Decane
![]() Decane sample with its original bottle.
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Names | |
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IUPAC name
n-Decane
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Systematic IUPAC name
Decane | |
Other names
D10
Decyl hydride n-Decane N-Decane | |
Identifiers | |
Jmol-3D images | Image |
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Properties | |
C10H22 | |
Molar mass | 142.29 g/mol |
Appearance | Colorless viscous liquid |
Odor | Petroleum-like Faint bitumen-like |
Density | 0.730 g/cm3 (20 °C) 0.7255 g/cm3 (25 °C) |
Melting point | −29.7 °C (−21.5 °F; 243.5 K) |
Boiling point | 174.2 °C (345.6 °F; 447.3 K) |
0.9·10-6 g/100 ml (20 °C) 5.2·10-6 g/100 ml (25 °C) | |
Solubility | Miscible with ethanol, halocarbons, hydrocarbons Slightly soluble in CCl4 |
Solubility in salt water | 8.7·10-6 g/100 ml (20 °C) |
Vapor pressure | 0.195 kPa (at 25 °C) |
Thermochemistry | |
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
−302.1–−299.9 kJ·mol−1 |
Hazards | |
Safety data sheet | ScienceLab |
Flash point | 46 °C (115 °F; 319 K) |
Related compounds | |
Related compounds
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Nonane |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
Infobox references | |
Decane or n-decane is an organic chemical compound with the chemical formula C10H22. It is a straight-chain hydrocarbon, which appears as a thin liquid with a viscosity similar to water.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
Decane will burn in air in the presence of an ignition source, releasing carbon dioxide, water and soot.
- C10H22 + 21/2 O2 → 10 CO2 + 11 H2O
Physical
Decane is a colorless liquid, insoluble in water, but miscible with other organic solvents. It has a very weak odor, described by some as being petroleum or bitumen-like. Decane boils at around 174 °C and freezes close to −30 °C.
Availability
Decane can be extracted from various petroleum solvents, such as Stoddard solvent (which contains a mixture of aliphatic and alicyclic C7 to C12 hydrocarbons), via fractional distillation, though you need a large amount of Stoddard solvent to obtain any useful amount of n-decane.
Decane can also be purchased from chemical suppliers.
Preparation
Decane is best purchased or extracted from petroleum products than prepared.
Complete reduction of caproic acid will yield n-decane.
Projects
- Organic extractions
Handling
Safety
Decane is toxic if consumed, but generally it's quite harmless. Due to its high boiling point, it gives off few vapors, which may irritate the eyes on contact. Decane is flammable and will ignite in the presence of an ignition source.
In high concentrations, n-decane vapors may have slight narcotic effects.
Storage
Decane should be stored in closed bottles, away from any heat source. Due to its high boiling point, very little will evaporate over the years.
Disposal
Decane can be mixed with a more flammable solvent and safely burned outside.
References
Relevant Sciencemadness threads
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