Difference between revisions of "Manganese heptoxide"

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[[File:Manganese_heptoxide-1-.jpg|thumb|Freshly prepared manganese heptoxide. Photo by woelen.]]
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'''Manganese heptoxide''', also known as permanganic anhydride, is a dark green, extremely oxidizing [[manganese]] compound with the formula Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>. It will set nearly any organic material on fire, and may explode on contact with metals. It tends to decompose to form [[manganese dioxide]], [[oxygen]] and [[ozone]]. In hot environments, this may also occur explosively. This compound is not recommended for production and use ''except by chemists with adequate experience in handling such compounds''.
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| Name = Manganese heptoxide
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| Reference =
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| IUPACName = Manganese(VII) oxide
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| PIN =
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| SystematicName =
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| OtherNames = Dimanganese heptoxide<br>Manganic oxide<br>Permanganic oxide
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| ImageFile = Manganese heptoxide by woelen.jpg
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| ImageCaption = Freshly prepared manganese heptoxide. Photo by woelen.
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
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| AtmosphericOHRateConstant =
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| Appearance = Dark red oil<br>Green if in contact with [[sulfuric acid]]
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| BoilingPt_notes = Detonates above 55 °C
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| Density = 2.396 (20 °C)<br>2.79 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (-30 °C)
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| Formula = Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>
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| MolarMass = 221.87 g/mol
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| MeltingPtC = 5.9
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| Odor = Odorless (may release ozone during preparation)
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| Solubility = Hydrolyzes to [[permanganic acid]]
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| SolubleOther = Reacts with most organic solvents<br>Immiscible with [[carbon tetrachloride|carbon tet]], [[nitromethane]]
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| Coordination = Bitetrahedral
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| DeltaHf = 739.2 kJ/mol
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| MainHazards = Dangerously powerful oxidizer<br>Explosive
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| OtherCompounds = [[Manganese dioxide]]
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'''Manganese heptoxide''', also known as permanganic anhydride, is a dark green, extremely oxidizing [[manganese]] compound with the formula '''Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>'''. It will set nearly any organic material on fire, and may explode on contact with metals. It tends to decompose to form [[manganese dioxide]], [[oxygen]] and [[ozone]]. In hot environments, this may also occur explosively. This compound is not recommended for production and use ''except by chemists with adequate experience in handling such compounds''.
  
 
==Properties==
 
==Properties==
 
===Chemical===
 
===Chemical===
 
Manganese heptoxide is an energetic material and will ignite nearly anything it contacts, including [[ethanol]], acetone, cotton, polystyrene, [[aluminium]] and bread ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zX8MTRP5Cxw albeit with great difficulty]). It will explode, even without a fuel, on warming to 95 °C. It produces ozone when it decomposes and this can ignite a piece of paper impregnated with alcohol.
 
Manganese heptoxide is an energetic material and will ignite nearly anything it contacts, including [[ethanol]], acetone, cotton, polystyrene, [[aluminium]] and bread ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zX8MTRP5Cxw albeit with great difficulty]). It will explode, even without a fuel, on warming to 95 °C. It produces ozone when it decomposes and this can ignite a piece of paper impregnated with alcohol.
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Manganese heptoxide does not ignite [[nitromethane]].
  
 
===Physical===
 
===Physical===
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The pure compound is a brown liquid with melting point 5.9 °C. It forms violet vapours if warmed to 40-50 °C and explodes at higher temperatures. Solutions in [[sulfuric acid]] are dark green, and this is the most commonly prepared form.
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The pure compound is a brown liquid with melting point 5.9 °C. It forms violet vapors if warmed to 40-50 °C and explodes at higher temperatures. Solutions in [[sulfuric acid]] are dark green, and this is the most commonly prepared form.
  
 
==Production==
 
==Production==
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Impure manganese heptoxide can be prepared by the addition of concentrated sulfuric acid to solid potassium permanganate. The resulting green liquid is manganese heptoxide dissolved in sulfuric acid, with potassium bisulfate impurities. Always have a bucket with water or sand nearby when doing this reaction.  This should only be performed by those with adequate experience and should only be performed on a sub-gram scale.
 
