Solubility

Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid, or gaseous solvent to form a solution of the solute in the solvent. Most often, the solvent is a liquid, which can be a pure substance or a mixture. One may also speak of solid solution, but rarely of solution in a gas.

Solubility of chemicals in solvents

Solubility of chemicals in water

The table below provides information on the of solubility of different substances in water, at different temperatures, at 1 atmosphere of pressure. Units of solubility are given in grams per 100 grams of water (g/100g or g/L).

Substance	0 °C	10 °C	20 °C	30 °C	40 °C	50 °C	60 °C	70 °C	80 °C	90 °C	100 °C
Actinium(III) hydroxide			0.0021
Aluminium chloride	43.9	44.9	45.8	46.6	47.3		48.1		48.6		49.0
Aluminium fluoride	0.56	0.56	0.67	0.78	0.91		1.1		1.32		1.72
Aluminium hydroxide				0.0001
Aluminium nitrate	60	66.7	73.9	81.8	88.7	96.0	106	120	132	153	160
Aluminium perchlorate	122	128	133
Aluminium sulfate	31.2	33.5	36.4	40.4	45.8	52.2	59.2	66.2	73	80.8	89.0
Ammonia	1176	900	702	565	428	333	252	188	138	100	88
Ammonium acetate	102		143		204		311		533
Ammonium azide	16		25.3		37.1
Ammonium benzoate	19.6	21.3									83
Ammonium bicarbonate	11.9	16.1	21.7	28.4	36.6		59.2		109	Dec	Dec
Ammonium bromide	60.6	68.1	76.4	83.2	91.2	99.2	108	117	125	135	145
Ammonium carbonate	55.8		10				Dec	Dec	Dec	Dec	Dec
Ammonium chlorate			28.7
Ammonium chloride	29.4	33.2	37.2	41.4	45.8	50.4	55.3	60.2	65.6	71.2	77.3
Ammonium hexachloroplatinate	0.289	0.374	0.499	0.637	0.815		1.44		2.16	2.61	3.36
Ammonium chromate	25	29.2	34	39.3	45.3	51.9	59.0	71.2	76.1
Ammonium dichromate	18.2	25.5	35.6	46.5	58.5	71.4	86.0		115		156
Ammonium dihydrogen arsenate	33.7		48.7		63.8		83		107	122
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate	22.7	39.5	37.4	46.4	56.7	69.0	82.5	98.6	118.3	142.8	173.2
Ammonium fluoride	100
Ammonium fluorosilicate	12.28	16.41	18.6	25.0	31.6	35.4	40.4	44.9			61.0
Ammonium formate	102		143		204		311		533
Ammonium hydrogen phosphate	42.9	62.9	68.9	75.1	81.8	89.2	97.2	106	110	112	121
Ammonium hydrogen sulfate			100
Ammonium hydrogen tartrate		1.88	2.7
Ammonium iodate											14.5
Ammonium iodide	155	163	172	182	191	200	209	219	229		250
Ammonium nitrate	118	150	192	242	297	344	421	499	580	740	871
Ammonium orthoperiodate			2.7
Ammonium oxalate	2.2	3.21	4.45	6.09	8.18	10.3	14.0		22.4	27.9	34.7
Ammonium perchlorate	11.56	16.4	20.85		30.58		39.05		48.19		57.01
Ammonium permanganate							Dec	Dec	Dec	Dec	Dec
Ammonium perrhenate	2.8		6.2		12.0		20.7		32.3		39.1
Ammonium phosphate	9.40		20.3			37.7
Ammonium selenate	96	105	115	126	143		192
Ammonium sulfate	70.6	73	75.4	78.1	81.2	84.3	87.4		94.1		103
Ammonium aluminium sulfate	2.4	5.0	7.4	10.5	14.6	19.6	26.7	37.7	53.9	98.2	121
Ammonium sulfite	47.9	54	60.8	68.8	78.4		104		144	150	153
Ammonium tartrate	45	55	63	70.5	76.5		86.9
Ammonium thiocyanate	120	144	170	208	234	235	346
Ammonium thiosulfate			173		205
Ammonium vanadate			0.48	0.84	1.32	1.78	2.42	3.05
Aniline			3.6
Antimony trifluoride	385		444	562
