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goldenoranges
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Absolute Best Smoke Bomb?
I was wondering, as far as cost/smoke, is the KN03 + Sugar the best option for smoke bombs? I have a situation that requires very rapid smoke
concealment, doesn't have to last for long just so that it puts out a huge amount of smoke in a couple of seconds. I know increasing the surface area
of the wax like mixture of the two chemicals above will increase the amount burnt. I was just wondering if there is something else I can use as an
additive to it, maybe make it better?
Thanks!
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bismuthate
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It depends what you're after. KNO3+Sugar is very cheap but phosphorus is expensive with much better quality I say.
If you want quick smoke realease here is a not so cheap but very quick smoke bomb http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1v3jFAmrQ0
[Edited on 14-2-2014 by bismuthate]
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DubaiAmateurRocketry
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If you going for KNO3/Sugar, try a 70/30 ratio. More KNO3 means more K2CO3 produced which is the main ingredient of the smoke in KNSU smoke bombs, it
will enjoy the advantage of faster burn rate too. You can add few % of Fe2O3 to add burn rate.
As for bismuthate's suggestion, I suggest you use potassium perchlorate instead of ammonium perchlorate because ammonium perchlorate produces no smoke
upon decomposition while around 60% of potassium perchlorate is smoke, while providing more oxygen than ammonium perchlorate.
[Edited on 14-2-2014 by DubaiAmateurRocketry]
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hissingnoise
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| Quote: | | I suggest you use potassium perchlorate instead of ammonium perchlorate because ammonium perchlorate produces no smoke upon decomposition while around
60% of potassium perchlorate is smoke, while providing more oxygen than ammonium perchlorate. |
You have it wrong again, I'm afraid ─ ammonium perchlorate contains more oxygen that the potassium salt . . .
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DubaiAmateurRocketry
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Yes AP contain more oxygen, but half of its oxygen used up by its ammonium cation, which is why I said KP provide more O2 than AP.
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hissingnoise
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| Quote: | | . . . around 60% of potassium perchlorate is smoke, while providing more oxygen than ammonium perchlorate. |
An excess oxygen depresses smoke production, in any case!
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goldenoranges
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I have a bunch of potassium perchlorate, I bought it for flash powder but my aluminum was coated with some shit that made it not work, so I think I'll
try it, and a also the kn03 + sugar with some fe203 since I got tons of it too.
Thanks for the help!
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Praxichys
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Don't take this the wrong way... but I'm curious about why there is a zero in place of your "O" in KNO3?
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Motherload
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I always thought that a fine vapor like suspension is very smoke like.
AP with excess fuel should produce more smoke due to NH4Cl vapor
I remember looooonnnggg time ago I accidently filled up my "lab" with some chlorine gas from aqua regia.
After a few mins I slid in a trough with ammonia solution to help absorb the Cl2 and HCl in the air. (Ammonia was the only Base I had outside)
Half hour later .... I couldn't even look inside ..... It was thick smoke which took overnight to settle.
"Chance favours the prepared mind"
"Fuck It !! We'll do it live !!"
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goldenoranges
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I get them mixed up when I am typing fast, I know its an O 
Quote: Originally posted by Motherload  | I always thought that a fine vapor like suspension is very smoke like.
AP with excess fuel should produce more smoke due to NH4Cl vapor
I remember looooonnnggg time ago I accidently filled up my "lab" with some chlorine gas from aqua regia.
After a few mins I slid in a trough with ammonia solution to help absorb the Cl2 and HCl in the air. (Ammonia was the only Base I had outside)
Half hour later .... I couldn't even look inside ..... It was thick smoke which took overnight to settle. |
I recently filled up my "lab", haha, with sulfuric gas from sulfuric acid accidently. Won't be buying glass from a cheapo source on Ebay again... But
yeah had to get my gas mask and took at least 8 hours to get it off of all the plastic stuff it didnt eat through... I am super happy I was wearing a
clean room suit at the time it 'exploded' burning hot gas/liquid everywhere.
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hissingnoise
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| Quote: | | AP with excess fuel should produce more smoke due to NH4Cl vapor. |
Not nececelery ─ the first rocket powered by AP produced practically no signature, thrilling the rocketeer to his nuts.
