Difference between revisions of "Adduct"
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| − | An '''adduct''' is a chemical compound of different entities, usually molecules, which aggregate without any chemical bonds being broken. The classic example is sodium percarbonate (aka Oxi-Clean), which is a binary adduct of [[hydrogen peroxide]] and [[sodium carbonate]]. It is markedly more soluble than sodium carbonate. It is also | + | An '''adduct''' is a chemical compound of different entities, usually molecules, which aggregate without any chemical bonds being broken. The classic example is [[sodium percarbonate]] (aka Oxi-Clean), which is a binary adduct of [[hydrogen peroxide]] and [[sodium carbonate]]. It is markedly more soluble than sodium carbonate. It is also much less caustic than hydrogen peroxide of equivalent molarity. Hydrogen peroxide also forms adducts with many other compounds, like [[urea]]. |
| − | Salts frequently form adducts with water, such as [[copper sulfate]], which | + | Salts frequently form adducts with water, such as [[copper(II) sulfate]], which crystallizes with five moles of water per mole of the salt itself. Other salts, such as [[sodium chloride]] however, are not adducts, as their structure is composed of a lattice of sodium and chloride ions. |
| − | Adducts have an important role in organic chemistry. | + | Adducts have an important role in organic chemistry. Many weak [[Lewis acid]]s and [[Lewis base]]s can form adducts. It may well be easier to separate the adducts of two similar compounds than to separate the compound itself. If one of the two or more bases will not form an adduct with an acid that the other will, you have a way to isolate it. |
Adducts are also useful in making organic compounds more soluble in water, thus making them easier to ingest. | Adducts are also useful in making organic compounds more soluble in water, thus making them easier to ingest. | ||
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!Famous binary adducts:|| component|| component|| formula|| notes | !Famous binary adducts:|| component|| component|| formula|| notes | ||
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| − | | [[sodium percarbonate]]|| [[hydrogen peroxide]] || [[sodium carbonate]]|| | + | | [[sodium percarbonate]]|| [[hydrogen peroxide]] || [[sodium carbonate]]|| 2 Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> · 3 H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> || Oxi-Clean |
|- | |- | ||
| [[acetone sodium bisulfite]] || [[acetone]] || [[sodium bisulfite]] || NaHSO<sub>3</sub> · (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CO || insoluble in water! | | [[acetone sodium bisulfite]] || [[acetone]] || [[sodium bisulfite]] || NaHSO<sub>3</sub> · (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CO || insoluble in water! | ||
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<references/> | <references/> | ||
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads=== | ===Relevant Sciencemadness threads=== | ||
| + | *[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=73704 Bisulfite adduct issues] | ||
| + | *[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=75707 Bisulfite adducts, iodide adducts, solubility (ketones, aldehydes)] | ||
[[Category:Chemical compounds]] | [[Category:Chemical compounds]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Adducts]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Types of chemical]] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:09, 24 November 2018
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An adduct is a chemical compound of different entities, usually molecules, which aggregate without any chemical bonds being broken. The classic example is sodium percarbonate (aka Oxi-Clean), which is a binary adduct of hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate. It is markedly more soluble than sodium carbonate. It is also much less caustic than hydrogen peroxide of equivalent molarity. Hydrogen peroxide also forms adducts with many other compounds, like urea.
Salts frequently form adducts with water, such as copper(II) sulfate, which crystallizes with five moles of water per mole of the salt itself. Other salts, such as sodium chloride however, are not adducts, as their structure is composed of a lattice of sodium and chloride ions.
Adducts have an important role in organic chemistry. Many weak Lewis acids and Lewis bases can form adducts. It may well be easier to separate the adducts of two similar compounds than to separate the compound itself. If one of the two or more bases will not form an adduct with an acid that the other will, you have a way to isolate it.
Adducts are also useful in making organic compounds more soluble in water, thus making them easier to ingest.
| Famous binary adducts: | component | component | formula | notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sodium percarbonate | hydrogen peroxide | sodium carbonate | 2 Na2CO3 · 3 H2O2 | Oxi-Clean |
| acetone sodium bisulfite | acetone | sodium bisulfite | NaHSO3 · (CH3)2CO | insoluble in water! |
