zthk2011
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High Energy&High Blast Explosive
what are the definitions of the High Energy explosive and High Blast explosive and their differences? In addition, what are the differences between
the terms "blast" and "explosion"?
[Edited on 13-6-2010 by zthk2011]
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hissingnoise
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On the assumption that English is not your first language - both words describe the same thing - with different spellings. . .
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The WiZard is In
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Quote: Originally posted by zthk2011  | | what are the definitions of the High Energy explosive and High Blast explosive and their differences? In addition, what are the differences between
the terms "blast" and "explosion"? |
----------
Rudolf Meyer
Explosives 3rd Edition
[Same in the 4th Edition. In which there are a large number of errors;
the "Specific Energy" entry being unreadable!]
Specific Energy
spezifische Energie, force
The specific energy of an explosive is defined as its working performance per kg,
theoretically calculated from the general equation of state for gases:
f = pV = nRT
where p is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of mols of the explosion
gases per kg, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the
explosion. If we put the volume equal to unity, i.e., if the loading density is unity, the
specific energy becomes
f=p
i. e., is equal to the pressure which would be exerted by the compressed explosion
gases in their confinement, if the latter were indestructible. This is why the term
"specific pressure" is also frequently used, and why the magnitude f is often quoted in
atmospheres.
Nevertheless, strictly speaking, f is an energy value, and for this reason is reported in
meter-tons per kg. The value of f will have this dimension it R is taken as 0.8479 - 10-3
mt . K . Mol.
In accordance with recent standardisation regulations, the energy data are also
reported in joules.
Strength
Arbeitsvermögen, force
Also ---> Bulk Strength, Weight Strength.
The performance potential of an explosive cannot be described by a single parameter.
It is determined by the amount of gas liberated per unit of weight, the energy evolved in
the process, and by the propagation rate of the explosive. If an explosive is to be
detonated in , borehole, the relevant parameter is its "strength"; in such a case the
criterion of the performance is not so much a high detonation rate as a high gas yield
and a high heat of explosion. If, on the other hand, a strong disintegration effect in the
nearest vicinity of the detonation is required, the most important parameters are the
detonation rate and the density.
There exist a number of conventional tests and calculation method for determining the
comparative performance of different explosives. The determinations of the detonation
rate and density require no conventions, since they are both specific physical magnitudes.
Specific Energies of Explosives
From Köhler & Meyer's Explosives 4th edition Specific energy
kJ/kg Specific energy mt/kg Volume of detonation gases l/kg Lead block cm3/10 g
Dinitronapthalene 495 50.5 488 ----
Dintroorthocresol 621 63.3 620 ----
Picramic acid 687 70.1 800 166
Tetranitromethane 687 70.1 685 ----
Dinitrotoluene 710 72 800 240
Metadinitrobenzene 710 72 850 242
Hexamethylenetetramine dinitrate 735 75 1000 220
Guanidine nitrate 750 77 1098 ----
Trinitronapthalene 759 77 840 ----
Glycidyl azide polymer 780 79.5 ---- ----
Urea nitrate 785 80 910 270
Trinitrobenzoic acid 815 83 630 283
Trinitroxylene [2,4,6-] 816 83.2 856 ----
Trinitrocresol [2,4,6-] 838 85.5 711 285
Hexanitroethane 854 97.1 ----- 245
TNT 870 89 730 300
Hexamethylenetripoxide diamine 897 91.5 1000 330
Styphnic acid 900 92 680 284
Nitrourea 912 93 853 ----
Trinitroanisole 934 95.2 760 295
Triethyeneglycol dinitrate 954 97.3 1202 320
Trinitrobenzene [1,2,5-] 957 97 678 325
Ethyltetryl 960 97.9 800 325
Nitroguanidine 964 98 1075 305
Methylamine nitrate 980 100 1189 325
Picric acid 987 100 800 315
Hydrazine nitrate 1001 102 1001 408
Hexanitrodiphylamine [2,4,6,2',4',6'-] 1050 107 780 325
Trinitrophenoxethyl nitrate 1050 107 750 350
Mannitol hexanitrate 1100 112 755 510
Nitroglycerin 1139 116 782 520
Diethyleneglycol dinitrate 1143 116.6 1030 410
Tetranitroaniline [2,3,4,6-] 1177 120 740 ----
Tetryl 1200 133 800 410
Nitrogylcol 1205 123 816 620
PETN 1220 124 823 523
Nitroisobutylgycerol trinitate 1238 126 801 540
Dipentaerythiol hexanitrate 1243 127 907 ----
Nitroethylpropanediol dinitrate 1243 127 1032 ----
Heptryl 1245 127 787 ----
Metriol trinitrate 1270 129 971 400
Trintropyridine 1272 130 860 ----
Nitromethane 1275 130 1102 400
Polyvinyl nitrate 1283 130 1009 ----
Dioxyethylnitramine dinitrate 1306 133 943 ----
Dioxyethylnitramine dinitrate 1306 133 743 ----
Methyl nitrate 1320 135 909 610
Trinitropyridine-N-oxide 1344 137 ---- ----
Cyclonite 1394 142 900 480
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quicksilver
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What context are you referring to? Did you mean to define those terms as a reference in a specific role?
Energy and blast are generalist terms in certain respects. A large, well placed charge of black powder can generate a great deal of "shoving" energy,
while a moderate weight charge of Deta-Sheet can provide a great deal of brisance in between the cracks of concrete, etc.
