Difference between revisions of "Distillation apparatus"

Revision as of 08:36, 14 November 2015

Distillation is a process of separating the component substances from a liquid mixture by selective evaporation and condensation. A large variety of equipment is utilized to perform distillations in a laboratory setting.

Types of Distillation

Simple Distillation

Simple distillation is a process in which vapors from the boiling flask are directly fed into the condenser. This process is primarily used to separate mixtures of liquids with significantly different boiling points.

Fractional Distillation

In fractional distillation, the vapors are fed through a fractionating column before entering the condenser. Cycles of vaporization and condensation within the column improves separation and allows liquids of much closer boiling points to be separated.

Vacuum Distillation

A vacuum distillation is any distillation conducted under reduced pressure. Reducing the pressure lowers the boiling points of the liquids in the mixture, allowing high-boiling mixtures to be easier to separate.

Flasks

Flasks are commonly used for both the boiling vessel and receiver. Several types of flasks are listed below:

Erlenmeyer

Round-bottom

Flat-bottom

Pear-shaped

Miscellaneous

Condensers

Condensers are used to convert gaseous vapor into liquid in a process called condensation.

Liebig

Graham

Friedrichs

Columns

Columns are used in fractional distillation to aid in the separation of mixtures of liquids with closer boiling points.

Vigreux

Hempel

Adapters

Various distillation adapters are used to connect together the rest of the apparatus.

Miscellaneous