Difference between revisions of "Iron(II,III) oxide"
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| ImageAlt = | | ImageAlt = | ||
| ImageName = | | ImageName = | ||
| − | | ImageCaption = Magnetite sample | + | | ImageCaption = Magnetite sample |
| ImageFile1 = | | ImageFile1 = | ||
| ImageSize1 = | | ImageSize1 = | ||
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| BoilingPt_ref = | | BoilingPt_ref = | ||
| BoilingPt_notes = Decomposes | | BoilingPt_notes = Decomposes | ||
| − | | Density = 5 g/cm<sup>3</sup> | + | | Density = 5.0 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
| Formula = Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub><br>FeO·Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> | | Formula = Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub><br>FeO·Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> | ||
| HenryConstant = | | HenryConstant = | ||
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| MeltingPt_ref = | | MeltingPt_ref = | ||
| MeltingPt_notes = (decomposition) | | MeltingPt_notes = (decomposition) | ||
| + | | Odor = Odorless | ||
| pKa = | | pKa = | ||
| pKb = | | pKb = | ||
| Solubility = Insoluble | | Solubility = Insoluble | ||
| − | | SolubleOther = Reacts with acids<br>Insoluble in organic solvents | + | | SolubleOther = Reacts with acids, halogens<br>Insoluble in organic solvents |
| Solvent = | | Solvent = | ||
| − | | VaporPressure = | + | | VaporPressure = ~0 mmHg |
}} | }} | ||
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure | | Section3 = {{Chembox Structure | ||
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}} | }} | ||
| Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards | | Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards | ||
| − | | AutoignitionPt = | + | | AutoignitionPt = Non-flammable |
| − | | ExploLimits = | + | | ExploLimits = Non-flammable |
| ExternalMSDS = [https://www.docdroid.net/9coiymN/ironiiiii-oxide-sa.pdf.html Sigma-Aldrich] | | ExternalMSDS = [https://www.docdroid.net/9coiymN/ironiiiii-oxide-sa.pdf.html Sigma-Aldrich] | ||
| − | | FlashPt = | + | | FlashPt = Non-flammable |
| LD50 = 5,000 mg/kg (rat, oral) | | LD50 = 5,000 mg/kg (rat, oral) | ||
| LC50 = | | LC50 = | ||
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}} | }} | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | '''Iron(II,III) oxide''', also known as '''ferrous ferric oxide''', '''black iron oxide''', or mineral '''magnetite''' is an iron oxide with the chemical formula '''Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>'''. | + | '''Iron(II,III) oxide''', also known as '''ferrous ferric oxide''', '''black iron oxide''', or mineral '''magnetite''', is an iron oxide with the chemical formula '''Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>'''. |
==Properties== | ==Properties== | ||
===Chemical=== | ===Chemical=== | ||
Magnitite can be calcinated in air to yield [[iron(III) oxide]]: | Magnitite can be calcinated in air to yield [[iron(III) oxide]]: | ||
| − | : | + | |
| + | : 2 Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> + ½ O<sub>2</sub> → 3 Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Iron(II,III) oxide can also be used as source of iron oxide in thermite reactions. | ||
===Physical=== | ===Physical=== | ||
| Line 120: | Line 124: | ||
==Availability== | ==Availability== | ||
Black iron oxide is available as pigment in pottery shops and can be cheaply purchased. | Black iron oxide is available as pigment in pottery shops and can be cheaply purchased. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Purer magnetite can be bought online from chemical suppliers. | ||
| + | |||
| + | It also occurs naturally as the mineral ''magnetite''. | ||
==Preparation== | ==Preparation== | ||
| − | There are several ways to prepare magnetite. One method involves the reduction of [[nitrobenzene]] with iron and water, in the presence of [[iron(II) chloride]], process that reduces the nitrobenzene to [[aniline]]. It can also be done by precipitating iron(II) salts as hydroxides, then carefully oxidizing the resulting iron(II) hydroxide at controlled pH. | + | There are several ways to prepare magnetite. One method involves the reduction of [[nitrobenzene]] with metallic [[iron]] and water, in the presence of [[iron(II) chloride]], process that reduces the nitrobenzene to [[aniline]]. It can also be done by precipitating iron(II) salts as hydroxides, then carefully oxidizing the resulting iron(II) hydroxide at controlled pH. |
