Hexabromobenzene
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Formaldehyde from plastic(report)
DANGER!!!Pyrolysis polyoxymethylene gives very high formaldehyde emission! Do not do it in home!
About 15 kilograms of plastic polyoxymethylene was pyrolysed in 4 times.
Pyrolysis setup is stell retort and water Double-step absorber. Absorber is simple container with water with a tube to the bottom of the vessel, which
includes pyrolysis gases. Container are connected sequentially. First absorbers must be made of metal due to high gas temperature.
Volume of retort 12 liters. Loading plastic 4-6 kg. Volume of 1 absorber 5 liters. Second absorber 10 liter PE canister filled at half
Retort heated in furnace from steel barrel in which firewood burns.
Approximately 30 liters of formaldehyde concentration of about 12% were obtained. The resulting formaldehyde has a yellow-orange color and is
contaminated by impurities of formaldehyde oligomer as paste like mass.
Formaldehyde was concentrated by freezing during frost -25C(cold winter). Liquid was separated from ice. About 10 liter formaldehyde with
concentration about 30% was obtained. Formaldehyde and water have eutetic point -19.5 with concentration about 30%.
Conclusion: Pyrolysis polyoxymethylene gives low yield formaldehyde and resulting product is crude. It also dangerous. DO NOT INHALE smoke stands out
during pyrolysis. Do not to be less than 10-20 meters from the leeward side from pyrolysis setup. Use gas mask to throw firewood into the furnace.
About 80%( More 10 kg) formaldehyde was emitted in atmosphere. Not more 30% formaldehyde was absorbed
Pyrolysis polyoxymethylene bad way to prepare formaldehyde. Hydrolysis in boiling sulfuric acid is more friendly. Pyrolysis of plastic gives too much
stream formaldehyde which does not have time to dissolve in water . It also gives crude product
[Edited on 15-1-2022 by Hexabromobenzene]
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bluamine
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Quote: Originally posted by Hexabromobenzene  |
About 80%( More 10 kg) formaldehyde was emitted in atmosphere. Not more 30% formaldehyde was absorbed
Pyrolysis polyoxymethylene bad way to prepare formaldehyde. Hydrolysis in boiling sulfuric acid is more friendly. Pyrolysis of plastic gives too much
stream formaldehyde which does not have time to dissolve in water . It also gives crude product
[Edited on 15-1-2022 by Hexabromobenzene] |
Why did you have this low yeald? Didn't you try to minimize emissions? I think your apparatus mightn't be efficient enough!!
What would the result of such a hydrolysis process be other than formaldehyde?
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Hexabromobenzene
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I gave low yield because formaldehyde stream very high. I use 2 absorbers sequentially but it did not help. I can decrease formaldehyde stream if
decrease heat. But pyrolysis will take many time up to 10-20 hours instead 1-2 hour. Also heat control is difficult if you use wood as fuel
Pyrolysis also produces some formaldehyde oligomer and dioxalane because it contains up to 1% ethoxy groups. Hydrolysis is more clean but i think it
slowly
You can use boiling sulfuric acid 10-50% concentration
[Edited on 16-1-2022 by Hexabromobenzene]
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draculic acid69
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Have you also done this with sulfuric acid?
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Hexabromobenzene
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I have no opportunity. But you can do it yourself.
POM plastic is difficult to crush. You will need bolt cutter, saw on metal, Pickaxe or heavy hammer. To protect against fragments, use a polycarbonate
faceplate for the face
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Hexabromobenzene
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I did another experiments with this plastic. The plastic was broken into pieces and 40% sulfuric acid was added for a week. No changes. Then the
container with the plastic and acid was heated to 70 degrees. It began to smell of formaldehyde from her and irritates her nose strongly.
For hydrolysis of plastic, it must be boiled with sulfuric acid. Nothing happens at room temperature. I also stay plastic at 10% hydrochloric acid at
2 months. Also nothing happend
Or plastic can be pyrolysed as written above
[Edited on 25-5-2022 by Hexabromobenzene]
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clearly_not_atara
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I'm kind of surprised you're not trying to dissolve the polymer in a solvent, even weakly, before reaction. I'm guessing that the heat+acid reaction
starts when the polymer softens. Going by the chart:
https://www.calpaclab.com/acetal-polyoxymethylene-chemical-c...
it appears that POM is severely degraded by GAA, which is also acidic, so might help depolymerization. Other solvents might include DMF, diphenyl
ether, chlorobenzene, isopropyl acetate (but not ethyl?!), methylene chloride (but not chloroform), or limonene.
