Difference between revisions of "Metalware"
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| − | '''Metalware''' or '''metal ware''' is | + | '''Metalware''' or '''metal ware''' is a general name used for all lab items or tools made of metal or metallic alloys, that are not used as reagents, but rather as tools or lab equipment. Electronic or complex (read: multiple individual components) mechanical-powered equipment are excluded from this category. |
==General== | ==General== | ||
Metal ware items are commonly made of corrosion resistant metals or alloys, such as [[stainless steel]], [[nickel]], [[titanium]], [[platinum]], [[gold]], [[iridium]], etc. Plain [[steel]] items are also used, but due to its moderate chemical resistance they are more commonly used in areas where corrosion isn't that much of a problem or in consumable products. [[Brass]] and [[copper]] vessels are sometimes used in distilling ethanol from fermented fruits. | Metal ware items are commonly made of corrosion resistant metals or alloys, such as [[stainless steel]], [[nickel]], [[titanium]], [[platinum]], [[gold]], [[iridium]], etc. Plain [[steel]] items are also used, but due to its moderate chemical resistance they are more commonly used in areas where corrosion isn't that much of a problem or in consumable products. [[Brass]] and [[copper]] vessels are sometimes used in distilling ethanol from fermented fruits. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Below there's a list of various metal lab items encountered in the chemistry lab, that are useful for the average amateur chemist. Obviously you will not need them all, but the most important basic and advanced items are necessary when doing any lab work. | ||
==Basic metalware== | ==Basic metalware== | ||
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===Burette rack=== | ===Burette rack=== | ||
| − | Useful for holding multiple burettes in a straight line. | + | Useful for holding multiple burettes in a straight line. Often made of stainless steel. |
| + | |||
| + | ===Cell spreader=== | ||
| + | Used to spread individual microbial cultures across an agar Petri dish. | ||
===Cork borer=== | ===Cork borer=== | ||
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===[[Crucible]]=== | ===[[Crucible]]=== | ||
Metal crucible, made of nickel, titanium are commonly used to calcinate organic compounds and melt materials with relative low melting point. Crucibles made of refractory metals, such as [[tantalum]], [[tungsten]], [[iridium]] are commonly used in single-crystal growth techniques. | Metal crucible, made of nickel, titanium are commonly used to calcinate organic compounds and melt materials with relative low melting point. Crucibles made of refractory metals, such as [[tantalum]], [[tungsten]], [[iridium]] are commonly used in single-crystal growth techniques. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[Crucible tongs]]=== | ||
| + | Scissor-like tools used to grasp hot crucibles, flasks, evaporating dishes, or even small beakers. | ||
===Dipper=== | ===Dipper=== | ||
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Similar to test tube racks, they have an opening which allows you to place the funnel from sideways, similar to open ring supports | Similar to test tube racks, they have an opening which allows you to place the funnel from sideways, similar to open ring supports | ||
| − | ===Hoffman clip=== | + | ===[[Hoffman clip]]=== |
Used to close the flow of liquid through a tube, it is similar in construction to a screw clamp. | Used to close the flow of liquid through a tube, it is similar in construction to a screw clamp. | ||
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===Inoculation needle=== | ===Inoculation needle=== | ||
Commonly used in the field of microbiology to transfer and inoculate living microorganisms, as well as biological cultures. | Commonly used in the field of microbiology to transfer and inoculate living microorganisms, as well as biological cultures. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[Keck clip]]=== | ||
| + | Used to fasten ground glass joints. Come in two forms, a flat metal strip form and a wire form (also called ''wire clip''). | ||
===Kettle clamp=== | ===Kettle clamp=== | ||
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Used for grabbing and holding beakers, flasks and crucibles. The appear like scissors, but its grabbers are rounded or bent for holding said vessels. | Used for grabbing and holding beakers, flasks and crucibles. The appear like scissors, but its grabbers are rounded or bent for holding said vessels. | ||
| − | ===Mohr clip=== | + | ===[[Mohr clip]]=== |
Also known as pinch clamps, they squeeze the tube by default and to release it, you will have to press against the two heads releases the hose, which allows the fluid to flow through the tube. | Also known as pinch clamps, they squeeze the tube by default and to release it, you will have to press against the two heads releases the hose, which allows the fluid to flow through the tube. | ||
