Difference between revisions of "Sodium peroxide"
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| − | ''Sodium peroxide'' is a sodium salt of [[hydrogen peroxide]]. Its formula is Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. | + | {{Chembox |
| + | | Name = Sodium peroxide | ||
| + | | Reference = | ||
| + | | IUPACName = Sodium peroxide | ||
| + | | PIN = | ||
| + | | SystematicName = | ||
| + | | OtherNames = Disodium dioxide<br>Disodium peroxide<br>Flocool<br>Solozone | ||
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| + | <!-- Sections --> | ||
| + | | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | ||
| + | | 3DMet = | ||
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| + | }} | ||
| + | | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | ||
| + | | AtmosphericOHRateConstant = | ||
| + | | Appearance = White-yellow solid | ||
| + | | BoilingPt = | ||
| + | | BoilingPtC = 657 | ||
| + | | BoilingPt_ref = | ||
| + | | BoilingPt_notes = (decomposition) | ||
| + | | Density = 2.805 g/cm<sup>3</sup> | ||
| + | | Formula = Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> | ||
| + | | HenryConstant = | ||
| + | | LogP = | ||
| + | | MolarMass = 77.98 g/mol | ||
| + | | MeltingPt = | ||
| + | | MeltingPtC = 460 | ||
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| + | | MeltingPt_notes = (decomposes) | ||
| + | | Odor = Odorless | ||
| + | | pKa = | ||
| + | | pKb = | ||
| + | | Solubility = Reacts exothermically | ||
| + | | SolubleOther = Reacts with acids, [[alcohol]]s<br>Insoluble in bases | ||
| + | | Solvent = | ||
| + | | VaporPressure = | ||
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| + | | Section3 = {{Chembox Structure | ||
| + | | Coordination = | ||
| + | | CrystalStruct = Hhexagonal | ||
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| + | | Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry | ||
| + | | DeltaGf = -446.9 kJ/mol | ||
| + | | DeltaHc = | ||
| + | | DeltaHf = −515 kJ/mol | ||
| + | | Entropy = 95 J·mol<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup> | ||
| + | | HeatCapacity = 89.37 J·mol<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup> | ||
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| + | | Section5 = {{Chembox Explosive | ||
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| + | | Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards | ||
| + | | AutoignitionPt = Non-flammable | ||
| + | | ExploLimits = Non-explosive | ||
| + | | ExternalMSDS = [https://www.docdroid.net/3KvbIxk/sodium-peroxide-sa.pdf.html Sigma-Aldrich] | ||
| + | | FlashPt = Non-flammable | ||
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| + | | MainHazards = Corrosive | ||
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| + | | Section7 = {{Chembox Related | ||
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| + | | OtherCompounds = [[Sodium oxide]]<br>[[Hydrogen peroxide]] | ||
| + | }} | ||
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| + | '''Sodium peroxide''' is a sodium salt of [[hydrogen peroxide]]. Its formula is '''Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>'''. This compound is somewhat unstable and a strong oxidizer. | ||
== Properties == | == Properties == | ||
| − | |||
=== Physical === | === Physical === | ||
| − | Sodium peroxide exists in two forms: anhydrous and octahydrate Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> | + | Sodium peroxide exists in two main forms: anhydrous and octahydrate (Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>·8H<sub>2</sub>O). Other lesser known hydrates also exist, but they have little importance. |
| − | Anhydrous sodium peroxide is a yellow powder. The octahydrate appears as colorless crystals with a low melting point (30 | + | Anhydrous sodium peroxide is a yellow powder (white if very high-grade: the yellow color is caused by contamination with sodium superoxide). The octahydrate appears as colorless crystals with a low melting point (30 °C). |
=== Chemical === | === Chemical === | ||
| − | Anhydrous sodium peroxide reacts with water. Part of it is hydrolyzed irreversibly into [[oxygen]], [[sodium hydroxide]] and [[water]]. Part is converted into the hydrate, which undergoes reversible hydrolysis and can be crystallized out of the solution by adding [[ethanol]]. The octahydrate is soluble in water without decomposition. | + | Anhydrous sodium peroxide reacts exothermically with water. Part of it is hydrolyzed irreversibly into [[oxygen]], [[sodium hydroxide]] and [[water]]. Part is converted into the hydrate, which undergoes reversible hydrolysis and can be crystallized out of the solution by adding [[ethanol]]. The irreversible reaction with water is actually caused by heat generated by common dissolution of sodium peroxide, and low temperatures suppress it: it is possible to dissolve anhydrous sodium peroxide in ice-cold water without much loss to decomposition. The octahydrate is soluble in water without decomposition. |
It reacts with [[carbon dioxide]] to produce oxygen and [[sodium carbonate]]. | It reacts with [[carbon dioxide]] to produce oxygen and [[sodium carbonate]]. | ||
| − | Attempts to calcine the octahydrate result in its decomposition, the crystals turn into sodium hydroxide. There is no easily available way to turn the octahydrate into the anhydrous salt. | + | Attempts to calcine the octahydrate result in its decomposition, the crystals turn into sodium hydroxide. There is no easily available way to turn the octahydrate into the anhydrous salt, but there were reports that putting it in a desiccator with very concentrated (98%) sulfuric acid for a long time does the trick. |
== Availability == | == Availability == | ||
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== Preparation == | == Preparation == | ||