When any energetic material is contained, it may generate a greater ability to move the air around it than when it were not contained. The closer to
the origin of an explosion a measurement device is, the greater it will receive output energy. That output energy can be measured in a variety of
ways. To get a handle on energy measurement, you have to define the circumstances.
An explosion may take place with a variety of materials & circumstances. A blast is often a euphemism for the results of an explosion. This is NOT
limited to dentonatable materials, low explosives, or high. They may result from a fuel-air explosion or the results of an oxygen locution with a
malleable material (molten metal, etc), or simply the rush of inflammation of highly flammable materiel. The list is very long.
Compressed gasses, suddenly released and electrical phenomenon are forms of energy. And taken further can provide a form of blast as well. Anyone who
has seen a large capacitor discharge or a sudden leak in a gas line can attest to this.
For these reasons the language of science demands specifics & certain languages are more exacting than others. Many languages can be "butchered"
with slang or sloppy linguistics.
The modern American (or British) young person may say "I lit the firecracker & it made a fucking big bang." Yet this describes very little (aside
from noise).
For this reason scatology has little place in descriptive communication.
Example: "The shit really fucking blew up like a motherfucker".*
Is this due to a lack language skills or are you looking for material in a definable sense?????? The same material exists in MANY different European
languages.
* Science is not the only thing this that this form of "communication" distorts. "I feel like shit" does not tell the listener whether the person is
depressed, angry, in pain, or ill.
[Edited on 13-6-2010 by quicksilver]
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JohnWW
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Is there a specific energy of explosive available for NH4NO3? Are any specific energies of explosives available for chlorates and perchlorates,
particularly NH4ClO4 and perchlorate esters?
[Edited on 13-6-10 by JohnWW]
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franklyn
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Explosion is a general term for any abrupt disassembly of the exploding object
and resulting mechanical action upon the surroundings resulting from it. More
an observation of the result than anything else.
Blast apart from the colloquial use undifferentiated from explosion ( as you observe ) ,
when used in the technical reference to explosives , means the motion of a high
pressure gas wave directed away from the epicenter of explosion.
http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=11195#...
What are termed " trivial names " for materials , are just nomenclature.
Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine is the old name for what IUPAC now terms
1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane , more familiarly known as R D X.
The origin of this acronym itself is obscure , variously ascribed to be
" Rapid Detonating Explosive " , " Research Department Explosive "
" Royal Demolition Explosive " , " X " is always understood to be
shorthand for explosive. These are simply just nicknames having
mnemonic meaning such as C L-20 " China Lake Compound 20 "
which is Hexanitrohexa-aza-isowurzitane.
Nomenclature " H E X " ( High Energy Explosive ) and " H B X " ( High Blast Explosive )
refer to compositions of materials designed to enhance particular properties of
their explosion. I believe HEX is just Aluminum and NH4NO3 with some binder.
40 % Al , 40 % NH4NO3 , 20 % polystyrene soap. HBX is an aluminized admixture
of some mix of explosive compounds I believe are TNT and RDX , itself termed
a Cyclotol. ( O L ) suffix is always understood to be shorthand for TNT.
( A L ) suffix is always understood to be shorthand for Aluminum , though
not applied in this case.
http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=7769&a...
A good place for basic definitions.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosive_material
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quicksilver
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Shimizu did some studies on chlorate / perchlorates. What he found was that the TYPE of initiation made a great difference. This is when the constant
discussion of "Flash detonates: Flash does NOT detonate" was constant. Using a primary explos (or cap) he found that Flash indeed does detonate
(@ approx 3100mps) but acts as a low explos. when initiated w/ flame alone.
TTBoMK - NH4NO3 was studied a great deal both after the disasters in Texas City & much later in industrial settings. For ANFO to initiate plain
NH4NO3 is a very difficult & in-exact phenomenon. Sometimes it will shoot. Sometimes only part-way; other times, it simply won't. Too many
variables attended the investigation of how and to what level NH4NO3 was a blasting agent by itself. Trials using Boosters (Gains) affixed to NH4NO3
showed it to be VERY inconsistent. When ANFO was Boosted and plain HN4NO3 was adjacent there was too much confusion as to the leaching, leaking or
absorbency of the fuel in the ANFO to determine if the HN4NO3 was totally "clean".
To the USDoT, it was not considered a blasting agent unless there was any possibility of a fuel available & was marked "Oxidizer" for quite some
time. Today shipping by surface transport is not overtly marked due to many restrictions by DHS & insurance companies. when the material reached
over a certain weight. There also appeared to be a significant issue in weight & bulk (compression & containment) with the possible danger of
certain nitrates. Various nitrates exploded when combined with fuels of various sorts; not only NH4NO3.
Of the chlorate (& perchlorate) ammonium perchlorate appears to be dangerous in certain settings as the disaster in Henderson Nevada can attest.
As oxidizers go, it appears that the chlorate (or permanganate) are much more prone to being explosive than the nitrates. This then leads to the
question of oxygen either available or released within an oxidizer such to categorize it as a blasting agent. The research in this area followed LOX
as an utility example.
I don't like to get in-depth information from Wiki on the internet but there should be appropriate pointers to more professional sources for your
research on these materials.
This may help get you started. Take the specifics with a grain of salt as much of the information comes from news outlets.....
http://nobombs.net/brucel/explosiveincidents.html
[Edited on 13-6-2010 by quicksilver]
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