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Spherical joint pinch clamp are commonly used in holding the rotary evaporator collecting flask, as well as holding the filtration tube and fritted glass disk from filtration units. | Spherical joint pinch clamp are commonly used in holding the rotary evaporator collecting flask, as well as holding the filtration tube and fritted glass disk from filtration units. | ||
| − | ===Retort stand=== | + | ===[[Retort stand]]=== |
Retort stands consist of a heavy metal base frame and a sole support metal rod placed vertically, most often welded to the base. They are commonly used as stands for holding clamps and bossheads. The heavy base frame can be either a flat piece of metal, an A-shaped frame, H-shaped frame, L-shaped frame, T-shaped frame or a tripod. | Retort stands consist of a heavy metal base frame and a sole support metal rod placed vertically, most often welded to the base. They are commonly used as stands for holding clamps and bossheads. The heavy base frame can be either a flat piece of metal, an A-shaped frame, H-shaped frame, L-shaped frame, T-shaped frame or a tripod. | ||
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Used to cut soft materials. | Used to cut soft materials. | ||
| − | ===Scoopula=== | + | ===[[Scoopula]]=== |
Spatula-like scoop utensil used primarily in chemistry lab settings to transfer solids in lab. | Spatula-like scoop utensil used primarily in chemistry lab settings to transfer solids in lab. | ||
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A type of metal can used for sterilizing medical and biological equipment. Sterilization is done in an autoclave. | A type of metal can used for sterilizing medical and biological equipment. Sterilization is done in an autoclave. | ||
| − | ===Syringe=== | + | ===[[Syringe]]=== |
All-metal syringe are commonly used in medicine and by vets. | All-metal syringe are commonly used in medicine and by vets. | ||
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Used to clean test tubes and other tubular glassware. | Used to clean test tubes and other tubular glassware. | ||
| − | ===Test tube holder=== | + | ===[[Test tube holder]]=== |
Similar in appearance to pinch tweezers, test tube holders are commonly used for holding test tubes when heating them. | Similar in appearance to pinch tweezers, test tube holders are commonly used for holding test tubes when heating them. | ||
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Useful to carry various fragile or heavy objects around. It's advised not to carry corrosive reagents, like acids or halogens with it. | Useful to carry various fragile or heavy objects around. It's advised not to carry corrosive reagents, like acids or halogens with it. | ||
| − | ===Tripod=== | + | ===[[Tripod]]=== |
A three-legged circular or triangular platform, made of carbon steel, stainless steel or aluminium, used to support or hold flasks, beakers or sometimes funnels during experiments. Often is used to hold a wire gauze in order to allow beakers and flasks to be placed on top of it, while a Bunsen or Teclu burner can be placed underneath to heat them up. | A three-legged circular or triangular platform, made of carbon steel, stainless steel or aluminium, used to support or hold flasks, beakers or sometimes funnels during experiments. Often is used to hold a wire gauze in order to allow beakers and flasks to be placed on top of it, while a Bunsen or Teclu burner can be placed underneath to heat them up. | ||
Alcohol burner stands are similar in construction, though they appear more like a miniature chair than a stand and have a heat resistant and fire-proof fabric. | Alcohol burner stands are similar in construction, though they appear more like a miniature chair than a stand and have a heat resistant and fire-proof fabric. | ||
| − | ===Tweezers=== | + | ===[[Tweezers]]=== |
Used to grab small objects. | Used to grab small objects. | ||
| − | ===Wire gauze=== | + | ===[[Wire gauze]]=== |
A wire gauze is a wire mesh-like fabric with a ceramic or [[asbestos]] fabric woven in its middle. | A wire gauze is a wire mesh-like fabric with a ceramic or [[asbestos]] fabric woven in its middle. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Wire basket=== | ||
| + | Come in two main forms, cylindrical and square, are commonly used to hold glassware, most often when drying them in oven. | ||
==Advanced metalware== | ==Advanced metalware== | ||
| − | ===Bosshead=== | + | ===[[Bosshead]]=== |
Also known as clamp holders, they are used to hold various metal rods and extension clamps, like iron rings or other utility clamps. Generally made of stainless steel, brass, aluminium or [[zinc]]. | Also known as clamp holders, they are used to hold various metal rods and extension clamps, like iron rings or other utility clamps. Generally made of stainless steel, brass, aluminium or [[zinc]]. | ||
