Difference between revisions of "Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate"
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| pKb = | | pKb = | ||
| Solubility = 40.4 g/100 mL | | Solubility = 40.4 g/100 mL | ||
| − | | SolubleOther = | + | | SolubleOther = Insoluble in [[acetone]], [[ethanol]]<ref>D. Xu, X. Xiong, L. Yang, Z. Zhang, X. Wang, ''J. Chem. Eng. Data'' '''2016''', 61, 1, 78–82, [https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.5b00224 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.5b00224]</ref>, hydrocarbons |
| Solvent = | | Solvent = | ||
| Taste = Salty | | Taste = Salty | ||
| − | | VaporPressure = | + | | VaporPressure = ~0 mmHg |
}} | }} | ||
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure | | Section3 = {{Chembox Structure | ||
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}} | }} | ||
| Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards | | Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards | ||
| − | | AutoignitionPt = | + | | AutoignitionPt = Non-flammable |
| ExploLimits = | | ExploLimits = | ||
| ExternalMSDS = [https://www.fishersci.com/shop/msdsproxy?productName=A685500&productDescription=AMM+PHOSPH+MONO+BSC+HPLC+500G&catNo=A685-500&vendorId=VN00033897&storeId=10652 Fisher Scientific] | | ExternalMSDS = [https://www.fishersci.com/shop/msdsproxy?productName=A685500&productDescription=AMM+PHOSPH+MONO+BSC+HPLC+500G&catNo=A685-500&vendorId=VN00033897&storeId=10652 Fisher Scientific] | ||
| − | | FlashPt = | + | | FlashPt = Non-flammable |
| LD50 = 5750 mg/kg (rat, oral) | | LD50 = 5750 mg/kg (rat, oral) | ||
| LC50 = | | LC50 = | ||
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}} | }} | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | '''Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate''' ('''ADP'''), more commonly known as '''monoammonium phosphate''' ('''MAP'''), is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula NH<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>, mainly used as a fertilizer. | + | '''Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate''' ('''ADP'''), more commonly known as '''monoammonium phosphate''' ('''MAP'''), is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula '''NH<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>''', mainly used as a fertilizer. |
==Properties== | ==Properties== | ||
===Chemical=== | ===Chemical=== | ||
| − | + | MAP will decompose when heated to yield water and [[ammonia]] vapors, leaving behind polyphosphoric acid residue. | |
===Physical=== | ===Physical=== | ||
| Line 120: | Line 120: | ||
==Availability== | ==Availability== | ||
| − | Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is sold as fertilizer, and it's fairly pure, though | + | Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is sold as fertilizer, and it's fairly pure, though oneu can increase its purity via recrystallization. |
It is also available as the main component of dry powder fire extinguishers. | It is also available as the main component of dry powder fire extinguishers. | ||
==Preparation== | ==Preparation== | ||
| − | Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate can be made by reacting [[ammonium bicarbonate]] or [[ammonium carbonate]] with phosphoric acid, | + | Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate can be made by reacting [[ammonium bicarbonate]] or [[ammonium carbonate]] with [[phosphoric acid]], in the following molar ratio: |
| − | :NH<sub>4</sub>HCO<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> → NH<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O + CO<sub>2</sub> | + | |
| − | :(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> + 2 H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> → 2 NH<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O + 2 CO<sub>2</sub> | + | : NH<sub>4</sub>HCO<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> → NH<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O + CO<sub>2</sub> |
| + | |||
| + | : (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> + 2 H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> → 2 NH<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O + 2 CO<sub>2</sub> | ||
==Projects== | ==Projects== | ||
| + | *Grow large crystals | ||
*Make piezoelectric crystals | *Make piezoelectric crystals | ||
| + | *Make ammonia | ||
| + | *Make calcium phosphate | ||
==Handling== | ==Handling== | ||
===Safety=== | ===Safety=== | ||
| − | MAP is safe to handle and has little toxicity. | + | MAP is safe to handle and has little toxicity. It is not flammable. |
===Storage=== | ===Storage=== | ||
| − | MAP should be stored in closed bottles. | + | MAP should be stored in closed bottles, plastic bottles are cheap. |
===Disposal=== | ===Disposal=== | ||
| − | MAP can be dumped in the ground or poured down the drain. | + | MAP has low toxicity, and can be dumped in the ground as fertilizer or poured down the drain. |
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 15:25, 1 October 2024
 Agricultural MAP sample
| |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
| |
| Other names
Monoammonium phosphate
MAP | |
| Identifiers | |
| Jmol-3D images | Image |
| |
| Properties | |
| H6NO4P NH4H2PO4 | |
| Molar mass | 115.02 g/mol |
| Appearance | Crystalline white solid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.80 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 190 °C (374 °F; 463 K) |
| Boiling point | Decomposes |
| 40.4 g/100 mL | |
| Solubility | Insoluble in acetone, ethanol[1], hydrocarbons |
| Vapor pressure | ~0 mmHg |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
−1445.07 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | Fisher Scientific |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
| LD50 (Median dose)
|
5750 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds
|
Phosphoric acid |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), more commonly known as monoammonium phosphate (MAP), is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula NH4H2PO4, mainly used as a fertilizer.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
MAP will decompose when heated to yield water and ammonia vapors, leaving behind polyphosphoric acid residue.
Physical
MAP is a crystalline white solid, soluble in water and alcohol. It has a density of 1.80 g/cm3.
Availability
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is sold as fertilizer, and it's fairly pure, though oneu can increase its purity via recrystallization.
It is also available as the main component of dry powder fire extinguishers.
Preparation
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate can be made by reacting ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate with phosphoric acid, in the following molar ratio:
- NH4HCO3 + H3PO4 → NH4H2PO4 + H2O + CO2
- (NH4)2CO3 + 2 H3PO4 → 2 NH4H2PO4 + 2 H2O + 2 CO2
Projects
- Grow large crystals
- Make piezoelectric crystals
- Make ammonia
- Make calcium phosphate
Handling
Safety
MAP is safe to handle and has little toxicity. It is not flammable.
Storage
MAP should be stored in closed bottles, plastic bottles are cheap.
Disposal
MAP has low toxicity, and can be dumped in the ground as fertilizer or poured down the drain.
References
- ↑ D. Xu, X. Xiong, L. Yang, Z. Zhang, X. Wang, J. Chem. Eng. Data 2016, 61, 1, 78–82, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.5b00224
Relevant Sciencemadness threads
Categories:
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- Articles without EBI source
- Chemical pages without ChemSpiderID
- Chemical pages without DrugBank identifier
- Articles without KEGG source
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- Chemical compounds
- Inorganic compounds
- Ammonium compounds
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