Antimony sulfide			1.8×10-4
Antimony trichloride	602		910	1090	1370	1917	4531
Argon	0.056	0.0405	0.0336	0.0288	0.0252	0.0223
Arsenic pentasulfide	0.0014
Arsenic pentoxide	59.5	62.1	65.8	70.6	71.2		73.0		75.1		76.7
Arsenious sulfide			0.0004
Arsenic trioxide	1.21	1.58	1.80		2.93	3.43	4.44	5.37	5.89	6.55	9.0
Arsine			0.2
Barium acetate	58.8	62	72	75	78.5	77	75	74	74
Barium arsenate
Barium azide
Barium bromate monohydrate
Barium bromide
Barium carbonate
Barium chlorate
Barium chloride
Barium chlorite
Barium chromate
Barium cyanide
Barium ferrocyanide
Barium fluoride
Barium fluorosilicate
Barium formate
Barium hydrogen phosphate
Barium hydrogen phosphite
Barium hydroxide
Barium iodate
Barium iodide
Barium molybdate
Barium nitrate
Barium nitrite
Barium oxalate
Barium oxide
Barium perchlorate
Barium permanganate
Barium pyrophosphate
Barium selenate
Barium sulfate
Barium sulfide
Beryllium carbonate
Beryllium chloride
Beryllium molybdate
Beryllium nitrate
Beryllium oxalate
Beryllium perchlorate
Beryllium selenate
Beryllium sulfate
Bismuth arsenate
Bismuth hydroxide
Bismuth iodide
Bismuth phosphate
Bismuth sulfide
Boric acid
Boron trioxide
Bromine monochloride
Cadmium arsenate
Cadmium benzoate
Cadmium bromate
Cadmium bromide
Cadmium carbonate
Cadmium chlorate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium cyanide
Cadmium ferrocyanide
Cadmium fluoride
Cadmium formate
Cadmium hydroxide
Cadmium iodate
Cadmium iodide
Cadmium nitrate
Cadmium oxalate
Cadmium perchlorate
Cadmium phosphate
Cadmium selenate
Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium sulfide
Cadmium tungstate
Caesium acetate
Caesium azide
Caesium bromate
Caesium bromide
Caesium chlorate
Caesium chloride
Caesium chromate
Caesium fluoride
Caesium fluoroborate
Caesium formate
Caesium iodate
Caesium iodide
Caesium nitrate
Caesium oxalate
Caesium perchlorate
Caesium permanganate
Caesium selenate
Caesium sulfate
Calcium acetate
Calcium arsenate
Calcium azide
Calcium benzoate
Calcium bicarbonate
Calcium bromate
Calcium bromide
Calcium carbonate (Aragonite)
Calcium carbonate (Calcite)
Calcium chlorate
Calcium chloride
Calcium chromate
Calcium citrate
Monocalcium phosphate
Calcium fluoride
Calcium fluorosilicate
Calcium formate
Dicalcium phosphate
Calcium hydroxide
Calcium iodate
Calcium iodide
Calcium molybdate
Calcium nitrate
Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate
Calcium nitrite
Calcium oxalate
Calcium oxide
Calcium perchlorate
Calcium permanganate
Calcium phosphate
Calcium selenate
Calcium sulfate
Calcium tungstate
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Cerium(III) acetate
Cerium(III) chloride
Cerium(III) hydroxide
Cerium(III) iodate
Cerium(III) nitrate
Cerium(III) phosphate
Cerium(III) selenate
Cerium(III) sulfate
Cerium(IV) hydroxide
Chromium(III) nitrate
Chromium(III) perchlorate
Chromium(III) sulfate
Chromium(VI) oxide
Cobalt(II) bromate
Cobalt(II) bromide
Cobalt(II) chlorate
Cobalt(II) chloride
Cobalt(II) fluoride
Cobalt(II) fluorosilicate
Cobalt(II) iodate