| − | ===Burette clamp=== | + | ===[[Burette clamp]]=== |
Used for holding burettes. They generally have rubber knobs for holding the burette without scratching it. Often made of aluminium, but cast iron is also used. | Used for holding burettes. They generally have rubber knobs for holding the burette without scratching it. Often made of aluminium, but cast iron is also used. | ||
Fisher burette clamp is a common model, due to it's simple construction and use. | Fisher burette clamp is a common model, due to it's simple construction and use. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[Burner]]=== | ||
| + | Used as flame and heat source. | ||
===Chain clamp=== | ===Chain clamp=== | ||
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Similar to screw clamps and bossheads, they are used to hold utility clamps in a hook like opening, which touches the support rod. | Similar to screw clamps and bossheads, they are used to hold utility clamps in a hook like opening, which touches the support rod. | ||
| − | ===Iron ring=== | + | ===[[Iron ring]]=== |
Iron rings are used for holding funnels or (rarer and not recommended) flasks. Some models have a built-in screw clamp, while others don't have one, but can be inserted in a screw clamp. | Iron rings are used for holding funnels or (rarer and not recommended) flasks. Some models have a built-in screw clamp, while others don't have one, but can be inserted in a screw clamp. | ||
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Used to hold various glassware on the [[shaker]], like Erlenmeyer flasks, separatory funnels, etc. | Used to hold various glassware on the [[shaker]], like Erlenmeyer flasks, separatory funnels, etc. | ||
| − | === | + | ===[[Sieve]]s=== |
Metal sieves, like plain steel or stainless steel sieves are commonly used to sieve powders. | Metal sieves, like plain steel or stainless steel sieves are commonly used to sieve powders. | ||
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A special type of screw clamp, it is commonly used for holding thermometers. | A special type of screw clamp, it is commonly used for holding thermometers. | ||
| − | === | + | ===[[Retort clamp|Utility clamp]]=== |
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Used in labs to hold flasks, more often glass joint flasks. It's composed of 3 parts: 2 or 4-prong adjust, metal rod, and a screwed clamp. Extension clamps lack the screwed clamp, and need a bosshead. Also referred to as | Used in labs to hold flasks, more often glass joint flasks. It's composed of 3 parts: 2 or 4-prong adjust, metal rod, and a screwed clamp. Extension clamps lack the screwed clamp, and need a bosshead. Also referred to as | ||
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More advanced models have a flexible neck, similar to that used in desk lamps, often attached to a metal stand. | More advanced models have a flexible neck, similar to that used in desk lamps, often attached to a metal stand. | ||
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| + | ==Surgical instruments== | ||
| + | {{Main|Surgical instrument}} | ||
| + | While surgical instruments are something more often encountered in a hospital than a chemistry lab, some of them can be really useful. | ||
==Tools== | ==Tools== | ||
| − | + | {{Main|Tool}} | |
| − | + | Tools are important to anyone doing any work. While you may not need to store them in your lab, you should at least have a box or a drawer with basic tools. | |
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==Other== | ==Other== | ||
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===Hose clip=== | ===Hose clip=== | ||
Useful when closing tubing. | Useful when closing tubing. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[Ingot mold]]=== | ||
| + | Used to cast metal ingots. | ||
===Removable tray shelving unit=== | ===Removable tray shelving unit=== | ||
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===Shelving unit=== | ===Shelving unit=== | ||
| − | Useful for storing reagents, bottles, glassware, equipment, etc. | + | Useful for storing reagents, bottles, glassware, equipment, etc. Very useful if your lab space is tight. |
Slotted angle shelving units are commonly encountered. | Slotted angle shelving units are commonly encountered. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Trolley=== | ||
| + | Commonly used to transport or store large or numerous items. Often made of stainless steel. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Trolleys come in the classic double tray model or multi-shelf models. | ||
==Handling and storage== | ==Handling and storage== | ||
Latest revision as of 08:43, 5 May 2019
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This article is a stub. Please help Sciencemadness Wiki by expanding it, adding pictures, and improving existing text.