He then demonstrated it to a bevy of bigwigs and his rocket blasted off amid thick, choking white billows of HCl!
A relative humidity thing . . .
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DubaiAmateurRocketry
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Thats right, AP decomposes to HCl, which is colorless and does not contribute to the smoke content.
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roXefeller
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| Quote: Originally posted by goldenoranges | | I recently filled up my "lab", haha, with sulfuric gas from sulfuric acid accidently. Won't be buying glass from a cheapo source on Ebay again... But
yeah had to get my gas mask and took at least 8 hours to get it off of all the plastic stuff it didnt eat through... I am super happy I was wearing a
clean room suit at the time it 'exploded' burning hot gas/liquid everywhere. |
Having held flasks of sulfuric acid minutes before they exploded, I can understand the feeling of being safe after an accident. What happened?
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goldenoranges
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| Quote: Originally posted by roXefeller | | Quote: Originally posted by goldenoranges | | I recently filled up my "lab", haha, with sulfuric gas from sulfuric acid accidently. Won't be buying glass from a cheapo source on Ebay again... But
yeah had to get my gas mask and took at least 8 hours to get it off of all the plastic stuff it didnt eat through... I am super happy I was wearing a
clean room suit at the time it 'exploded' burning hot gas/liquid everywhere. |
Having held flasks of sulfuric acid minutes before they exploded, I can understand the feeling of being safe after an accident. What happened?
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It was cheap glass, and I had pre heated the burner I was heating it on, so when I placed it on the burner it cracked a couple of seconds after from
the extreme temperature difference. I was going to purify it from 90% to 98%~ by heating the water off.
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roXefeller
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Maybe not so much cheap glass to blame, but you do want a nice source. Borosilicate might do pretty well with direct heat compared with other glass
types (soda lime) but it still can't be pushed to extremes. I've broken many pyrex items from heat shock or too large of gradients. Thats why large
batches are bad for inexperienced amateurs (like myself) and I don't recommend them. If any of my broken glassware had been large scale, all I can
think is baaad. Small mishaps teach you plenty.
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goldenoranges
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Yeah I am an amateur chemist, but it is very fun and I have always enjoyed it. But for a little it is going on the back burner until I get some more
materials to make it safer and expand what I can do, such as leibeg? condensers, etc. I know I spelt that wrong.
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Motherload
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Hexachloroethane is used as an additive for white smoke but produces HCl.
NH4Cl is very common in oxidizer sugar mixtures.
http://youtu.be/OYhB6gcVKSo
Zinc oxide also produces dense white smoke.
Certain organic dies are used for low temp coloured smoke.
One of these I am going to try and reverse engineer the marine orange smoke I have.
It does contain KClO3
"Chance favours the prepared mind"
"Fuck It !! We'll do it live !!"
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Vikascoder
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Make flash powder or gunpowder and just don't confine it in any container or they will explode now keep them on paper and just burn and you will get
hell of smoke within a fraceof second .( since u need lot of smoke in the shortest time possible try it )
Girls break promises like a small child breaks pencil tips so don't trust girl bcoz no girl=no tension
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Motherload
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In that rapid of a scenario .... RP with some KNO3 does wonders.
I used to make " wizard balls" with some alcohol wet RP and KNO3 dabbed and wrapped in Al foil squares.
After they dried ..... I used to huck them at a solid surface and they woul go off in a puff is white smoke and flash
"Chance favours the prepared mind"
"Fuck It !! We'll do it live !!"
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APO
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I made measured out about 32cc of KNO3 and 15cc of SU, dissolved it in water, and "cooked" it into a paste, and let it solidify. That stuff burned
almost as quick as flashpowder. I measured in cc because at the time I didn't have a scale.
Also, coarse 11:1 by molar ratio of Mg/MgSO4.7H2O makes lots of quite heavy smoke.