Cobalt(II) iodide
Cobalt(II) nitrate
Cobalt(II) nitrite
Cobalt oxalate
Cobalt(II) perchlorate
Cobalt(II) sulfate
Copper(I) chloride
Copper(I) cyanide
Copper(I) hydroxide
Copper(I) iodide
Copper(I) sulfide
Copper(I) thiocyanate
Copper(II) bromide
Copper(II) carbonate
Copper(II) chlorate
Copper(II) chloride
Copper(II) chromate
Copper(II) fluoride
Copper(II) fluorosilicate
Copper(II) formate
Copper(II) hydroxide
Copper(II) iodate
Copper(II) nitrate
Copper oxalate
Copper(II) perchlorate
Copper(II) selenate
Copper(II) selenite
Copper(II) sulfate
Copper(II) sulfide
Dysprosium(III) chromate
Erbium(III) hydroxide
Erbium(III) sulfate
Erbium(III) sulfate octahydrate
Europium(III) hydroxide
Europium(III) sulfate
Ferrous ammonium sulfate
Fructose
Gadolinium(III) acetate
Gadolinium(III) bicarbonate
Gadolinium(III) bromate
Gadolinium(III) hydroxide
Gadolinium(III) sulfate
D-Galactose
Gallium hydroxide
Gallium oxalate
Gallium selenate
Gallium hydroxide
D-Glucose
Gold(III) chloride
Gold(V) oxalate
Hafnium(III) hydroxide
Hafnium(IV) hydroxide
Helium
Holmium(III) hydroxide
Holmium(III) sulfate
Hydrogen
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen iodide
Hydrogen sulfide
Indium(III) bromide
Indium(III) chloride
Indium(III) fluoride
Indium(III) hydroxide
Indium(III) iodate
Indium(III) sulfide
Iron(II) bromide
Iron(II) carbonate
Iron(II) chloride
Iron(II) fluorosilicate
Iron(II) hydroxide
Iron(II) nitrate
Iron(II) oxalate
Iron(II) perchlorate
Iron(II) sulfate
Iron(III) arsenate
Iron(III) chloride
Iron(III) fluoride
Iron(III) hydroxide
Iron(III) iodate
Iron(III) nitrate
Iron(III) perchlorate
Iron(III) sulfate
Lactose
Lanthanum(III) acetate
Lanthanum(III) bromate
Lanthanum(III) iodate
Lanthanum(III) molybdate
Lanthanum(III) nitrate
Lanthanum(III) selenate
Lanthanum(III) sulfate
Lanthanum(III) tungstate
Lead(II) acetate
Lead(II) azide
Lead(II) bromate
Lead(II) bromide
Lead(II) carbonate
Lead(II) chlorate
Lead(II) chloride
Lead(II) chromate
Lead(II) ferrocyanide
Lead(II) fluoride
Lead(II) fluorosilicate
Lead(II) hydrogen phosphate
Lead(II) hydrogen phosphite
Lead(II) hydroxide
Lead(II) iodate
Lead(II) iodide
Lead(II) molybdate
Lead(II) nitrate
Lead(II) oxalate
Lead(II) perchlorate
Lead(II) selenate
Lead(II) sulfate
Lead(II) sulfide
Lead(II) tartrate
Lead(II) thiocyanate
Lead(II) thiosulfate
Lead(II) tungstate
Lead(IV) hydroxide
Lithium acetate
Lithium azide
Lithium benzoate
Lithium bicarbonate
Lithium bromate
Lithium bromide
Lithium carbonate
Lithium chlorate
Lithium chloride
Lithium chromate
Lithium dichromate
Lithium dihydrogen phosphate
Lithium fluoride
Lithium fluorosilicate
Lithium formate
Lithium hydrogen phosphite
Lithium hydroxide
Lithium iodide
Lithium molybdate
Lithium nitrate
Lithium nitrite
Lithium oxalate
Lithium perchlorate
Lithium permanganate
Lithium phosphate
Lithium selenide
Lithium selenite
Lithium sulfate
Lithium tartrate
Lithium thiocyanate
Lithium vanadate
Lutetium(III) hydroxide
Lutetium(III) sulfate
Magnesium acetate
Magnesium benzoate
Magnesium bromate
Magnesium bromide
