Difference between revisions of "Isobutanol"

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'''Isobutanol''', also known as '''2-methylpropan-1-ol''' or '''2-methyl-1-propanol''' is an organic chemical compound, with many uses in industry and chemistry. It is an isomer of [[butanol]] and has the formula CH<sub>3</sub>CH(CH<sub>2</sub>)CH<sub>2</sub>OH.
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{{Chembox
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| Name = Isobutanol
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| Reference =
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| IUPACName = 2-methylpropan-1-ol
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| PIN =
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| SystematicName =
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| OtherNames = 2-methyl-1-propanol<br>2-methylpropyl alcohol<br>isobutyl alcohol<br>IBA<br>isopropylcarbinol
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| ImageFile = Isobutanol sample from wood parquet glue.jpg
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| ImageSize = 280
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| ImageCaption = Isobutanol extracted from OTC parquet glue.
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
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| 3DMet =
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| Abbreviations = IBA
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| SMILES = CC(C)CO
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  }}
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
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| AtmosphericOHRateConstant =
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| Appearance = Colorless viscous liquid
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| BoilingPt =
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| Density = 0.802 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (at 20°C)
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| Formula = C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O
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| HenryConstant =
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| LogP = 0.8
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| MolarMass = 74.122 g/mol
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| MeltingPt =
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| MeltingPtC = −108
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| MeltingPt_ref =
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| MeltingPt_notes =
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| Odor = Sweet, penetrating
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| pKa =
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| pKb =
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| Solubility = 8.7 mL/100 ml
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| SolubleOther = Miscible with [[acetone]], [[chloroform]], [[ethanol]], [[isopropanol]], [[heptane]], [[hexane]], [[methanol]],[[toluene]], [[xylene]]
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| Solvent =
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| VaporPressure = 9 mmHg (at 20 °C)
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| CrystalStruct = Rhombic
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| Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards
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| AutoignitionPt = 415 °C
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| ExploLimits = 1.7–10.6%
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| ExternalMSDS = [http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927116 ScienceLab]
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| FlashPt = 28 °C
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| LD50 = 3.350 mg/kg (rat, oral)<br>2.460 mg/kg (rabbit, dermal)<br>720 mg/kg (rat, IP)
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| MainHazards = Irritant
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| OtherCompounds = [[Butanol]]<br>[[sec-Butanol]]<br>[[tert-Butanol]]
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  }}
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}}
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'''Isobutanol''', also known as '''2-methylpropan-1-ol''' or '''2-methyl-1-propanol''' is an organic chemical compound, with many uses in industry and chemistry. It is an isomer of [[butanol]] and has the formula '''(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(CH)CH<sub>2</sub>OH'''.
  
 
==Properties==
 
==Properties==
 
===Chemical===
 
===Chemical===
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Isobutanol will burn in open air, but due to its high flash point of 28 °C it will only ignite if heated prior.
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Isobutanol will burn in open air, but due to its high flash point of 28 °C, it will only ignite at standard conditions if heated prior.
  
 
===Physical===
 
===Physical===
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Isobutanol is a colorless viscous liquid, with a strong characteristic odor. It is poorly soluble in water (8.7 mL/100 mL), but miscible with many organic solvents such as acetone or ethanol. It has a boiling point of 107.89 °C and a melting point of −108 °C.
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Isobutanol is a colorless viscous liquid, with a strong characteristic odor. It is poorly soluble in water (8.7 mL/100 mL), but miscible with many organic solvents such as [[acetone]] or [[ethanol]]. It has a boiling point of 107.89 °C and a melting point of −108 °C.
  
 
==Availability==
 
==Availability==
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Isobutanol is available at hardware stores as wood paint drying accelerator or as parquet adhesive. Some products may also contain HCl, which require neutralization.
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Isobutanol is available at hardware stores as wood paint drying accelerator (acid-curing parquet lacquer/varnish) or as parquet adhesive. The former generally contains [[hydrochloric acid|HCl]], which require neutralization, while the latter does not, but both may have various additives in their composition, so distillation is required to obtain a pure compound.
  
