Funnel-and-beaker trap
A funnel-and-beaker trap is a device for dissolving highly soluble gases in water. The trick with these gases, such as ammonia and hydrogen chloride, is that they cannot be dissolved in water by simply bubbling them through it: the high solubility results in the water rushing bach into the reaction vessel. The funnel-and-beaker trap is used to prevent that.
It works because of the short, wide part of the funnel allowing it to suck a large amount of water in. When the weight of the water becomes larger than the force of the atmospheric pressure forcing the water in, the water stops being sucked in. This apparatus has another mechanism of protection: if the above fails, the funnel sucks enough water for the water level in the beaker to drop below the level of the funnel rim, allowing air into the apparatus and forcibly stopping the suckback.