Magnesium carbonate
Magnesium chlorate
Magnesium chloride
Magnesium chromate
Magnesium fluoride
Magnesium fluorosilicate
Magnesium formate
Magnesium hydroxide
Magnesium iodate
Magnesium iodide
Magnesium molybdate
Magnesium nitrate
Magnesium oxalate
Magnesium perchlorate
Magnesium phosphate
Magnesium selenate
Magnesium selenite
Magnesium sulfate
Magnesium thiosulfate
Maltose
D-Mannose
Manganese(II) bromide
Manganese(II) carbonate
Manganese(II) chloride
Manganese(II) ferrocyanide
Manganese(II) fluoride
Manganese(II) fluorosilicate
Manganese(II) hydroxide
Manganese(II) nitrate
Manganese(II) oxalate
Manganese(II) sulfate
Mercury(I) azide
Mercury(I) bromide
Mercury(I) carbonate
Mercury(I) chloride
Mercury(I) chromate
Mercury(I) cyanide
Mercury(I) perchlorate
Mercury(I) sulfate
Mercury(II) acetate
Mercury(II) benzoate
Mercury(II) bromate
Mercury(II) bromide
Mercury(II) chlorate
Mercury(II) chloride
Mercury(II) cyanide
Mercury(II) iodate
Mercury(II) iodide
Mercury(II) oxalate
Mercury(II) sulfide
Mercury(II) thiocyanate
Neodymium(III) acetate
Neodymium(III) bromate
Neodymium(III) chloride
Neodymium(III) molybdate
Neodymium(III) nitrate
Neodymium(III) selenate
Neodymium(III) sulfate
Nickel(II) acetate
Nickel(II) bromate
Nickel(II) bromide
Nickel(II) carbonate
Nickel(II) chlorate
Nickel(II) chloride
Nickel(II) fluoride
Nickel(II) formate
Nickel(II) hydroxide
Nickel(II) iodate
Nickel(II) iodide
Nickel(II) nitrate
Nickel oxalate
Nickel(II) perchlorate
Nickel(II) pyrophosphate
Nickel(II) sulfate
Nitric oxide
Nitrous oxide
Osmium tetroxide
Oxalic acid
Oxygen
Palladium(II) hydroxide
Palladium(IV) hydroxide
Phenol
Platinum(II) hydroxide
Platinum(IV) bromide
Plutonium(III) fluoride
Plutonium(IV) fluoride
Plutonium(IV) iodate
Polonium(II) sulfide
Potassium acetate
Potassium arsenate
Potassium azide
Potassium benzoate
Potassium bromate
Potassium bromide
Potassium hexabromoplatinate
Potassium carbonate
Potassium chlorate
Potassium chloride
Potassium chromate
Potassium cyanide
Potassium dichromate
Potassium dihydrogen arsenate
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Potassium ferricyanide
Potassium ferrocyanide
Potassium fluoride
Potassium formate
Potassium hydrogen carbonate
Potassium hydrogen phosphate
Potassium hydrogen sulfate
Potassium hydrogen tartrate
Potassium hydroxide
Potassium iodate
Potassium iodide
Potassium metabisulfite
Potassium nitrate
Potassium nitrite
Potassium oxalate
Potassium perchlorate
Potassium periodate
Potassium permanganate
Potassium persulfate
Potassium phosphate
Potassium selenate
Potassium sulfate
Potassium tetraphenylborate
Potassium thiocyanate
Potassium thiosulfate
Potassium tungstate
Praseodymium(III) acetate
Praseodymium(III) bromate
Praseodymium(III) chloride
Praseodymium(III) molybdate
Praseodymium(III) nitrate
Praseodymium(III) sulfate
Radium chloride
Radium iodate
Radium nitrate
Radium sulfate
Raffinose
Rubidium acetate
Rubidium bromate
Rubidium bromide
Rubidium chlorate
Rubidium chloride
Rubidium chromate
Rubidium dichromate