Black iron oxide can also be prepared by oxidizing [[iron(II) hydroxide]] with water, in an oxygen-free medium. | Black iron oxide can also be prepared by oxidizing [[iron(II) hydroxide]] with water, in an oxygen-free medium. | ||
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==Projects== | ==Projects== | ||
| − | *Thermite | + | *[[Thermite]] |
*Water-gas shift reaction catalyst | *Water-gas shift reaction catalyst | ||
| + | *[[Mineral collecting]] | ||
==Handling== | ==Handling== | ||
| Line 145: | Line 154: | ||
===Storage=== | ===Storage=== | ||
| − | + | Iron(II,III) oxide should be stored in closed containers, away from acidic vapors. Any clean plastic container can be used. | |
===Disposal=== | ===Disposal=== | ||
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[[Category:Readily available chemicals]] | [[Category:Readily available chemicals]] | ||
[[Category:Pigments]] | [[Category:Pigments]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Essential reagents]] | ||
Latest revision as of 14:34, 18 November 2023
 Magnetite sample
| |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Iron(II) iron(III) oxide
| |
| Other names
Black iron oxide, ferroso ferric oxide, ferrous ferric oxide, iron(II,III) oxide, iron(II) diiron(III) oxide, lodestone, magnetite, rust
| |
| Properties | |
| Fe3O4 FeO·Fe2O3 | |
| Molar mass | 231.533 g/mol |
| Appearance | Black solid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 5.0 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 1,597 °C (2,907 °F; 1,870 K) (decomposition) |
| Boiling point | Decomposes |
| Insoluble | |
| Solubility | Reacts with acids, halogens Insoluble in organic solvents |
| Vapor pressure | ~0 mmHg |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | Sigma-Aldrich |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
| LD50 (Median dose)
|
5,000 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds
|
Iron(III) oxide |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Iron(II,III) oxide, also known as ferrous ferric oxide, black iron oxide, or mineral magnetite, is an iron oxide with the chemical formula Fe3O4.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
Magnitite can be calcinated in air to yield iron(III) oxide:
- 2 Fe3O4 + ½ O2 → 3 Fe2O3
Iron(II,III) oxide can also be used as source of iron oxide in thermite reactions.
Physical
Iron(II,III) oxide is a black compound, insoluble in water, but reacts with acids. It is ferrimagnetic and an electrical conductor.
Availability
Black iron oxide is available as pigment in pottery shops and can be cheaply purchased.
Purer magnetite can be bought online from chemical suppliers.
It also occurs naturally as the mineral magnetite.
Preparation
There are several ways to prepare magnetite. One method involves the reduction of nitrobenzene with metallic iron and water, in the presence of iron(II) chloride, process that reduces the nitrobenzene to aniline. It can also be done by precipitating iron(II) salts as hydroxides, then carefully oxidizing the resulting iron(II) hydroxide at controlled pH.
Black iron oxide can also be prepared by oxidizing iron(II) hydroxide with water, in an oxygen-free medium.
- 3 Fe(OH)2 → Fe3O4 + H2 + 2 H2O
This process is known as Schikorr reaction.
Another method of producing this oxide is burning iron wire in oxygen.
- 3 Fe + 2 O2 → Fe3O4
This reaction may also give other iron oxides.
Projects
- Thermite
- Water-gas shift reaction catalyst
- Mineral collecting
Handling
Safety
Black iron oxide is not particularly toxic, unless large amounts are consumed. Inhalation of finely powdered magnetite may lead to lung conditions.
Storage
Iron(II,III) oxide should be stored in closed containers, away from acidic vapors. Any clean plastic container can be used.
Disposal
As iron(II,III) oxide occurs naturally, it is not harmful to the environment and can be useful as an iron supplement for soil.