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Metalware or metal ware is a general name used for all lab items or tools made of metal or metallic alloys, that are not used as reagents, but rather as tools or lab equipment. Electronic or complex (read: multiple individual components) mechanical-powered equipment are excluded from this category.
Contents
- 1 General
- 2 Basic metalware
- 2.1 Aspirator pump
- 2.2 Burette rack
- 2.3 Cell spreader
- 2.4 Cork borer
- 2.5 Crucible
- 2.6 Crucible tongs
- 2.7 Dipper
- 2.8 Forceps
- 2.9 Frame stand
- 2.10 Funnel support
- 2.11 Hoffman clip
- 2.12 Hypodermic needle
- 2.13 Inoculation loop
- 2.14 Inoculation needle
- 2.15 Keck clip
- 2.16 Kettle clamp
- 2.17 Lab tongs
- 2.18 Mohr clip
- 2.19 Mortar and pestle
- 2.20 Pinch clamp
- 2.21 Retort stand
- 2.22 Scalpel
- 2.23 Scoopula
- 2.24 Spatula
- 2.25 Sterilizing can
- 2.26 Syringe
- 2.27 Test tube brush
- 2.28 Test tube holder
- 2.29 Test tube rack
- 2.30 Tray
- 2.31 Tripod
- 2.32 Tweezers
- 2.33 Wire gauze
- 2.34 Wire basket
- 3 Advanced metalware
- 4 Surgical instruments
- 5 Tools
- 6 Other
- 7 Handling and storage
- 8 References
General
Metal ware items are commonly made of corrosion resistant metals or alloys, such as stainless steel, nickel, titanium, platinum, gold, iridium, etc. Plain steel items are also used, but due to its moderate chemical resistance they are more commonly used in areas where corrosion isn't that much of a problem or in consumable products. Brass and copper vessels are sometimes used in distilling ethanol from fermented fruits.
Below there's a list of various metal lab items encountered in the chemistry lab, that are useful for the average amateur chemist. Obviously you will not need them all, but the most important basic and advanced items are necessary when doing any lab work.
Basic metalware
Aspirator pump
Similar to the glass and plastic type, they are used in vacuum filtration. Generally made of stainless steel or brass.
Burette rack
Useful for holding multiple burettes in a straight line. Often made of stainless steel.
Cell spreader
Used to spread individual microbial cultures across an agar Petri dish.
Cork borer
Metal tool for cutting a circular hole in a cork or rubber stopper, to insert glass tubing.
Crucible
Metal crucible, made of nickel, titanium are commonly used to calcinate organic compounds and melt materials with relative low melting point. Crucibles made of refractory metals, such as tantalum, tungsten, iridium are commonly used in single-crystal growth techniques.
Crucible tongs
Scissor-like tools used to grasp hot crucibles, flasks, evaporating dishes, or even small beakers.
Dipper
Useful when retrieving items or wastes from a hot solution. May not be useful for corrosive solutions.
Forceps
Handheld, scissors-like tools used to grab and hold various items. They are commonly made of hardened stainless steel.
Frame stand
Similar in function to retort stands, frame stands are useful when needing many screw clamps for complex installations.
Funnel support
Similar to test tube racks, they have an opening which allows you to place the funnel from sideways, similar to open ring supports
Hoffman clip
Used to close the flow of liquid through a tube, it is similar in construction to a screw clamp.
