blindreeper
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Electrodes?
I am going to start getting into making chlorates (NaClO3) for rack-a-rock type things.
Well I tried it last night in a big nescaffe coffee jar. I had 2 carbon elecrodes in a very saturated salt solution. I left it for 2 hours came back
and wow it was all black!!! The electrode got attacted somthing fierce.
The problem I think was that the voltage was to high. I had a battery charger (car) it was on the 12v section (it can switch from 6v to 12v) and the
heavy duty charge (it also has trickle charge).
I will try with a steel cathode and a carbon anode with 6v and trickle charge. Any help on what I can do and what a good material for electrodes would
be would be much appresitated.
BTW, the cell was sealed with a 3mm vent hole in it (if that makes a difference)
I have read a bit on the subject and found it quite interesting. Also the electrodes in a car battery are Pb arn't they? Are they good for
chlorate production?(i have no intentions of making perchlorates)
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Cappy
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Half of the electrodes in a car battery are lead. The other half are lead oxide.
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MnkyBoy
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Battery Chargers
If using a car battery charger, dont do so directly. Connect the charger to a battery that it was intended for. Connect the battery to your cell.
By doing this, the charger's output wont fluxuate as bad.
Just a hint read some place.
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markx
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For cathode one could use stainless steel (done so and it holds up great!)or regular mild steel (corrodes pretty fast) anode can be made out of
graphite or lead (IV) oxide PbO2.
Platinum and rare earth oxide mixtures are also possible but I don't think one can get ahold of these. So the only options are graphite and lead
oxide....
The latter can be prepared by electrolysis of lead nitrate but messing with lead compounds has a rather questionable nutritional value so graphite is
the sane choice.
Graphite rods from batteries are bad for chlorate production since they don't hold up much. I used a piece of industrial graphite anode and this
sucker seems to last forever compared to the battery sticks.
There's no profit in messing with a few 100 ml cell, take a healthy several litre cell and a meaty rectifier (20-50A @ 12V ) bang 15-20A DC
through your setup overnight and you'll see some results!
I messed around with small cells and short reaction times in the beginning myself and got rather desperate since it just would not work....
It was when I upgraded to a meaty cell and power supply that I started getting a hang of this method.
There is no need to stabilize the DC ripple of the battery charger it works great on unfiltered DC straight out of the bridge.
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hissingnoise
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Oxidizing nacl takes patience; it takes forever to saturate the sol because naclo3 is so soluble.
It can be precipitated by kcl as kclo3, but if you want naclo3(more powerful oxidizer when dry)carry on the electrolysis for aeons.
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chemoleo
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... there are a number of other threads on making chlorate... read them!! there is lots of useful info on different electrode materials. the graphite
problem is well known... but otherwise it still works! have u tested the chlorate yet??
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theh0ser
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why is it that when i use to pencils (graphite) as electrodes and a solution of salt and water and electrolize it, after a few minutes, thers a strong
smell of chlorine?
hoser
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chemoleo
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lol, are you serious?
Ok read other threads first 
Then... pencil graphite doesnt work, tried it myself with various grades. It corrodes, and is not very strong, i.e. it splits into splinters.
YOU WANT THE SMELL of chlorine by the way!!
The point is to keep it in a closed container, so as to make sure that the free smelly chlorine reacts with the NaOH, to form NaOCl and Nacl (the
latter being electrolysed again).
So... the smell is what you want, except that you shouldnt smell it as it should be in a container that allows it to react with the mixture!! There
are plenty of threads on this! read them!
Never Stop to Begin, and Never Begin to Stop...
Tolerance is good. But not with the intolerant! (Wilhelm Busch)
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theh0ser
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aright calm down there chameleo...i dont spend hours reading every single thread
hoser
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vulture
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theh0ser,
YOU SHOULD spent hours reading every thread about the subject! This is not a Help-me-cause-i'm-lazy-chatroom! 
If you can't be bothered by reading those threads, we can't be bothered to help you. Nor will you ever succeed in anything.
Anyways, your posting style is really annoying. Consider this as a warning.
[Edited on 7-12-2003 by vulture]
One shouldn't accept or resort to the mutilation of science to appease the mentally impaired.
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theh0ser
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well i read all the threads in this topic but it still didnt answer my question
hoser
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Quantum
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theh0ser,
What questions? All you asked about was the Cl smell and Vulture told you about that. The best I understand it(still learning) is that because you
start with salt(NaCl) and water in a solution and then run the current through it you are breaking the Cl from the Na and the H from the O so the Na
joins up with the OH forming NaOH.
NaCl + H2O --> NaOH + Cl + H? Not balanced!
I guess one mole of H would be unused along with the Cl and go away into the air. I don't understand the NaClO3 reaction very well so if someone
could explain in I would be greatfull. I am thinking you need 3H20 for every NaClO3 you make and lots of pure H gas is given off?
NaCl + 3H2O --> NaClO3 + H2? Balanced I think
Anyone who knows what they are doing care to point me in the right direction?
