbol Ho. It is a gray metal that is reactive and slightly magnetic at room temperature. Holmium is difficult to find and somewhat expensive, but has some interesting properties regarding its magnetism and narrow absorption bands.

Properties

Physical properties

As a lanthanide, holmium resembles is neighboring elements strongly. It is paramagnetic, enough to be visibly lifted by a neodymium magnet. Its trivalent salts show dramatic color changes depending on the light source: they appear yellow in natural daylight, but vividly pink under compact fluorescent lighting, and very slightly pink under tube lighting.

Chemical properties

Holmium is a strong reducing agent and will readily react with weak oxidizers. It burns in air with a yellow [1] or green[2]flame to form holmium oxide. (The green color is likely the true color of burning holmium; the yellow color may be black-body radiation from the products.) Holmium is almost exclusively trivalent, and it is extremely difficult to reduce or oxidize holmium salts. It also reacts with the halogens to form colorful halides, which have the same color-changing properties under different light sources.

Holmium carbonate may form a soluble complex, but can be broken by addition of hydrogen peroxide.

Holmium trifluoroacetate and holmium trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate) are relatively recently discovered catalysts for organic reactions. Even though they are Lewis acids, they do not hydrolyze readily and can be used in numerous solvents. Other lanthanide triflates have been investigated for catalytic activity.

Availability

Holmium is more common than iodine on Earth, but it is very hard to find. For a lanthanides, it is cheaper than some other metals. One source for holmium, as well as other rare earth metals, is Metallium. It is sold in 5 gram and 50 gram sizes, as well as rods, ampoules, and coins. Holmium and its compounds are occasionally sold on eBay as well.

Projects

  • Color changing crystals.
  • Magnet polepieces?

Safety

Storage

Bulk holmium metal is stable in air indefinitely. As a powder or fine turnings, it may be extremely flammable, and should be kept away from ignition sources.

Toxicity

Holmium and its compounds have not been thoroughly investigated for toxicity, but no adverse effects have been reported from exposure.

Flammability

Small pieces of holmium metal or powder are flammable. Class D fire extinguishers should be readily available when working with large amounts of holmium near an open flame. Water should never be used to extinguish burning holmium, as it will aggravate the flame.

References

  • flickr.com/photos/37388341@N00/2696039566/in/photostream/
  • flickr.com/photos/37388341@N00/2381429226/

Relevant Sciencemadness threads

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