Hypodermic needle
Come in various sizes, in both diameter and length. While most types of needle have their base made of plastic, all-metal needles also exist. Long or very long needles are commonly used in air-sensitive methods, to transfer air-sensitive or even pyrophoric chemicals from their storage bottles to the reaction flask. Syringe needles are almost always made of stainless steel.
Inoculation loop
A tool consisting of a wire with a loop at one end, used mainly by microbiologists to retrieve an inoculum from a culture of microorganisms. The wire is made of platinum, titanium or nichrome.
Inoculation needle
Commonly used in the field of microbiology to transfer and inoculate living microorganisms, as well as biological cultures.
Keck clip
Used to fasten ground glass joints. Come in two forms, a flat metal strip form and a wire form (also called wire clip).
Kettle clamp
Used for holding glass reaction vessels.
Lab tongs
Used for grabbing and holding beakers, flasks and crucibles. The appear like scissors, but its grabbers are rounded or bent for holding said vessels.
Mohr clip
Also known as pinch clamps, they squeeze the tube by default and to release it, you will have to press against the two heads releases the hose, which allows the fluid to flow through the tube.
Mortar and pestle
Although metal mortar and pestles are uncommon, such items are sometimes used in pharmacies and in kitchen to grind very soft materials. Stainless steel is commonly used as construction metal. Such items are easy to scratch, which makes them unsuitable when grinding anything that has abrasive particles like sand. Full metal mortars are also very heavy.
Pinch clamp
Spherical joint pinch clamp are commonly used in holding the rotary evaporator collecting flask, as well as holding the filtration tube and fritted glass disk from filtration units.
Retort stand
Retort stands consist of a heavy metal base frame and a sole support metal rod placed vertically, most often welded to the base. They are commonly used as stands for holding clamps and bossheads. The heavy base frame can be either a flat piece of metal, an A-shaped frame, H-shaped frame, L-shaped frame, T-shaped frame or a tripod.
Scalpel
Used to cut soft materials.
Scoopula
Spatula-like scoop utensil used primarily in chemistry lab settings to transfer solids in lab.
Spatula
Spatula is a stainless steel spoon-like item, consisting of a rod with one end cup-shaped, while the other end it generally flattened, though some spatulas come with both ends either flat or rounded. They are the most common and important lab metal item, widely used to transfer reagents from one bottle to a weighting scale or in a reaction vessel. Metal spatulas are incompatible with a variety of solid reagents, such as metal halides (wet or hydrated) or iodine, and if used in a flame, they should not be heated to the point of red-hot.
Sterilizing can
A type of metal can used for sterilizing medical and biological equipment. Sterilization is done in an autoclave.
Syringe
All-metal syringe are commonly used in medicine and by vets.
Test tube brush
Used to clean test tubes and other tubular glassware.
Test tube holder
Similar in appearance to pinch tweezers, test tube holders are commonly used for holding test tubes when heating them.
Test tube rack
Test tube racks consist of one or two metal plates where circular holes are cut inside for the test tubes.
Tray
Useful to carry various fragile or heavy objects around. It's advised not to carry corrosive reagents, like acids or halogens with it.
Tripod
A three-legged circular or triangular platform, made of carbon steel, stainless steel or aluminium, used to support or hold flasks, beakers or sometimes funnels during experiments. Often is used to hold a wire gauze in order to allow beakers and flasks to be placed on top of it, while a Bunsen or Teclu burner can be placed underneath to heat them up.
Alcohol burner stands are similar in construction, though they appear more like a miniature chair than a stand and have a heat resistant and fire-proof fabric.
Tweezers
Used to grab small objects.
Wire gauze
A wire gauze is a wire mesh-like fabric with a ceramic or asbestos fabric woven in its middle.
Wire basket
Come in two main forms, cylindrical and square, are commonly used to hold glassware, most often when drying them in oven.
Advanced metalware
Bosshead
Also known as clamp holders, they are used to hold various metal rods and extension clamps, like iron rings or other utility clamps. Generally made of stainless steel, brass, aluminium or zinc.
