Difference between revisions of "Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate"

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| pKb =  
 
| pKb =  
 
| Solubility = 40.4 g/100 mL
 
| Solubility = 40.4 g/100 mL
−
| SolubleOther = Soluble in [[ethanol]]<br>Insoluble in [[acetone]]
+
| SolubleOther = Insoluble in [[acetone]], [[ethanol]]<ref>D. Xu, X. Xiong, L. Yang, Z. Zhang, X. Wang, ''J. Chem. Eng. Data'' '''2016''', 61, 1, 78–82, [https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.5b00224 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.5b00224]</ref>, hydrocarbons
 
| Solvent =  
 
| Solvent =  
 
| Taste = Salty
 
| Taste = Salty
−
| VaporPressure =  
+
| VaporPressure = ~0 mmHg
 
   }}
 
   }}
 
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
 
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
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   }}
 
   }}
 
| Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards
 
| Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards
−
| AutoignitionPt =  
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| AutoignitionPt = Non-flammable
 
| ExploLimits =  
 
| ExploLimits =  
 
| ExternalMSDS = [https://www.fishersci.com/shop/msdsproxy?productName=A685500&productDescription=AMM+PHOSPH+MONO+BSC+HPLC+500G&catNo=A685-500&vendorId=VN00033897&storeId=10652 Fisher Scientific]
 
| ExternalMSDS = [https://www.fishersci.com/shop/msdsproxy?productName=A685500&productDescription=AMM+PHOSPH+MONO+BSC+HPLC+500G&catNo=A685-500&vendorId=VN00033897&storeId=10652 Fisher Scientific]
−
| FlashPt =  
+
| FlashPt = Non-flammable
 
| LD50 = 5750 mg/kg (rat, oral)
 
| LD50 = 5750 mg/kg (rat, oral)
 
| LC50 =  
 
| LC50 =  
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   }}
 
   }}
 
}}
 
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'''Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate''' ('''ADP'''), more commonly known as '''monoammonium phosphate''' ('''MAP'''), is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula NH<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>, mainly used as a fertilizer.
+
'''Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate''' ('''ADP'''), more commonly known as '''monoammonium phosphate''' ('''MAP'''), is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula '''NH<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>''', mainly used as a fertilizer.
  
 
==Properties==
 
==Properties==
 
===Chemical===
 
===Chemical===
−
 
+
MAP will decompose when heated to yield water and [[ammonia]] vapors, leaving behind polyphosphoric acid residue.
  
 
===Physical===
 
===Physical===
Line 120: Line 120:
  
 
==Availability==
 
==Availability==
−
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is sold as fertilizer, and it's fairly pure, though you can increase it's purity via recrystallization.
+
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is sold as fertilizer, and it's fairly pure, though oneu can increase its purity via recrystallization.
  
 
It is also available as the main component of dry powder fire extinguishers.
 
It is also available as the main component of dry powder fire extinguishers.
  
 
==Preparation==
 
==Preparation==
−
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate can be made by reacting [[ammonium bicarbonate]] or [[ammonium carbonate]] with phosphoric acid, with the following molar ratio:
+
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate can be made by reacting [[ammonium bicarbonate]] or [[ammonium carbonate]] with [[phosphoric acid]], in the following molar ratio:
−
:NH<sub>4</sub>HCO<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> → NH<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O + CO<sub>2</sub>
+
 
−
:(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> + 2 H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> → 2 NH<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O + 2 CO<sub>2</sub>
+
: NH<sub>4</sub>HCO<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> → NH<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O + CO<sub>2</sub>
 +
 
 +
: (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> + 2 H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> → 2 NH<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O + 2 CO<sub>2</sub>
  
 
==Projects==
 
==Projects==
 +
*Grow large crystals
 
*Make piezoelectric crystals
 
*Make piezoelectric crystals
 +
*Make ammonia
 +
*Make calcium phosphate
  
 
==Handling==
 
==Handling==
 
===Safety===
 
===Safety===
−
MAP is safe to handle and has little toxicity.
+
MAP is safe to handle and has little toxicity. It is not flammable.
  
 
===Storage===
 
===Storage===
−
MAP should be stored in closed bottles.
+
MAP should be stored in closed bottles, plastic bottles are cheap.
  
 
===Disposal===
 
===Disposal===
−
MAP can be dumped in the ground or poured down the drain.
+
MAP has low toxicity, and can be dumped in the ground as fertilizer or poured down the drain.
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
 
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads===
 
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads===
 +
*[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=66620 Mono Ammonium Phosphate - dissolved in water - what are these different layers?]
 
*[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=16765 Phosphate, hydrogen phosphate or dihydrogen phosphate?]
 
*[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=16765 Phosphate, hydrogen phosphate or dihydrogen phosphate?]
 +
*[https://www.sciencemadness.org/whisper/viewthread.php?tid=64016 Fire extinguisher dust - MAP & AmmSulf - any use when mixed?]
  
 
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
 
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]

Latest revision as of 15:25, 1 October 2024

Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
Monoammonium phosphate MAP sample.jpg
Agricultural MAP sample
Names
IUPAC name
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
Other names
Monoammonium phosphate
MAP
Identifiers
Jmol-3D images Image
Properties
H6NO4P
NH4H2PO4
Molar mass 115.02 g/mol
Appearance Crystalline white solid
Odor Odorless
Density 1.80 g/cm3
Melting point 190 °C (374 °F; 463 K)
Boiling point Decomposes
40.4 g/100 mL
Solubility Insoluble in acetone, ethanol[1], hydrocarbons
Vapor pressure ~0 mmHg
Thermochemistry
−1445.07 kJ/mol
Hazards
Safety data sheet Fisher Scientific
Flash point Non-flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
5750 mg/kg (rat, oral)
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Phosphoric acid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), more commonly known as monoammonium phosphate (MAP), is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula NH4H2PO4, mainly used as a fertilizer.

Properties

Chemical

MAP will decompose when heated to yield water and ammonia vapors, leaving behind polyphosphoric acid residue.

Physical

MAP is a crystalline white solid, soluble in water and alcohol. It has a density of 1.80 g/cm3.

Availability

Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is sold as fertilizer, and it's fairly pure, though oneu can increase its purity via recrystallization.

It is also available as the main component of dry powder fire extinguishers.

Preparation

Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate can be made by reacting ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate with phosphoric acid, in the following molar ratio:

NH4HCO3 + H3PO4 → NH4H2PO4 + H2O + CO2
(NH4)2CO3 + 2 H3PO4 → 2 NH4H2PO4 + 2 H2O + 2 CO2

Projects

  • Grow large crystals
  • Make piezoelectric crystals
  • Make ammonia
  • Make calcium phosphate

Handling

Safety

MAP is safe to handle and has little toxicity. It is not flammable.

Storage

MAP should be stored in closed bottles, plastic bottles are cheap.

Disposal

MAP has low toxicity, and can be dumped in the ground as fertilizer or poured down the drain.

References

  1. ↑ D. Xu, X. Xiong, L. Yang, Z. Zhang, X. Wang, J. Chem. Eng. Data 2016, 61, 1, 78–82, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.5b00224

Relevant Sciencemadness threads

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