Difference between revisions of "Guanidinium perchlorate"
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| − | '''Guanidinium perchlorate''', also called '''guanidine perchlorate''' is an energetic organic compound, similar to [[guanidinium nitrate]]. It has the chemical formula '''C(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>ClO<sub>4</sub>''', also written as ''' | + | '''Guanidinium perchlorate''', also (incorrectly) called '''guanidine perchlorate''' is an energetic organic compound, similar to [[guanidinium nitrate]]. It has the chemical formula '''C(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>ClO<sub>4</sub>''', also written as '''GdnHClO<sub>4</sub>''' or '''GdmClO<sub>4</sub>'''. |
==Properties== | ==Properties== | ||
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Guanidinium perchlorate decomposes when heated. | Guanidinium perchlorate decomposes when heated. | ||
| − | :CH<sub>6</sub>N<sub>3</sub>ClO<sub>4 ''(s)''</sub> → 3 H<sub>2</sub>O<sub> ''(g)''</sub> + 2 N<sub>2 ''(g)''</sub> + | + | :CH<sub>6</sub>N<sub>3</sub>ClO<sub>4 ''(s)''</sub> → 3 H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>''(g)''</sub> + CO<sub>''(g)''</sub> + 3/2 N<sub>2''(g)''</sub> + ½ Cl<sub>2''(g)''</sub> |
===Physical=== | ===Physical=== | ||
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==Preparation== | ==Preparation== | ||
| − | Can be prepared by adding [[perchloric acid]] to [[guanidine]] freebase or [[guanidinium carbonate]]. | + | Can be prepared by carefully adding [[perchloric acid]] to [[guanidine]] freebase or [[guanidinium carbonate]]. Gently heat the solution on a water heat bath, at around 90 °C to drive off the excess water until you get the solid compound. You can also crash it out of the solution by adding an alcohol. A good tip is to obtain the final product in powdered form, as large crystals are in general more sensitive and less safe to handle. |
==Projects== | ==Projects== | ||
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===Storage=== | ===Storage=== | ||
| − | + | Guanidinium perchlorate should be kept in closed plastic bottles. | |
===Disposal=== | ===Disposal=== | ||
Controlled pyrolysis can be used to destroy this compound. | Controlled pyrolysis can be used to destroy this compound. | ||
| − | A safer method involves reducing the perchlorate with metallic iron powder in anaerobic conditions, under UV light. | + | A safer method involves reducing the perchlorate with metallic [[iron]] powder in anaerobic conditions, under UV light. |
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 20:29, 1 October 2021
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Guanidinium perchlorate
| |
| Other names
Guanidine perchlorate
| |
| Properties | |
| CH6N3ClO4 C(NH2)3ClO4 | |
| Molar mass | 159.529 g/mol |
| Appearance | White solid |
| Melting point | 248 °C (478 °F; 521 K) (decomposes) |
| Boiling point | Decomposes (explodes above 367 °C) |
| 11.5% (0 °C) | |
| Solubility | Soluble in ethanol[1], perchloric acid |
| Solubility in perchloric acid | 36.7% |
| Vapor pressure | ~0 mmHg |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | None |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds
|
Guanidinium carbonate Guanidinium chloride Guanidinium nitrate Guanidinium sulfate |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Guanidinium perchlorate, also (incorrectly) called guanidine perchlorate is an energetic organic compound, similar to guanidinium nitrate. It has the chemical formula C(NH2)3ClO4, also written as GdnHClO4 or GdmClO4.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
Guanidinium perchlorate decomposes when heated.
- CH6N3ClO4 (s) → 3 H2O(g) + CO(g) + 3/2 N2(g) + ½ Cl2(g)
Physical
Guanidinium perchlorate is a white solid, soluble in water.[2]
Explosive
Like guanidinium nitrate, guanidinium perchlorate can explode if heated at high temperatures, above 367 °C. It has a detonation velocity between 6,000-7,150 m/s for a specific gravity between 1.15-1.67.
Availability
Guanidinium perchlorate is not sold by any chemical supplier and has to be made.
Preparation
Can be prepared by carefully adding perchloric acid to guanidine freebase or guanidinium carbonate. Gently heat the solution on a water heat bath, at around 90 °C to drive off the excess water until you get the solid compound. You can also crash it out of the solution by adding an alcohol. A good tip is to obtain the final product in powdered form, as large crystals are in general more sensitive and less safe to handle.
Projects
- Rocket fuel
- Make fireworks
Handling
Safety
Guanidinium perchlorate is flammable and may explode. Perchlorates are harmful to organisms.
Storage
Guanidinium perchlorate should be kept in closed plastic bottles.
Disposal
Controlled pyrolysis can be used to destroy this compound.
A safer method involves reducing the perchlorate with metallic iron powder in anaerobic conditions, under UV light.
References
- ↑ http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/1982/F2/F29827801529#!divAbstract
- ↑ http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/files.php?pid=262458&aid=20665