| − | Anhydrous sodium peroxide is usually prepared by burning sodium metal in air. The octahydrate can be easily prepared by a simple neutralization reaction with hydrogen peroxide (a weak acid) and sodium hydroxide. The crystals can be displaced out of solution with ethanol. | + | Anhydrous sodium peroxide is usually prepared by burning sodium metal in air or in a gentle stream of oxygen. The octahydrate can be easily prepared by a simple neutralization reaction with hydrogen peroxide (a weak acid) and sodium hydroxide. It is recommended to use dilute solutions of hydrogen peroxide, because the side reaction of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> decomposition becomes prevalent in concentrated solutions. The crystals can be displaced out of solution with ethanol. |
| + | |||
| + | ==Projects== | ||
| + | *Make [[sodium ferrate]] | ||
== Handling == | == Handling == | ||
===Safety=== | ===Safety=== | ||
| − | Avoid contact of anhydrous | + | Avoid contact of anhydrous sodium peroxide with organic solvents. This may result in fire or explosions. |
| + | |||
| + | Sodium peroxide will cause burns on contact with bare skin. | ||
| + | |||
===Storage=== | ===Storage=== | ||
| − | Anhydrous sodium peroxide should be kept in a tightly closed jar, to avoid contact with water vapor. The octahydrate should be kept in a cold place. | + | Anhydrous sodium peroxide should be kept in a tightly closed jar, to avoid contact with water vapor. The octahydrate should be kept in a cold place, also in a closed jar. |
| + | |||
===Disposal=== | ===Disposal=== | ||
| − | Any form of sodium peroxide can be neutralized by adding any acid and [[manganese dioxide]]. This reduces the | + | Any form of sodium peroxide can be neutralized by adding any acid and [[manganese dioxide]]. This reduces the compound to a sodium salt of that acid and oxygen. |
| + | |||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | <references/> | ||
| + | ===Relevant Sciencemadness threads=== | ||
| + | *[https://www.sciencemadness.org/whisper/viewthread.php?tid=10 Sodium peroxide 8-hydrate] | ||
| + | *[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=63880 Sodium peroxide from Sodium bicarbonate??] | ||
[[Category:Chemical compounds]] | [[Category:Chemical compounds]] | ||
[[Category:Inorganic compounds]] | [[Category:Inorganic compounds]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Sodium compounds]] | ||
[[Category:Oxidizing agents]] | [[Category:Oxidizing agents]] | ||
[[Category:Peroxides]] | [[Category:Peroxides]] | ||
[[Category:Inorganic peroxides]] | [[Category:Inorganic peroxides]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Materials that react with water]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Materials unstable in acidic solution]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Irritants]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:30, 24 October 2018
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Sodium peroxide
| |
| Other names
Disodium dioxide
Disodium peroxide Flocool Solozone | |
| Properties | |
| Na2O2 | |
| Molar mass | 77.98 g/mol |
| Appearance | White-yellow solid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 2.805 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 460 °C (860 °F; 733 K) (decomposes) |
| Boiling point | 657 °C (1,215 °F; 930 K) (decomposition) |
| Reacts exothermically | |
| Solubility | Reacts with acids, alcohols Insoluble in bases |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar
entropy (S |
95 J·mol−1·K−1 |
| Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
−515 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | Sigma-Aldrich |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds
|
Sodium oxide Hydrogen peroxide |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Sodium peroxide is a sodium salt of hydrogen peroxide. Its formula is Na2O2. This compound is somewhat unstable and a strong oxidizer.
Contents
Properties
Physical
Sodium peroxide exists in two main forms: anhydrous and octahydrate (Na2O2·8H2O). Other lesser known hydrates also exist, but they have little importance.
Anhydrous sodium peroxide is a yellow powder (white if very high-grade: the yellow color is caused by contamination with sodium superoxide). The octahydrate appears as colorless crystals with a low melting point (30 °C).
Chemical
Anhydrous sodium peroxide reacts exothermically with water. Part of it is hydrolyzed irreversibly into oxygen, sodium hydroxide and water. Part is converted into the hydrate, which undergoes reversible hydrolysis and can be crystallized out of the solution by adding ethanol. The irreversible reaction with water is actually caused by heat generated by common dissolution of sodium peroxide, and low temperatures suppress it: it is possible to dissolve anhydrous sodium peroxide in ice-cold water without much loss to decomposition. The octahydrate is soluble in water without decomposition.
It reacts with carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and sodium carbonate.
Attempts to calcine the octahydrate result in its decomposition, the crystals turn into sodium hydroxide. There is no easily available way to turn the octahydrate into the anhydrous salt, but there were reports that putting it in a desiccator with very concentrated (98%) sulfuric acid for a long time does the trick.
Availability
Sodium peroxide, usually anhydrous, is commonly sold by various chemical suppliers.
Preparation
Anhydrous sodium peroxide is usually prepared by burning sodium metal in air or in a gentle stream of oxygen. The octahydrate can be easily prepared by a simple neutralization reaction with hydrogen peroxide (a weak acid) and sodium hydroxide. It is recommended to use dilute solutions of hydrogen peroxide, because the side reaction of H2O2 decomposition becomes prevalent in concentrated solutions. The crystals can be displaced out of solution with ethanol.
Projects
- Make sodium ferrate
Handling
Safety
Avoid contact of anhydrous sodium peroxide with organic solvents. This may result in fire or explosions.
Sodium peroxide will cause burns on contact with bare skin.
Storage
Anhydrous sodium peroxide should be kept in a tightly closed jar, to avoid contact with water vapor. The octahydrate should be kept in a cold place, also in a closed jar.
Disposal
Any form of sodium peroxide can be neutralized by adding any acid and manganese dioxide. This reduces the compound to a sodium salt of that acid and oxygen.
