Difference between revisions of "Propane"
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| − | '''Propane''' is an organic chemical compound, normally a gas at standard conditions, but compressible to a transportable liquid. It has the chemical formula C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>. | + | {{Chembox |
| + | | Name = Propane | ||
| + | | Reference = | ||
| + | | IUPACName = Propane | ||
| + | | PIN = | ||
| + | | SystematicName = | ||
| + | | OtherNames = Dimethylmethane<br>n-Propane<br>Propan<br>Propyl hydride<br>Propyldihydride | ||
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| + | <!-- Sections --> | ||
| + | | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | ||
| + | | 3DMet = | ||
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| + | }} | ||
| + | | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | ||
| + | | AtmosphericOHRateConstant = | ||
| + | | Appearance = Colorless gas | ||
| + | | BoilingPt = | ||
| + | | BoilingPtC = −42.25 | ||
| + | | BoilingPt_ref = | ||
| + | | BoilingPt_notes = | ||
| + | | Density = 2.0098 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (at 0 °C, 101.3 kPa) | ||
| + | | Formula = C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub> | ||
| + | | HenryConstant = 15 nmol·Pa<sup>−1</sup>·kg<sup>−1</sup> | ||
| + | | LogP = 2.236 | ||
| + | | MolarMass = 44.10 g/mol | ||
| + | | MeltingPt = | ||
| + | | MeltingPtC = −187.7 | ||
| + | | MeltingPt_ref = | ||
| + | | MeltingPt_notes = | ||
| + | | Odor = Odorless | ||
| + | | pKa = | ||
| + | | pKb = | ||
| + | | Solubility = 0.47 g/100 ml (at 0 °C) | ||
| + | | SolubleOther = Soluble in [[benzene]], [[chloroform]], [[diethyl ether]], [[ethanol]], turpentine<br>Slightly soluble in [[acetone]] | ||
| + | | Solvent = | ||
| + | | VaporPressure = 853.16 kPa (at 21.1 °C) | ||
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| + | | Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry | ||
| + | | DeltaGf = | ||
| + | | DeltaHc = −2,219.7 – −2,218.7 kJ/mol | ||
| + | | DeltaHf = −105.2 – −104.2 kJ/mol | ||
| + | | Entropy = | ||
| + | | HeatCapacity = 73.60 J·K<sup>−1</sup>·mol<sup>−1</sup> | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | | Section5 = {{Chembox Explosive | ||
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| + | | Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards | ||
| + | | AutoignitionPt = 470 °C (878 °F; 743 K) | ||
| + | | ExploLimits = 2.37–9.5% | ||
| + | | ExternalMSDS = [https://www.docdroid.net/WRPfbXn/propane-sa.pdf.html Sigma-Aldrich] | ||
| + | | FlashPt = −104 °C (−155 °F; 169 K) | ||
| + | | LD50 = | ||
| + | | LC50 = | ||
| + | | MainHazards = Flammable | ||
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| + | | Section7 = {{Chembox Related | ||
| + | | OtherAnions = | ||
| + | | OtherCations = | ||
| + | | OtherFunction = | ||
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| + | | OtherCompounds = [[Ethane]]<br>[[Butane]] | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | '''Propane''' is an organic chemical compound, normally a gas at standard conditions, but compressible to a transportable liquid. It has the chemical formula '''C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>'''. | ||
==Properties== | ==Properties== | ||
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==Availability== | ==Availability== | ||
| − | Propane is available in LPG tanks, usually mixed with other alkanes or alkenes and thiols. This combination is generally used for gas grills. | + | Propane is available in LPG tanks, usually mixed with other alkanes or alkenes and thiols. This combination is generally used for gas grills. If pure propane is desired, you can buy it from gas companies, if they're willing to sell it to individuals. |
==Preparation== | ==Preparation== | ||
| − | Propane can be prepared | + | Propane can be prepared through the decarboxylation of sodium butyrate with [[sodium hydroxide]]. |
| − | Reduction of [[ | + | Reduction of [[propanol|n-propanol]] or [[isopropanol]] will also yield propane gas. |
==Projects== | ==Projects== | ||
| + | *Heating fuel | ||
*Make [[propene]] | *Make [[propene]] | ||
*Make nitromethane | *Make nitromethane | ||
| − | * | + | *Make halopropanes |
==Handling== | ==Handling== | ||
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[[Category:Alkanes]] | [[Category:Alkanes]] | ||
[[Category:Gases]] | [[Category:Gases]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Readily available chemicals]] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:50, 24 February 2019
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Propane
| |
| Other names
Dimethylmethane
n-Propane Propan Propyl hydride Propyldihydride | |
| Properties | |
| C3H8 | |
| Molar mass | 44.10 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless gas |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 2.0098 g/cm3 (at 0 °C, 101.3 kPa) |
| Melting point | −187.7 °C (−305.9 °F; 85.5 K) |
| Boiling point | −42.25 °C (−44.05 °F; 230.90 K) |
| 0.47 g/100 ml (at 0 °C) | |
| Solubility | Soluble in benzene, chloroform, diethyl ether, ethanol, turpentine Slightly soluble in acetone |
| Vapor pressure | 853.16 kPa (at 21.1 °C) |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
−105.2 – −104.2 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | Sigma-Aldrich |
| Flash point | −104 °C (−155 °F; 169 K) |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds
|
Ethane Butane |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Propane is an organic chemical compound, normally a gas at standard conditions, but compressible to a transportable liquid. It has the chemical formula C3H8.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
In the presence of excess oxygen, propane burns to form water and carbon dioxide, releasing large amounts of heat.
- C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O + heat
Physical
Propane is a colorless, odorless gas at standard conditions. It boils at around −42°C and freezes at −187.7 °C.
Availability
Propane is available in LPG tanks, usually mixed with other alkanes or alkenes and thiols. This combination is generally used for gas grills. If pure propane is desired, you can buy it from gas companies, if they're willing to sell it to individuals.
Preparation
Propane can be prepared through the decarboxylation of sodium butyrate with sodium hydroxide.
Reduction of n-propanol or isopropanol will also yield propane gas.
Projects
- Heating fuel
- Make propene
- Make nitromethane
- Make halopropanes
Handling
Safety
Propane is nontoxic, but may pose asphyxiation risk through oxygen deprivation if inhaled. When compressed propane is released, the gas expands and cools, presenting a frostbite hazard.
Storage
Liquified propane should be stored away from heat sources.
Disposal
Propane can be burned safely, as it will not release toxic byproducts.