 
==Preparation==
 
==Preparation==
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Isobutanol is much cheaper to buy that synthesize.
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Isobutanol can be prepared by hydrolyzing isobutyl chloride with NaOH, followed by neutralization of base with an excess of sodium bicarbonate, followed by separation, drying with MgSO<sub>4</sub> and lastly distillation.
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Isobutanol however is much cheaper to buy that synthesize.
  
 
==Projects==
 
==Projects==
 
*Make [[isobutyl acetate]]
 
*Make [[isobutyl acetate]]
 
*Make p-xylene<ref>http://www.google.com/patents/US20110087000</ref>
 
*Make p-xylene<ref>http://www.google.com/patents/US20110087000</ref>
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*Car fuel
  
 
==Handling==
 
==Handling==
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===Disposal===
 
===Disposal===
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Isobutanol can be safely burned.
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Isobutanol can be safely burned, though due to its high flash point, it should be mixed with a more flammable solvent and then burned. Do this outside.
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
 
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads===
 
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads===
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*[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=152919 Separation of toluene and isobutanol]
  
 
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
 
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
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[[Category:Primary alcohols]]
 
[[Category:Primary alcohols]]
 
[[Category:Solvents]]
 
[[Category:Solvents]]
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[[Category:Polar solvents]]
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[[Category:Protic solvents]]
 
[[Category:Readily available chemicals]]
 
[[Category:Readily available chemicals]]
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[[Category:Liquids]]

Latest revision as of 14:42, 19 April 2020

Isobutanol
Isobutanol sample from wood parquet glue.jpg
Isobutanol extracted from OTC parquet glue.
Names
IUPAC name
2-methylpropan-1-ol
Other names
2-methyl-1-propanol
2-methylpropyl alcohol
isobutyl alcohol
IBA
isopropylcarbinol
Identifiers
Jmol-3D images Image
Properties
C4H10O
Molar mass 74.122 g/mol
Appearance Colorless viscous liquid
Odor Sweet, penetrating
Density 0.802 g/cm3 (at 20°C)
Melting point −108 °C (−162 °F; 165 K)
8.7 mL/100 ml
Solubility Miscible with acetone, chloroform, ethanol, isopropanol, heptane, hexane, methanol,toluene, xylene
Vapor pressure 9 mmHg (at 20 °C)
Hazards
Safety data sheet ScienceLab
Flash point 28 °C
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
3.350 mg/kg (rat, oral)
2.460 mg/kg (rabbit, dermal)
720 mg/kg (rat, IP)
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Butanol
sec-Butanol
tert-Butanol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Isobutanol, also known as 2-methylpropan-1-ol or 2-methyl-1-propanol is an organic chemical compound, with many uses in industry and chemistry. It is an isomer of butanol and has the formula (CH3)2(CH)CH2OH.

Properties

Chemical

Isobutanol will burn in open air, but due to its high flash point of 28 °C, it will only ignite at standard conditions if heated prior.

Physical

Isobutanol is a colorless viscous liquid, with a strong characteristic odor. It is poorly soluble in water (8.7 mL/100 mL), but miscible with many organic solvents such as acetone or ethanol. It has a boiling point of 107.89 °C and a melting point of −108 °C.

Availability

Isobutanol is available at hardware stores as wood paint drying accelerator (acid-curing parquet lacquer/varnish) or as parquet adhesive. The former generally contains HCl, which require neutralization, while the latter does not, but both may have various additives in their composition, so distillation is required to obtain a pure compound.

Preparation

Isobutanol can be prepared by hydrolyzing isobutyl chloride with NaOH, followed by neutralization of base with an excess of sodium bicarbonate, followed by separation, drying with MgSO4 and lastly distillation.

Isobutanol however is much cheaper to buy that synthesize.

Projects

Handling

Safety

Isobutanol is the least toxic isomer of butanol. Its strong odor however may cause nausea or dizziness.

Storage

Should be stored in closed bottles away from any heat source.

Disposal

Isobutanol can be safely burned, though due to its high flash point, it should be mixed with a more flammable solvent and then burned. Do this outside.

References

  1. ↑ http://www.google.com/patents/US20110087000

Relevant Sciencemadness threads

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