Difference between revisions of "Erbium"
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==Projects== | ==Projects== | ||
*Make erbium compounds | *Make erbium compounds | ||
| − | *[[Erbium chloride]] | + | *[[Erbium(III) chloride]] |
*Erbium glass | *Erbium glass | ||
Latest revision as of 21:15, 17 August 2020
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| General properties | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name, symbol | Erbium, Er | ||||
| Appearance | Silvery-white | ||||
| Erbium in the periodic table | |||||
| |||||
| Atomic number | 69 | ||||
| Standard atomic weight (Ar) | 167.259(3) | ||||
| Group, block | , f-block | ||||
| Period | period 6 | ||||
| Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f12 6s2 | ||||
per shell | 2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2 | ||||
| Physical properties | |||||
| Silvery-white | |||||
| Phase | Solid | ||||
| Melting point | 1802 K (1529 °C, 2784 °F) | ||||
| Boiling point | 3141 K (2868 °C, 5194 °F) | ||||
| Density near r.t. | 9.066 g/cm3 | ||||
| when liquid, at | 8.86 g/cm3 | ||||
| Heat of fusion | 19.90 kJ/mol | ||||
| Heat of | 280 kJ/mol | ||||
| Molar heat capacity | 28.12 J/(mol·K) | ||||
| pressure | |||||
| Atomic properties | |||||
| Oxidation states | 3, 2, 1 (a basic oxide) | ||||
| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.24 | ||||
| energies |
1st: 589.3 kJ/mol 2nd: 1150 kJ/mol 3rd: 2194 kJ/mol | ||||
| Atomic radius | empirical: 176 pm | ||||
| Covalent radius | 189±6 pm | ||||
| Miscellanea | |||||
| Crystal structure | Hexagonal close-packed (hcp) | ||||
| Speed of sound thin rod | 2830 m/s (at 20 °C) | ||||
| Thermal expansion | 12.2 µm/(m·K) (poly) | ||||
| Thermal conductivity | 14.5 W/(m·K) | ||||
| Electrical resistivity | 0.86·10-6 Ω·m | ||||
| Magnetic ordering | Paramagnetic | ||||
| Young's modulus | 69.9 GPa | ||||
| Shear modulus | 28.3 GPa | ||||
| Bulk modulus | 44.4 GPa | ||||
| Poisson ratio | 0.237 | ||||
| Vickers hardness | 430–700 MPa | ||||
| Brinell hardness | 600–1070 MPa | ||||
| CAS Registry Number | 7440-52-0 | ||||
| History | |||||
| Naming | After Ytterby (Sweden), where it was mined | ||||
| Discovery | Carl Gustaf Mosander (1842) | ||||
Erbium is a chemical element in the lanthanide series, with symbol Er and atomic number 68.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
Erbium metal tarnishes slowly in air and burns readily to form erbium(III) oxide:
- 4 Er + 3 O2 → 2 Er2O3
Erbium will slowly react with cold water, but the reaction occurs much faster in hot water.
Physical
Erbium is a silvery-white malleable metal. It is stable in air, and does not oxidize as quickly as some other rare-earth metals. Erbium is ferromagnetic below 19 K, antiferromagnetic between 19 and 80 K and paramagnetic above 80 K.
Availability
Erbium can be purchased online. Metallium sells erbium coins.
Preparation
Erbium can be prepared by reducing its oxide or salts with calcium at 1450 °C under argon atmosphere.
- Er2O3 + 3 Ca → 2 Er + 3 CaO
Projects
- Make erbium compounds
- Erbium(III) chloride
- Erbium glass
Handling
Safety
Erbium's toxicity is similar to that of other lanthanides.
Storage
Erbium should be kept in closed bottles, away from moisture and corrosive vapors.
Disposal
Best to try to recycle it.
