In the past, however, thiosulfates were not that easily available and the product could contain a small amount of sulfide. Even an amount of less than
e.g. 0.01% already gives a noticeable brown fog on silver halide papers. Thiosulfate was made by boiling sulfur in concentrated NaOH, which leads to a
disproportionation reaction, in which thiosulfate and sulfide is formed. Tiny amounts of sulfide could be left in the thiosulfate. I don't know how
they make thiosulfate nowadays, but the product we can buy now is really free of sulfide, which is very important for photographic purposes. It may
contain some sulfite or sulfate, but that is no problem, when it is used as fixing agent. |