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Hexabromobenzene
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It makes no sense. The use of solvents is all the same as expensive as dichlormethane or DMF, in addition to a waste of solvent, leads to
contamination of reaction products.
Solvents should be used only where necessary. Hydrolysis of plastic with sulfuric acid during boiling a pure process. Sulfuric acid is a cheap reagent
that acts as a catalyst and can be used as many times
Before hydrolysis, plastic can be broken with a hammer or sledgehammer
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clearly_not_atara
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| Quote: | | The use of solvents is all the same as expensive as dichlormethane or DMF, in addition to a waste of solvent, leads to contamination of reaction
products. |
The solvent to try would obviously be acetic acid, which is around the same price as sulfuric acid, I just listed the others because I felt like it.
The reason would be to lower the reaction temperature, which means that the gas stream will be cooler, and easier to condense/capture.
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Fantasma4500
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i would pipe it into a bunch of Ca(OH)2 forming calcium formate- this should absorb more readily
otherwise you must put it into a tall steel pipe with water and modify the exhaust so that it produces very small bubbles, the end of steel pipe could
be closed with a cap and then 2mm holes could be drilled in it, smaller bubbles will imply more surface area- more absorbtion. very interesting, maybe
you have to modify the operational temperature- maybe have the pyrolysis chamber chained up in a 3point construction so you can control its distance
to the fire by a chain or rope mechanism
formate is very neat, methyl formate boils at 30*C
ethyl formate about 54*C (and same solubility in water as ether, methyl formate is very soluble in water unfortunately)
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clearly_not_atara
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^similar, I bet you could capture the gas in ethylene glycol with a little catalytic acid -- instant dioxolane?
According to Blomberg et al, 2-unsubstituted dioxolanes (i.e. those derived from formaldehyde) are compatible with Grignard reagents. However,
2-substitution causes the Grignard to attack the alcohol.
The unsubstituted 1,3-dioxolane is miscible with water, bp 74 C, sg 1.06, while the product using propylene glycol, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, bp 84, sg
0.983, appears to be not miscible, although a solubility is not given by Broekhuis et al.
Like other ethers, dioxolanes produce peroxides on storage.
Attachment: blomberg1963.pdf (270kB)
This file has been downloaded 213 times
Attachment: broekhuis1994.pdf (956kB)
This file has been downloaded 259 times
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Hexabromobenzene
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High formaldehyde is not a problem not hydrolysis but pyrolysis. After pyrolysis, the formaldehyde gas overheat (300C) that complicates its absorption
Pyrolysis is carried out in the forest or in the destroyed building. I can’t make complex constraints there. More fuel more heat
Pyrolysis also gives a contaminated orange product
The rate of pyrolysis directly depends on the heat given to the plastic. Less heat is slower pyrolysis and lower byproducts but Im not going wait for
days
The idea with a steel pipe with holes is excellent. But I already have formaldehyde
The use of acetic acid does not help in hydrolysis due to heterogeneity reaction. This is a typical hydrolysis reaction. Its speed depends on the
concentration of protons and temperature. Since it is heterogeneous of its speed, you can increase with grinding plastic in sawdust. But hydrolysis is
also without grinding
Formaldehyde can be concentrated using a freezer. Freeze it and separate the liquid from the ice
Production formaldehyde acetal also does not make sense. The same problems await you. Easier to make an improved design of the apparatus
[Edited on 27-5-2022 by Hexabromobenzene]
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clearly_not_atara
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I mentioned the dioxolanes because I think they are interesting in and of themselves, not as a step in purification.
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Fyndium
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I had issues with absorbing POM pyrolysis products in water. Apparently hot water absorbs formaldehyde better than cold. You could possibly use woven
steel mesh to generate smaller bubbles. Sintered steel diffuser would be the best, it generates aerosol-like curtain of bubbles.
Meanwhile, formaldehyde is very useful reagent, but it is very difficult to obtain outside special suppliers because it has no commercial use, it's
banned or it's too toxic for those purposes, and industry that uses it orders it by the tank car.
[Edited on 3-6-2022 by Fyndium]
[Edited on 3-6-2022 by Fyndium]
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