Impure manganese heptoxide can be prepared by the addition of concentrated sulfuric acid to solid potassium permanganate. The resulting green liquid is manganese heptoxide dissolved in sulfuric acid, with potassium bisulfate impurities. Always have a bucket with water or sand nearby when doing this reaction.  This should only be performed by those with adequate experience and should only be performed on a sub-gram scale.
  
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When a lower concentration of sulfuric acid, such as 80%, is used, the green liquid does not form. The heptoxide, however, forms in a lower concentration and quickly decomposes, liberating oxygen and ozone. This reaction, if done carefully, can be used as a method to synthesize ozone.
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When a lower concentration of sulfuric acid, such as 80%, is used, the green liquid does not form. Instead you get a concentrated solution of [[permanganic acid]], which quickly decomposes, liberating oxygen and [[ozone]]. This reaction, if done carefully, can be used as a method to synthesize ozone.
  
 
==Projects==
 
==Projects==

Latest revision as of 16:33, 12 May 2019

Manganese heptoxide
Manganese heptoxide by woelen.jpg
Freshly prepared manganese heptoxide. Photo by woelen.
Names
IUPAC name
Manganese(VII) oxide
Other names
Dimanganese heptoxide
Manganic oxide
Permanganic oxide
Properties
Mn2O7
Molar mass 221.87 g/mol
Appearance Dark red oil
Green if in contact with sulfuric acid
Odor Odorless (may release ozone during preparation)
Density 2.396 (20 °C)
2.79 g/cm3 (-30 °C)
Melting point 5.9 °C (42.6 °F; 279.0 K)
Boiling point Detonates above 55 °C
Hydrolyzes to permanganic acid
Solubility Reacts with most organic solvents
Immiscible with carbon tet, nitromethane
Thermochemistry
739.2 kJ/mol
Hazards
Safety data sheet None
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Manganese dioxide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Manganese heptoxide, also known as permanganic anhydride, is a dark green, extremely oxidizing manganese compound with the formula Mn2O7. It will set nearly any organic material on fire, and may explode on contact with metals. It tends to decompose to form manganese dioxide, oxygen and ozone. In hot environments, this may also occur explosively. This compound is not recommended for production and use except by chemists with adequate experience in handling such compounds.

Properties

Chemical

Manganese heptoxide is an energetic material and will ignite nearly anything it contacts, including ethanol, acetone, cotton, polystyrene, aluminium and bread (albeit with great difficulty). It will explode, even without a fuel, on warming to 95 °C. It produces ozone when it decomposes and this can ignite a piece of paper impregnated with alcohol.

Manganese heptoxide does not ignite nitromethane.

Physical

The pure compound is a brown liquid with melting point 5.9 °C. It forms violet vapors if warmed to 40-50 °C and explodes at higher temperatures. Solutions in sulfuric acid are dark green, and this is the most commonly prepared form.

Production

Impure manganese heptoxide can be prepared by the addition of concentrated sulfuric acid to solid potassium permanganate. The resulting green liquid is manganese heptoxide dissolved in sulfuric acid, with potassium bisulfate impurities. Always have a bucket with water or sand nearby when doing this reaction. This should only be performed by those with adequate experience and should only be performed on a sub-gram scale.

When a lower concentration of sulfuric acid, such as 80%, is used, the green liquid does not form. Instead you get a concentrated solution of permanganic acid, which quickly decomposes, liberating oxygen and ozone. This reaction, if done carefully, can be used as a method to synthesize ozone.

Projects

Handling

Safety

Manganese heptoxide sets nearly all reducing agents on fire. It's an oxidizer, so a manganese heptoxide fire cannot be deprived of oxygen to stop it. It is also known to be able to explode on its own, so large quantities should never be prepared. The decomposition of manganese heptoxide produces copious amounts of ozone.

Storage

Manganese heptoxide cannot be stored safely. It will slowly decompose and may explode spontaneously.

Destruction

Manganese heptoxide can be destroyed by quenching in water, preferably adding a solution of sodium hydroxide afterwards. The water will convert the manganese heptoxide to permanganic acid, which is far less dangerous, and the sodium hydroxide will neutralize any remaining sulfuric acid.

References

Relevant Sciencemadness threads

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