That horizontal vortex in what looks like water in a cylindrical glass jar (or similar) looks as if it was produced by the rotation of a magnet at its
bottom, caused by a laboratory magnetic stirrer. At least one of the books on Fluid Mechanics - that by White - and one of the Coulson &
Richardson volumes, which I have uploaded, and the downloading links for which I have given in the Chemical Engineering books thread in the References
section, should explain the fluid mechanics of vortices. I think that Streeter's Fluid Mechanics is also available as an ebook.
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