Burette clamp
Used for holding burettes. They generally have rubber knobs for holding the burette without scratching it. Often made of aluminium, but cast iron is also used.
Fisher burette clamp is a common model, due to it's simple construction and use.
Burner
Used as flame and heat source.
Chain clamp
Used to hold various glassware, especially odd form ones.
Dewar
Used for storing cryogenic fluids.
Electrode
Metal electrodes, made from zinc, copper, iron, nickel, tungsten, lead, titanium, either plated with platinum, rhodium, other noble metal or metal oxide are commonly used in electrochemistry.
Hook connector
Similar to screw clamps and bossheads, they are used to hold utility clamps in a hook like opening, which touches the support rod.
Iron ring
Iron rings are used for holding funnels or (rarer and not recommended) flasks. Some models have a built-in screw clamp, while others don't have one, but can be inserted in a screw clamp.
Some iron rings are open, which allow you to place the funnel on it without dripping potentially corrosive reagent on the metal ring.
Jack
A useful lifting device, which can be used to hold various flasks or installation at a desired height.
Some jacks also come with a support rod.
Lattice clamp
Useful when making a grid stand.
Round support plate
Used for holding heating mantles, Petri dishes or flat bottom flasks at a more elevated position.
Screw clamp
Used to hold various reaction vessels, like the lid of an autoclave. G-type clamps are the most common.
Bossheads are a special type of screw clamps.
Shaker clamp
Used to hold various glassware on the shaker, like Erlenmeyer flasks, separatory funnels, etc.
Sieves
Metal sieves, like plain steel or stainless steel sieves are commonly used to sieve powders.
Thermometer clamp
A special type of screw clamp, it is commonly used for holding thermometers.
Utility clamp
Used in labs to hold flasks, more often glass joint flasks. It's composed of 3 parts: 2 or 4-prong adjust, metal rod, and a screwed clamp. Extension clamps lack the screwed clamp, and need a bosshead. Also referred to as
Double jaw utility clamps are an interesting form of clamp which can be used to attach the said clamp on any large-diameter cylindrical objects, like pipes or bars.
Some utility jaws also come in models where you can adjust the angle of the clamp.
More advanced models have a flexible neck, similar to that used in desk lamps, often attached to a metal stand.
Surgical instruments
While surgical instruments are something more often encountered in a hospital than a chemistry lab, some of them can be really useful.
Tools
Tools are important to anyone doing any work. While you may not need to store them in your lab, you should at least have a box or a drawer with basic tools.
Other
Beakers, flasks and others
Basic glassware items, such as beakers, flasks, dishes, funnels, Büchner funnels, bowls, storage bottles, jugs, are also available in metal form, almost always made of stainless steel, or rarer titanium. They are often used when working with alkali.
Buckets
Metal buckets don't have much use in lab work, but can be filled with water and used to quench hot bodies or hold sand as extinguishing powder.
Hose clip
Useful when closing tubing.
Ingot mold
Used to cast metal ingots.
Removable tray shelving unit
Consists of detachable shelves which can also be used as trays.
Shelf divider
Useful when wanting to sort bottles or other items on a shelf.
Shelving unit
Useful for storing reagents, bottles, glassware, equipment, etc. Very useful if your lab space is tight.
Slotted angle shelving units are commonly encountered.
Trolley
Commonly used to transport or store large or numerous items. Often made of stainless steel.
Trolleys come in the classic double tray model or multi-shelf models.
Handling and storage
Metal items should be kept away from volatile corrosive reagents, as they are susceptible to rusting and corrosion.
They should also be kept in a different place from glassware, plasticware, ceramic and wood items, as there is a risk of damaging the former items if improperly handled. A tool cupboard is a good storage place, as is a tool rack.
When washing them, make sure you do not use acids, so avoid putting them in the acid bath after holding them in a base bath. Aluminium, brass, bronze, copper, steel and zinc items are incompatible with both washing bases, and organic solvents like acetone, alcohol (ethanol, isopropanol) or esters (methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate) should be used instead to clean them.