One very odd composition I made once started from an r-candy mix like what I mentioned, but I added a pinch of potassium bitartrate, I used the so
called "cook" method at precisley 100 C through most of it, but then it began to turn a light brown, and the temperature climbed to 105 C, so I let it
cool. It remained a very sticky, viscouse, opaque paste once cool (slightly less viscouse than normal gif peanut butter). Then I added about half of
it's volume in an 85:15 by weight ratio of NH4NO3:C ammonpulver, made with recrystalized ammonium nitrate and coarse drawing grade charcoal, with
about 1 or 2 grams of 4-nitrobenzoic acid added (I heard that nitro aromatics were used as catalysts for ammonpulver, and that's the only nitro
aromatic I had). I mixed it in with the r-candy paste I made, until it was a homogeneous color. I attemped to ignite a small sample, but it was very
difficult to ignite, and it would not sustain combustion for more then an instant, so I thought too much water was present, and I put it in my oven at
the 150 F setting in a an attempt to drive off as much water as possible without decomposing the NH4NO3. After 15 minutes, all seemed well, and after
30 minutes, it had completely liquidfied, and after a little over 45 minutes, it had auto ignited, making LOTS of smoke, MUCH more than the same
amount of regular r-candy.
Addition of NH4Cl for extra smoke sounds interesting, but sounds like it would slow the burn rate down.
"Damn it George! I told you not to drop me!"
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greenlight
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Hi I'm new to the forum. I have an old formula i found a long time ago for an upgrade on the KNO3/sugar smoke which increases the smoke output:
Potassium nitrate 60%
White or caster sugar 40%
Paraffin wax (from supermarket) Same amount as sugar
So for example, mix 60g KNO3 with 40g sugar in a bowl. Then place 40g paraffin wax in a saucepan and place on a hotplate until it melts. When
liquified, pour the wax into your KNO3/sugar mix and mix.
Now you can place it in tubes or containers. The only thing is the mix doesn't burn well in open air so it must be confined in the casing with a
small ejection hole for the smoke which the fuse goes in..
Some have probably heard of this mix but I thought I would upload just in case.
[Edited on 4-11-2014 by greenlight]
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DubaiAmateurRocketry
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I realized a problem with these smoke bombs we make is that the smoke is hot and rises up, and ground to ground vision is still possible!
There should be something to reduce the temperature.. umm..
[Edited on 4-11-2014 by DubaiAmateurRocketry]
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careysub
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| Quote: Originally posted by DubaiAmateurRocketry | I realized a problem with these smoke bombs we make is that the smoke is hot and rises up, and ground to ground vision is still possible!
There should be something to reduce the temperature.. umm..
[Edited on 4-11-2014 by DubaiAmateurRocketry] |
\
The military addresses this by using heavier metal smokes - traditionally HC composition that produces zinc chloride smoke.
It originally consisted of:
Zinc dust 28%
Hexachlorethane 50%
Potassium perchlorate 22%
It requires a starter mixture. Traditionally it has been:
Antimony 76.4%
Zinc dust 11.8%
Potassium perchlorate 11.8%
but many other mixtures could be used I am sure, especially if you are not concerned with smoke generation during ignition.
Fast and slow compositions have since been developed:
Fast
Zinc dust 36%
Hexachlorethane 43%
Ammonium perchlorate 15%
Ammonium chloride 6%
Slow:
Zinc dust 36%
Hexachlorethane 44%
Ammonium perchlorate 10%
Ammonium chloride 10%
ZnCl2 smoke toxicity is a problem, heavy exposure can cause respiratory injury, and if you make this stuff make sure you use clean pure zinc, since
heavy metal contamination will end up in the smoke.
See this document:
Attachment: ZINC BASED SMOKE COMPOSITIONS.pdf (174kB)
This file has been downloaded 1303 times
A more modern formula substitutes titanium for the zinc. It is perhaps even more effective than zinc, and is less toxic.
Here is a study on different titanium smoke compositions:
[Edited on 4-11-2014 by careysub]
Attachment: 3427-10300-1-SM.pdf (754kB)
This file has been downloaded 822 times
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forgotpassword
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Military smoke grenades are comprised of Potassium Chlorate and Lactose.
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greenlight
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The Potassium chlorate and lactose compositions would be better for more rapid smoke concealment and also burn with a lower temperature.
But isn't an organic coloured dye also required that when burnt by the oxidizer and fuel, creates the smoke by forming a fine mist of dye particles.
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