Rubidium fluoride
Rubidium fluorosilicate
Rubidium formate
Rubidium hydrogen carbonate
Rubidium hydroxide
Rubidium iodate
Rubidium iodide
Rubidium nitrate
Rubidium perchlorate
Rubidium periodate
Rubidium selenate
Rubidium sulfate
Samarium acetate
Samarium bromate
Samarium chloride
Samarium sulfate
Scandium oxalate
Scandium sulfate
Silicon dioxide
Silver acetate
Silver azide
Silver bromate
Silver bromide
Silver carbonate
Silver chlorate
Silver chloride
Silver chlorite
Silver chromate
Silver cyanide
Silver dichromate
Silver fluoride
Silver nitrate
Silver oxalate
Silver oxide
Silver perchlorate
Silver permanganate
Silver sulfate
Silver vanadate
Sodium acetate
Sodium azide
Sodium benzoate
Sodium borohydride
Sodium bromate
Sodium bromide
Sodium carbonate
Sodium chlorate
Sodium chloride
Sodium chromate
Sodium cyanide
Sodium dichromate
Monosodium phosphate
Sodium fluoride
Sodium formate
Sodium hydrogen carbonate
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium iodate
Sodium iodide
Sodium metabisulfite
Sodium metaborate
Sodium molybdate
Sodium nitrate
Sodium nitrite
Sodium oxalate
Sodium perchlorate
Sodium periodate
Sodium permanganate
Sodium phosphate
Sodium pyrophosphate
Sodium selenate
Sodium sulfate
Sodium sulfite
Sodium tetraborate decahydrate
Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate
Sodium tetraborate tetrahydrate
Sodium tetraphenylborate
Sodium thiosulfate
Strontium acetate
Strontium bromate
Strontium bromide
Strontium carbonate
Strontium chlorate
Strontium chloride
Strontium chromate
Strontium fluoride
Strontium formate
Strontium hydroxide
Strontium iodate
Strontium iodide
Strontium molybdate
Strontium nitrate
Strontium selenate
Strontium sulfate
Strontium thiosulfate
Strontium tungstate
Sucrose
Sulfur dioxide
Terbium bromate
Terbium sulfate
Thallium(I) azide
Thallium(I) bromate
Thallium(I) bromide
Thallium(I) carbonate
Thallium(I) chlorate
Thallium(I) cyanide
Thallium(I) fluoride
Thallium(I) hydrogen carbonate
Thallium(I) hydroxide
Thallium(I) iodate
Thallium(I) iodide
Thallium(I) nitrate
Thallium(I) oxalate
Thallium(I) perchlorate
Thallium(I) phosphate
Thallium(I) pyrophosphate
Thallium(I) selenate
Thallium(I) sulfate
Thallium(I) vanadate
Thorium(IV) fluoride
Thorium(IV) iodate
Thorium(IV) nitrate
Thorium(IV) selenate
Thorium(IV) sulfate
Tin(II) bromide
Tin(II) chloride
Tin(II) fluoride
Tin(II) iodide
Tin(II) sulfate
Trehalose
Uranyl acetate
Uranyl chloride
Uranyl formate
Uranyl iodate
Uranyl nitrate
Uranyl oxalate
Uranyl sulfate
Urea
Vanadium(V) oxide
Xenon
Xylitol
Xylose
Ytterbium(III) sulfate
Yttrium(III) acetate
Yttrium(III) bromate
Yttrium(III) bromide
Yttrium(III) chloride
Yttrium(III) fluoride
Yttrium(III) nitrate
Yttrium(III) sulfate
Zinc acetate
Zinc bromide
Zinc carbonate
Zinc chlorate
Zinc chloride
Zinc cyanide
Zinc fluoride
Zinc formate
Zinc iodate
Zinc iodide
Zinc nitrate
Zinc oxalate
Zinc permanganate
Zinc sulfate
Zinc sulfite
Zinc tartrate
Zirconium fluoride
Zirconium sulfate

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility_table