Before addressing the verbs “keep” and “bear,” we interpret their object: “Arms.” The 18th-century meaning is no different from the
meaning today. The 1773 edition of Samuel Johnson’s dictionary defined “arms” as “weapons of offence, or armour of defence.” [...] Timothy
Cunningham’s important 1771 legal dictionary defined “arms” as “any thing that a man wears for his defence, or takes into his hands, or useth
in wrath to cast at or strike another.” [...]
The term was applied, then as now, to weapons that were not specifically designed for military use and were not employed in a military capacity. For
instance, Cunningham’s legal dictionary gave as an example of usage: “Servants and labourers shall use bows and arrows on Sundays, &c. and
not bear other arms.” [...] Although one founding-era thesaurus limited “arms” (as opposed to “weapons”) to “instruments of offence
generally made use of in war,” even that source stated that all firearms constituted “arms.” |