What if, what is isn\'t true?
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axehandle
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Platinum
Use stainless steel for the cathode, and a pure platinum wire as the anode.
I know it sounds expensive, but I've just ordered a 300mm long wire, 0.7mm thick and it only cost me about $90.
Considering that it will last forever, I think it's a good investment.
My PGP key, Fingerprint 5D96 E09E 365D 1867 2DF5 C2FE 4269 9C19 E079 CD35
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Turel
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Current Density, not Voltage
| Quote: | | The problem I think was that the voltage was to high. |
Your problem is that your electrodes are too small/your current density is too high. Voltage has nothing to do with electrode decay. It either decays,
or does not. The rate of decay is proportional to the current density.
Your problem is likely not even due to ion-induced decay. Graphites layered planar sheet structure makes it a piss poor choice for even medium current
densities, as the bonds between sheets are very easily broken.
Carbon graphite is fairly inert, and I doubt the chloride ions are to blame. Use longer electrodes to lower the current density on the graphite.
-T
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Turel
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Cheap electrodes
I have successfully electrolyzed brined using stainless steel electrodes. Stainless steel silverware is cheap and dense. SS handles higher current
densities very well, which are recommended for the oxidation of chloride.
Commercial production of hypochlorites use a SS coil cathode surrounding a central perforated cylindrical iridium anode, and use strong current
densities on the anode to favor oxidation of the cloride ion to Cl+. The reaction chamber is kept as cold as possible to inhibit thermal decomposition
of the hypochlorites to chlorates.
Quantum: The electrochemical reaction proceeds as thus:
Anode Reactions: Cl- -2e ---> Cl+
Cl+ + H2O ---> ClO- + 2H+
Cathode Reactions: 2Na+ +2e ---> 2Na
2Na + 2H2O ---> 2Na+ + 2OH- +H2
The 2H+ and 2OH- produced obviously eliminate to retain a neutral pH.
-T
[Edited on 12-2-2004 by Turel]
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axehandle
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Iridium? Sounds too complicated, I'll stick with my platinum.
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\"Verbing nouns weirds the language!\"
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Turel
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Heh
They cost the same, and iridium is pretty much guaranteed to last far longer than you or I. Platinum will corrode over time, and needs to be cleaned.
Cleaning an iridium electrode is as simple as wiping it off.
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axehandle
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Hmmm. Bad purchase, then..... sigh.
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Turel
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Not True
Pt electrodes will do anything you could want to do with them. I am just saying that commercial applications often prefer iridium due to a high usage
demand.
Ir electrodes are the best IMO, but are by no means a necessity. I don't even own a set of Pt electrodes, and I can get anything I need done just
using SS and carbon. So Pt is still a great thing to have on hand.
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axehandle
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That's a great relief then. The platinum wire I've ordered will btw be used for KClO4 production as well as production of a small quantity
of Pt-on-silica algae substrate catalyst (for making concentrated sulfuric acid). The latter should only require about 100mg worth, though.
My PGP key, Fingerprint 5D96 E09E 365D 1867 2DF5 C2FE 4269 9C19 E079 CD35
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vulture
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Why did you buy wire? The surface area is rather small.
Pt coated Ti anodes have a far greater surface area, last as long and are cheaper.
Ofcourse, you could always dissolve your Pt and precipitate it onto a Ti matrix.
EDIT: I merged Turels reply with the thread, but it's a few replies higher now.
[Edited on 12-2-2004 by vulture]
One shouldn't accept or resort to the mutilation of science to appease the mentally impaired.
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axehandle
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Because there's no fscking way in hell a company here would sell platinized Ti net to an individual. I'd have to burglar my way in and steal
some, if I wanted it that badly.
(Hmm, perhaps not such a bad idea. I certainly am more qualified than your average thief when it comes to disabling alarm systems....hmmmm..... no.
Too risky.)
Also, I need a small piece of pure Pt for dissolving in aqua regia and precipitating it on silica algae or rockwool, then burning off the chlorine,
thereby platinizing the substrate, for H2SO4 synthesis.
The electroconductivity of Pt is rather low, on par with Fe. I hope the wire won't melt....
And the surface area can be increased by hammering the wire flat. It's not like I'm planning to produce more than perhaps 100g of
KClO4/week, anyway. I just need small amounts as an additive to my rocket fuel. You _can_ buy it here, legally, but it's expensive and anyways
it's more fun attempting to make it yourself =).
My PGP key, Fingerprint 5D96 E09E 365D 1867 2DF5 C2FE 4269 9C19 E079 CD35
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Turel
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You build rockets, too?
Shit, man. I didn't know you were into rockets. We may have quite a few projects in common. Strange.
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axehandle
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I'm very much into rockets. Check your U2U inbox, mate....
My PGP key, Fingerprint 5D96 E09E 365D 1867 2DF5 C2FE 4269 9C19 E079 CD35
\"Verbing nouns weirds the language!\"
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